Yes-You-Can

CMN 432 – Communication in the Engineering Professions

Abdolreza Roshandel

Andrew Ellis 500615951

Kajeev Gnanasegaram 500631579

Amirali Parsaee 500722398

Mahal Mammadli 500642220

Andres Vogtlander 500623926

Fayaz Fahim 500631579

02/12/15

Solution to RFP

Ken-Ya-Pay’s

Ken-Ya-Pay Solution to RFP: The Yes-You-Can

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Table of Content

Executive Summary………………………………………………………………………………………3

Overview……….…………………………………………………………………………………………3

Design………….………………………………………………………………...…………….…………4

Business………….……………………………………………………………………………………….5

Implementation…….…………….………………………………………………………………….……6

Societal Impacts………………………………………………………………………………………….7

Political Impacts………………………………………………………………………………………….8

Ethical Impacts………………………………………………………….….…………………………….9

Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………………….9

References……………….…………………………………………………………………………….…10

Appendix A………………………………………………………………………………………………13

Appendix B………………………………………………………………………………………………16

Appendix C………………………………………………………………………………………………17

Appendix D………………………………………………………………………………………………18

Ken-Ya-Pay Solution to RFP: The Yes-You-Can

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List of Figures

Figure 1…………...………………………………………………………………………………………4

Table A1……….…………………………………………………………………………………………13

Table A2……….…………………………………………………………………………………………13

Table A3……….…………………………………………………………………………………………13

Table A4……….…………………………………………………………………………………………14

Table A5……….…………………………………………………………………………………………14

Table A6……….…………………………………………………………………………………………15

Figure B1……….…………………………………………………………………………………………16

Figure B2……….…………………………………………………………………………………………16

Figure C1-C5….…………………………………………………………………………………………..17

Figure D1-D4….………………………………………………………………………………….………18

Ken-Ya-Pay Solution to RFP: The Yes-You-Can

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Executive Summary

Ken-Ya-Pay’s response The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation’s RFP to promote the adoption

and use of mobile payments for merchants living on less than $2.00 USD per day is a device

designed to facilitate mobile transactions in rural areas of Kenya. Rather than attempting to

replace current successful systems such as M-Pesa, Interact and Bitcoin, the Yes-You-Can device

is designed to complement these systems compensating for the limitation that each of these share:

no payments can currently be processed in areas of low connectivity. The device is designed to

create a spider-web like network amongst devices such that encrypted transactions may pass

from device to device until they are capable of being uploaded to the desired payment system

through 3G, Wi-Fi, or satellite connectivity. Various impacts such as implementation, business,

politics, ethics and society are considered through the report. The proposed model will be cost

effective, environmentally friendly, politically supported and available to Kenyans with minimal

literacy and education. The goal of this proposal is not only to enable mobile transaction, but also

by extension stimulate the Kenyan economy and increase the quality of life.

Overview The Bill and Melinda Gates foundation states that “access to formal payments systems is

fundamental to enable poor people to become more economically stable, prosperous and resilient”

(Global Grand Challenges, 2015). Fortunately as of 2007, Kenya became one of the first third

world countries to implement a successful large mobile payment system. This system, known as

M-Pesa, has become so successful that it already has over 60 million active accounts worldwide

(Mugambi, Njunge, & Samuel, 2014). It allows users to make payments to businesses, banks, or

any other users all from a simple app or text message. Its use has become so widespread that

over 67% of Kenyans already use this service (Craven, 2012). The primary reason that 33% of

the Kenyan population does not take advantage of this modern economic resource is not lack of

possession of a device or even insufficient literacy, but is rather that over 70% of Kenya does not

support sufficient receptivity to process transactions (Koopman, 2014). When this lack of

reception is compared to a population density map (Figures D1 and D2), it is evident that this

lack of reception does not solely encompasses minimally populated areas, but in fact expands

into many major cities including the capital Nairobi itself (OpenSignal, 2015).

The standard approach to expand connectivity has traditionally been to construct additional

cell phone towers. Although this model is perfectly feasible in most first world countries, the

initial investment of approximately $150,000 per tower (Statistic Brain, 2015) may seem

daunting for less economically stable countries like Kenya. To facilitate transactions, our model

enables devices to communicate amongst each other such that only one device needs to be within

cell receptivity to allow any unit with which it is linked to preform transactions (see Appendix C).

By expanding the range of access to mobile transaction processing, the device will by

extension stimulate the Kenyan economy and consequently bring the Bill and Melinda Gates

Foundation one step closer to its goal: To improve the quality of live for individuals around the

world (Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, 2015). This proposal responds to The Bill and

Melinda Gates Foundations’ RFP to promote the adoption and use of mobile payments in

developing regions of Kenya by instigating the use of peep-to-peer devices to expand the range

in which transactions may be processed.

Ken-Ya-Pay Solution to RFP: The Yes-You-Can

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Design

In order to best target Kenya’s emerging market, the Yes-You-Can was designed with the

following goals:

To facilitate the mobile payments in

areas of low connectivity

Simplicity of use and Accessibility

Secure Transactions

Low Cost

To ensure that the device would be affordable to users with incomes of

less than two dollars per day, the Yes-You-Can was designed as modular

device. For a device to be considered modular, each component must be

individually designed such that user may simply purchase a base unit, then

add on any modules they deem necessary (Starr, 2010) based on their

financial and geographical situation. The Yes-You-Can would have

dimensions similar to standard smartphone of 6 cm wide by 10 cm tall. This

follows the golden ratio of 1.6 which is widely considered to be the most

visually appealing side length ratio (Weisstein, 2014). The base unit would

consist of the following modules1:

Radio Tranciever + Antenna. The base unit would have radio

capabilities with a range of approximately 1 km. This will allow the device

to communicate amongst each other and transmit transactions into areas of

cell connectivity. The 1 km range should be sufficient given the average

population density of 78.83 people per square kilometer (Trading

Economics, 2014). Upgrades antenna would be available with ranges up to

40 km for those living in particularly rural areas.

Satellite Receiver. The device would have a satellite receiver so

that payment confirmation can be sent directly to the device. This is an

added measure of security to ensure that the user will be told exactly how much money was

transferred and to whom it was transferred to.

Battery + Solar Cell. The device would run on a coin cell battery, powered by a solar

cell mounted on the front. Options for a larger battery with a USB charging port would be

available.

Chipset. The base unit device would come with ATMega328 processor. Upgrades would

be available for those wishing for faster transaction speeds, or those wishing to process multiple

transactions at once.

Screen + Keypad. Each unit would come with a simple black and white LCD screen.

The keypad would consist of a rectangular number pad allowing users to input transaction

amounts and pin codes. The keys would also have multi-press functionality similar to that of a

flip-phone to enable alphabetical input if necessary. Options would be available to upgrade to a

standard 30 key alphanumeric keyboard, or a touch screen interface.

Language Switch. One of the back panels of the device would make the device more

accessible by featuring a language switch allowing users to easily switch between an English,

Swahili, and image based interface without having to navigate through any software menus.

Additional Components. The device would also feature the following added modules

available for those in more financially stable conditions wishing for advanced functionality.

1 Pricing Options listed in Appendix A. Visual Depictions of various modules available in Appendix B.

Figure 1: Yes-You-Can Base Unit

Ken-Ya-Pay Solution to RFP: The Yes-You-Can

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Credit Card Processing. Although the base unit would be capable of processing credit

card transactions by manually entering all the required information, vendors seeking a quicker

and simpler method of payment may opt to add credit card reading functionality (Figure B1).

Connectivity Options. Merchants wishing to process multiple transactions at once may

wish to purchase the Bluetooth or Wi-Fi connectivity options. This would allow users to connect

their phones to the device thus allowing them to take advantage of the expanded range of

reception while still feeling secure in using the familiar interface of their own mobile device.

This would also allow merchants in a small market to collectively buy one device to enable

mobile payments in their market to anyone with a cell phone without physically having to pass

the device around whenever someone wished to make a transaction.

GPS. This particular module would provide the user with dual functionality. The primary

function of this unit would be so that users in more rural areas who are not close enough to other

devices to process transactions can easily locate areas of higher connectivity. This module also

adds an additional layer of security onto the device as each transaction could utilize 256 bit

encryption2 with a decryption seed based on the user’s GPS location (and numerous randomly

generated numbers). This exact location would be unknown to other users whose devices the

transaction information will pass through making it exceedingly difficult to decrypt.

3G Transceiver. This component allows users to upload transactions to various payment

servers. This is not part of the base unit as many users will never find themselves within cell

reception. The module is highly recommended as it is key to the functionality of the system and

for each payment that is uploaded through a user device, they are given a premium of 1% of the

transaction which can pay of the module and eventually the device itself.

Satellite Uplink. This component would work almost exactly the same as the 3G

Transceiver except it would not require cell reception to upload transactions. This would make it

an ideal module for those living in areas very far from cell reception. Unfortunately, this device

would come with an additional monthly cost making it more ideal to purchase as a small

community rather than as a sole merchant.

Business Device cost. This device is targeted for rural citizens living under $2 USD per day who

have limited access to formal financial services. We had to make sure it’s reasonably priced and

affordable. In our first phase of implementation we are provided with $100,000 USD and in case

of success we will gain an added $1,000,000 USD (Bill & Melinda gate foundation, 2015). The

basic model of Yes-You-Can consist of six components. The breakdown of prices is provided in

Appendix A which are derived from several international trade companies and online markets in

wholesale price including Walmart®, Alibaba®, Sparkfun®, Amazon® and several others. Note

that all prices are in US dollars and the tax is included in calculations. The sum of the

components' cost would be $14.93 for the base unit.

The cost of exporting the components to Kenya is estimated to be $10,000 USD

according to international shipping cargo rates. This can be easily covered by the foundation's

initial grand. The average hourly wage for industrial labor in Kenya is $0.84 which is involved in

our assembly process labor (AfricaPay Organization, 2015).

2 256 bit encryption is the security standard for almost all credit card transaction/online government files. It consists of mapping every digit used in the transaction to one of 256 other digits (Henderson, 2014).

Ken-Ya-Pay Solution to RFP: The Yes-You-Can

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Gathering all things into consideration, total price for the basic model of the device is

$16.77. Prices may vary depending on user needs, but the base unit will suffuce for the everyday

user. One anticipated objection is that $16.77 is not an attractive market price considering an

average family income. Even though the device is still affordable for majority of people, we will

use amortized loan method to facilitate the payment process, in a way that customers can make a

down payment, and pay off the remaining balance of the device by being charged a small amount

on each transaction.

Regional Economic Influences. While we cannot expect a dramatic evolution in

Kenya’s economy, we will see changes in behavior toward local trade after the introduction of

the Yes-You-Can. According to American society of registered nurses (ASRN, 2010), paying for

goods and services with cash would result in provoking the same part of the brain that triggers

“pain”, while using digital payments won’t. This is because we associate the loss of money with

loss of a valued object. The Yes-You-Can promotes digital payment and is expected to encourage

customers to spend more money since the feeling of loss would diminish. Increase of demand

would result in the increase of supply. This can be enough in a small region and in our context to

promote economic growth (Chen, 2009).

Implementation Utilization of Existing Infrastructure. The device's functionality is ultimately

dependent on cellular coverage because the transmitted signal from the device must be within

cellular range either through the peer to peer network or have been initially in cellular coverage

in order to process the transaction. The cellular coverage in Kenya is sufficient for the device to

function as seen in Figure D1. Figure D2 is a population density map with the darkest shade

representing the highest density. Comparing the two figures it can be seen that a big portion of

the population has little to no cellular coverage especially to the west of Nairobi which is the

capital city. Ultimately, without cellular coverage, mobile payments cannot be processed.

The device’s functionality and success is greatly dependent on the fact that a big portion

of the population is outside the cellular range. This device can help bridge this cellular coverage

gap. These figures outline the potential of the device to connect many merchants to the existing

cellular infrastructure without the need to expand current cellular infrastructure.

Satellites. A major component of the device is the satellite receiver whose duty is to

confirm transactions. Figures D3 and D4 represent the coverage of two satellites the Eutelsat

70B and AFRICA SAT 1A which are run the Lepton Global Solutions and Fast Communications

respectively. Both of these satellites cover all of Kenya (Satsig, 2015). This means that a

transaction confirmation can be received no matter your location and almost instantly increasing

the security of the device.

Both companies provide satellite internet for a monthly cost which is dependent on

download/upload rates desired and specified in Appendix A (Satsig, 2015). This cost would only

apply to those using the Satellite Uplink module.

Manufacturing. Manufacturing and assembly will occur in Kenya however the many of

the components will be imported as the most cost effective quality components are not available

locally. Kenya is a striving environment for manufacturing and assembly featuring over 284

different fabrication companies (SoftKenya, 2015). A warehouse with a work force is sufficient

to assemble the device as long as the proper supervision is present for quality control.

Manufacturing will be done on a small scale with manual assembly of the device meaning no

custom made machinery is required thus significantly reducing costs. Manufacturing has a great

Ken-Ya-Pay Solution to RFP: The Yes-You-Can

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potential for expansion depending on how successful the device functions in real conditions and

how great of a demand will arise.

Trade Unions. A membership with the Kenya Association of Manufacturers (KAM) can

sort out many details concerning manufacturing. The KAM provides an essential link for co-

operation and understanding with the government of Kenya by representing the views and

concerns of its members to the relevant authorities (KAM, 2015). Kenya has over 1,183 trucking

companies which can be used to distribute the device (AICD, 2015).

Although the device is designed particularly for Kenya, the device could be easily

implemented in many regions around the world. The device's design is universal as long as there

is sufficient infrastructure which consists of cellular and satellite coverage as previously

discussed.

Headquarters. A headquarter can be setup in Kenya to serve as an information and

technical support hub. The headquarters will also be responsible for real time analysis of the

peer-to-peer network to ensure optimal functionality. The headquarters can gather useful data for

further improvements.

Based on everything discussed so far the device can be implemented into existing

infrastructure with ease. Existing companies can be utilized to help with manufacturing and

distribution. This would help to stimulate the economy by creating jobs for locals.

Societal Impacts

Ken-Ya-Pay’s goal is to improve three factors in Kenyan society: poverty, education, and

health.

Poverty. As of 2012, 43.4% of Kenya's population was below the poverty line (The

World Factbook, 2015). It is evident that Kenya needs a new innovative way to do business.

Approximately 75% of Kenya's labor force works in the rural agricultural industry (The World

Factbook, 2015). Ken-Ya-Pay can facilitate commerce by enabling mobile transaction in this

industry. Furthermore, the unemployment rate of Kenya as of 2013 was 40% (The World

Factbook, 2015), a significant factor affecting its economy. By assembling our device in Kenya,

jobs will be created in such areas as: assembly line workers, marketing agents, IT, and other

business related areas. By employing locals to market the device, the population will be more

receptive to its implementation. Overall, Kenya's economy will greatly benefit from Ken-Ya-Pay

by creating jobs and providing an additional source of income to those with the 3G module.

Education. In Kenya, the average person will complete 11 years of school starting at

primary a primary level (The World Factbook, 2015). The Yes-You-Can device will enable them

to gain additional business and technical skills.

Health. Health is currently a major issue in Kenya because of the lack of affordable

health care. The crude death rate in Kenya per 1000 people is eight deaths (The World Bank,

2013). Such a high mortality rate is present because people do not seek healthcare because of "a

lack of money..." (Mwabu, p.315). Our device will bring Kenya one step closer to a stable

economy where lack of affordable health care is less of an issue.

By improving these factors, the overall quality of life in Kenyan society would ultimately

improve as well. By enabling people living under $2 USD a day to afford healthcare, more

people will be healthy and able to add to the workforce. By creating jobs and encouraging

commerce, we help improve Kenya's overall economic state.

Ken-Ya-Pay Solution to RFP: The Yes-You-Can

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Political Impact Kenya is a formidable place for the Ken-Ya-Pay to debut. However, Ken-Ya-Pay is

willing to face the challenges of corruption, maintaining a business and importing processes in

order to bring the Yes-You-Can device to the people in need.

Corruption in the Government. Historically, Kenya has been known as politically

corrupt country, ranking 25/100 on the Transparency International African Bribery Index (How

Corrupt Is Your Country, 2014). As of late, many new laws have been placed into the

constitution and according to Maira Martini’s article, “GCB data indicates 48% of the

respondents says corruption has decreased in the last 3 years . . . while 70% assess government

efforts against corruption as effective, compared to only 39% in 2006”(p.7). It is evident that the

government is putting a stop to corruption. Therefore, Kenya would still be the choice of place to

do business.

Means Against Corruption. Running a business is potentially difficult due to corruption.

According to a survey conducted by Ernest and Young, 1 in 3 companies have paid bribes to win

contracts and 27% of higher officials within the companies have committed fraud (Kenya, 2014).

However, the government of Kenya has introduced the Companies Act and the Insolvency Act in

order to be business friendly. The Companies Act was revised and currently the Cabinet

Secretary is responsible for issues related to companies. The act concerns things such as (Kenya

Introduces a New, 2015):

· Validity of any companies registered under Chapter 486 of the laws of Kenya

(Cap 486).

· Changes made to companies including change of names

· Validity of acts of directors under Cap 486

The Insolvency Act focuses more on “alternatives procedures to bankruptcy and winding-up that

will facilitate the management of the affairs for the benefits of persons, companies and creditors”

(Kenya Introduces a New, 2015). Companies can then be introduced to their right of conducting

restructuring and bankruptcy work-outs under an administration process.

Importation Laws. Trade regulations also need to be followed by Ken-Ya-Pay in order

to bring parts into Kenya. When importing into Kenya, the government applies EAC (East

African Community) Customs Union’s Common External Tariff, which is 0% for raw materials,

10% for processed or manufactured items, and 25% for finished goods (Kenya, 2014). Kenya is

also part of another trading union called the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa

(COMESA). Even though Kenya has multiple memberships, an Aberystwyth University article

by Khorana, Kimbugwe and Perdikis suggests that there are advantages to multiplicity such as

“[enhancing] market access for the investors and producers to the partner countries’ markets”(p.

8). During the importing process, there is an import declaration fee of 2.25 percent of the value

of imports (Kenya, 2014) and Ken-Ya-Pay is required to declare an Import Declaration Form

before arrival (Kenya: Trade Regulations, 2009). There is also a Certificate Conformity that is

obtained after pre-shipment inspection companies certify the shipment (Kenya, 2014). The

certificate is then provided to the Kenya Bureau of Standards, which belongs to the Ministry of

Trade, Tourism and Industry. The Bureau issues an Import Standardized Mark, a label for

imported items, and require instructions to be in English or Swahili (Kenya, 2014; Kenya: Trade

Regulations, 2009). Therefore, it can be concluded that once Ken-Ya-Pay goes through these

processes, our parts are legal within the nation.

Ken-Ya-Pay Solution to RFP: The Yes-You-Can

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Ethical Impacts Security. As a previous study from Article 19 reports that the Kenyan economy lost 23

million USD due to cyber/technology related crimes. (Article 19, 2014). Therefore security is a

major concern regarding ethical impacts. As previously mentioned the device will utilize a 256

bit encryption with the option of GPS based verification for added security.

As the transaction will pass through a multitude of devices, it is crucial to verify that the

encrypted transactions have not been modified. In order to ensure this, the Yes-You-Can uses a

spider web-like verification network (Figure C5). Each time a device receives an encoded

transaction, it will not send the transaction on to the next device without confirming the

transaction with another device in the network first. The result of this is that as more devices are

added to the network, transactions will become more and more secure.

Environmental Issues. For environmental issues, Kenya produces significant amounts of

toxic waste per year (Ndede, 2010). The problem is that their waste is not properly disposed at an

official dumpsite. This can be a cause for major health concerns such as diseases, sicknesses and

long term health effects. The modularity of the design enables users to upgrade their device one

module at a time to eliminate the need to entirely dispose of the device. All component casing

will be made of a recyclable plastic. This will help reduce the amount of e-waste produced in

Kenya every year. User Accessibility. Only 78% of people in Kenya are literate (UNESCO, 2015 & UNICEF

2013). In order to maximize accessibility, our product offers interface options in English, Swahili

as they are the most commonly spoken languages in Kenya. There is also an image based option

for those who are unable to read. This option will have pictures such as a bank for deposit and a

dollar sign to withdraw.

Marketing. To advertise our product, we are partnering with M-Pesa. M-Pesa is the largest

mobile payment system in Kenya and is a well-known company amongst Kenyans. Since our

product is dealing with the population's money, by partnering with them, our product will be

generally seen as more reliable and trustworthy and not as a scam.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Ken-Ya-Pay's product Yes-You-Can is the best solution to provide a way

for Kenyan's living under $2 USD per day in rural areas to make secure mobile transactions. Our

product ultimately results in a better quality of life for poor Kenyans, stimulates the economy by

creating business and employment opportunities, and allows merchants to accept many forms of

e-payments. The use of this product results aids Kenyans to seek healthcare as many are able to

make a small income using a 3G module. Our product creates jobs and business opportunities

during the manufacturing and assembly processes resulting in development of business and

technical skills. Our company ensures corruption will not affect the business and have backup

plans if the company does not meet quotas. The rules and regulations are followed to ensure we

can stay in business. Also, our environmental impact will be minimal due to our modular design.

Ken-Ya-Pay is focusing on getting these plans through and starting the distribution procedures.

Our numerous security measures will ensure that our products are being used wisely and

guarantee transaction safety for our clientele. The Yes-You-Can device is the solution for Kenya's

mobile payment issue and will eventually help those in poverty to move on and lead a

sustainable life.

Ken-Ya-Pay Solution to RFP: The Yes-You-Can

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Appendix A: Pricing Options

* Indicates Non-Bulk Retail Price

Table A1: Antenna Pricing

Module Specifications Base Unit? Price

USD

Distributer

Base Radio

Transceiver*

Sends + Receives radio signal.

Requires antenna for range of

greater than 10 meters

Yes $2.24 Amazon.ca

Base

Antenna*

Increases range of Radio

Transmitter to 1Km

Yes $3.36 Amazon.ca

Kaito Antenna Increases range to about 4 km No $12.99 Amazon.ca

Sirius Antenna Increases range to about 7 km

(may require stronger battery)

No $17.89 Amazon.ca

XBee Radio

Transciver*

Improved Radio Transceiver

for stronger signal strength

when using larger antennas

No $31.00 Amazon.ca

External Yagi

Antenna

40 Km range. Attaches to

device via wire. Not easily

portable. Ideal to be shared

among small market or village

as it can aid to process

transactions for many devices.

Needs external power

No $85.00 Amazon.ca

Table A2: Battery Options

Module Specifications Base Unit? Price

USD

Distributer

Cell Battery Non–Rechargeable, but battery

is not drained while solar cell

is active. Will last about 2

weeks.

Yes $0.43 Alibaba.com

Lithium Ion

Battery

Rechargeable, charges from

solar cell

No $1.43 Alibaba.com

USB charging

Port*

Enables charging by USB.

Does not require battery while

plugged in. Best option for

vendors seeking to process

greater than 5 transactions per

day with access to power.

No $4.01 Amazon.ca

Table A3: Processor Options

Module Specifications Base Unit? Price

USD

Distributer

ATMega 328 Standard Microcontroller Yes $1.50 Amazon.ca

Ken-Ya-Pay Solution to RFP: The Yes-You-Can

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capable of handling one

transaction at a time

ATMega

32A*

Ideal for small market where

cell phones are sending

transactions vie wi-fi/Bluetooth

to central hub

No $7.91 Amazon.ca

Intel Edison* Ideal for Large Market where

many numerous devices are

transmitting data to central hub

for Satellite Uplink

No $49.95 Sparkfun.ca

Table A4: Connectivity Options

Module Specifications Base Unit? Price

USD

Distributer

Bluetooth* Enables Device to connect to

Bluetooth enabled phones to

process transactions through

M-PESA, Interact, Bitcoin and

PayPal

No $3.80 Alibaba.ca

Wi-Fi* Enables Device to connect to

Wi-Fi enabled phones or

routers to process transactions

through M-PESA, Interact,

Bitcoin or PayPal

No $4.64 Amazon.ca

3G

Transmitter

Enables device to upload

transactions to Cellular

Networks. Range of 20km

from cell tower

No $6.00 Alibaba.com

Satellite

Uplink*

Enables Device to upload

transactions directly to servers

without needing 3G or Wi-Fi.

Subject to Monthly Fee based

on usage

No $149 GroundControl.com

Table A5: Screen + Keypad Options

Module Specifications Base Unit? Price

USD

Distributer

Standard

Black and

White Display

Display similar to that of a

calculator.

Yes $1.50 Alibaba.com

Numerical

Keypad*

Similar to a flip phone

keyboard. Alphabetical input

possible by pressing keys

numerous times

Yes $1.14 Amazon.ca

Alphanumeric

Keyboard*

Has letters and numbers to

input user information more

No $7.38 Amazon.ca

Ken-Ya-Pay Solution to RFP: The Yes-You-Can

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easily. Useful if users wish to

use advanced payment services

such as Bitcoin or Paypal

TouchScreen* 2.4 inch touchscreen. Mounts

in place of keypad

No $8.37 Amazon.ca

Table A6: Credit Card Processing Options

Module Specifications Base Unit? Price

USD

Distributer

Magnetic Strip

Scanner*

Used to read credit cards

without manually entering all

information through keyboard

No $28.20 Amazon.ca

TAP Reader* Used for credit cards with TAP No $30.41 Ebay.ca

Chip Reader Used to read chip credit cards No $13.28 Ebay.ca

Ken-Ya-Pay Solution to RFP: The Yes-You-Can

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Appendix B: Visual Representation of Select Modules

Figure B1: Base Unit with Magnetic Figure B2: Base Unit with Kiato Antenna

Strip Reader Module

Ken-Ya-Pay Solution to RFP: The Yes-You-Can

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Appendix C: Peer-to-Peer Transaction Process

Figure C1: Devices Use Radio Signal to Form Peer-to-Peer Network

Figure C2: Devices Transmit Transaction Data Through the Network

Figure C3: Devices Stay Connected Even While in Motion

Figure C4: Device with 3G Module Upload all Transactions for Connected Device

Figure C5: Transaction Data is Verified by All Connected Devices

Ken-Ya-Pay Solution to RFP: The Yes-You-Can

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Appendix D: Reference Images

Figure D1: Kenyan Cell Reception Map Figure D2: Kenyan Population Density Map

(OpenSignal, 2015) (Socioeconomic Data and Application Center, 2000)

Figure D3: Satellite Coverage for Eutelsat 70B Figure D4: Satellite Coverage for AFRICA SAT 1A

(Satsig, 2015) (Satsig, 2015)