FAMILY CONCEPT

FAMILY CONCEPTBy : Elis HartatiBackgroundTechnologyDemography Sociology

A social unit created by blood, marriage, or adoption

as nuclear (parents and children) or extended (encompassing other relatives).Changes in the FamilyDecline in household sizeDelayed marriage an decline in marriage rateHigher divorce rateCharging gender normsIncrease in family heterogeneityDefinitionDepend on the theoretical orientation :The family as an arena of interaction personalitiesAs a small open social system composed of a set of highly interdependent part and affected by both internal structure and external environment

DefinitionBased on traditionally oriented (Smith 1995): The family is composed of persons joined together by bonds of marriage,blood, or adoption and residing in the same householdWhall (1986) : family as a self identified group of two or more individuals whose association is characterized by special terms who may or may not be related by blood lines or low, but who function in such a way they consider themselves to be family

DefinitionFine and Demo (2000) : a family as characterized by birth, marriage, adoption, or choiceFriedman (2003) : family is two or more persons who are joined together by bonds of sharing and emotional closeness amd two identify themselves as being part of the family.Perry dan Potter (2005), Family is a unit consisted of father, mother, and childrenchildren role based on sex

DefinitionUU no.10 tahun 1992 tentang perkembangan kependudukan dan pembangunan keluarga sejahtera. Keluarga adalah unit terkecil dari masyarakat yang terdiri dari suami istri, atau suami-istri dan anaknya, atau ayah dan anaknya, atau ibu dan anaknya.PP No. 21 tahun 1994 bahwa keluarga dibentuk berdasarkan atas perkawinan yang sahType of familyTraditional Family :Nuclear family : one parent workingNuclear family : duel careerNuclear dyadSingle parent familySingle adult living aloneThree generation extended familyMiddle age elderly coupleExtended kin network

Type of Family Non Traditional Family :Unmarried parent and child familyUnmarried couple and child familyCohabiting coupleGay/lesbian familyAugmented family : composed nuclear/single parent family with one/more unrelated personsCommune familyFoster family : household of single or two parents with foster children and perhaps the parents awn children

Family NursingFamily as contextFamily as sum of membersFamily as subsystem as clientFamily as clientFamily as a component of societyFamily Nursing : defining the speciality :Bomar,1996;Hanson,2001 : Family health care nursingWright & Leahey, 2000 : Nursing of family or family sistem nursingFriedemann, 1995 : system-focused or system family nursing.Family as context (Bozett,1987;Robinson,1995)

Nursing care is individually focused.The family is athe background or secondary focus and the individual the foreground or primary focus relatives to assesment and interventionFamily as sum of members

The family is seen as an acumulation or sum of the individual family membersIn this tipe of family nursing practice, the foreground is each of the clients, seen as separate rather than interacting units.Family as subsystem as client

Family subsystem are the focus and and recipient of assesment and interventionFriedemann,1993 & Robinson,1995 refer to this model basis for interpersonal family nursingNursing focus :exp : parent-child relationships, marital interactions, caregiving issues, and bonding attachment Family as client

The entire family is viewed as client or as the primary focus of assessment and care.The family is now in the foreground, with the individual family members in the background or contextThe family is viewed as an interactional systemFocus : internal family dynamics and relationships, family structure and function, relationship of family subsystems with whole and the family with outer environmentFamily as a component of society (Hanson, 2001)

The family is visualized as one subsystem within a larger system as a component of societyThe family seen as one of basic societal institution, exp :educatinal, welfare or religion institutionFamily Nursing :Provision of nursing care to familyUse of the nursing process applied to the familyWorking with families within a health /illness contextWorking with families in many settings-wherever families are being servedWorking with all forms of familiesBeing guided by theories an research for family social science, family therapy and nursingEmphasing a health orientation, a holistic and an interactional perspective and the importance of family strengthFamily Nursing Goals (leavell et al,1995;williams & Torrens,1999):Primary prevention : health promotion and specific preventionSecondary prevention : early detection, diagnosis and treatmentTertery prevention : recovery and rehabilitationFamily nursing theory/modelConceptual Models : Newman, Orem, Roy, King, Roger, NightingaleFamily social science theory : developmental, system, structural-funtional, interactional,family stress, change theoryFamily therapy: structural family therapy theory, family system therapy, behavioral therapy, experiential therapy, strategic therapy, solution-oriented therapy