Extension System of ICAR & SAU

Prepared By :SONDARVA AGNES M.sc.(Agri) Extension1st semesterBACA, AAU, Anand

INTRODUCTION

Agricultural extension is a branch of agriculture which assists the farmers to bring about continuous improvement in their physical, economic and social well being through individual and co-operative efforts.

Agricultural research and education got major support in the first decade of the 20th century when Lord Curzon was the Viceroy of India.

The most significant milestone was the establishment of the Imperial (now Indian) Agricultural Research Institute (IARI) at Pusa in Bihar in 1905.

The 'Pusa' institute suffered from a devastating earthquake in 1934 and was therefore, shifted to New Delhi, a central place, in 1936.

Also in 1905, six agricultural colleges were established in important provinces at

1) Pune (Maharashtra),

2) Kanpur (Uttar Pradesh),

3) Sabour (Bihar),

4) Nagpur (Maharashtra),

5) Faisalabad (now in Pakistan) and

6) Coimbatore (Tamil Nadu)

Another significant development was the establishment of the Imperial (now Indian) Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) in 1929, an autonomous body, on the recommendation of the Royal Commission on Agriculture (1926).

Concomitantly, a number of central commodity committees were constituted, mainly for commercial crops

Cotton committees:- 1921 Lac committees :- 1931 Jute committees :- 1936 Sugarcane committees :- 1944 Coconut committees :-1945 Tobacco committees :-1945 Oilseeds committees :-1947 Areca nut committees :-1949 and Spices and cashew nut committees :-1958

EXTENSION SYSTEM OF ICAR:

The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi, India is an autonomous organization under the Department of Agricultural Research and Education, Ministry of Agriculture, government of India. Formerly known as the Imperial Council of Agricultural Research,

it was established in 1929 as a registered society under the Societies Registration Act, 1860 in pursuance of the report of the Royal Commission on Agriculture. ICAR has its headquarters at New Delhi.

The Council is the apex body for coordinating, guiding and managing research and education in agriculture including horticulture, fisheries and animal sciences in the country. It has 99 ICAR institutes and 53 agricultural universities spread across the country.

The ICAR has played a role in enabling the country to increase the production of food grains by four, horticultural crops by six, fish by nine (marine five and inland 17, milk six times and eggs 27 times since 1950.

Union Minister of Agriculture, Sharad Pawar is President and Dr. S. Ayyappan is Director General of ICAR.

Mandate of ICAR1. To plan, undertake, aid, promote and co-ordinate

education, research and its application in agriculture, agro-forestry, animal husbandry, fisheries, home science and allied sciences

2. To act as a clearing house of research and general information relating to agriculture, animal husbandry, home science and allied sciences, and fisheries through its publications and information system; and instituting and promoting transfer of technology programmes

3. To provide, undertake and promote consultancy services in the fields of education, research, training and dissemination of information in agriculture, agroforestry, animal husbandry, fisheries, home science and allied sciences

4. To look into the problems relating to broader areas of rural development concerning agriculture, including postharvest technology by developing co-operative programmes with other organizations such as the Indian Council of Social Science Research, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre and the universities

5. To do other things considered necessary to attain the objectives of the Society

OrganizationICAR has the following organizational structure Union Minister of Agriculture is the ex-officio

President of the ICAR Society Secretary, Department of Agricultural

Research & Education Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. of India & Director-General, ICAR – the Principal Executive Officer of the Council.

Governing Body is the policy-making authority

Agricultural Scientists' Recruitment Board Deputy Directors-General (8) Additional Secretary (DARE) and Secretary

(ICAR)

Additional Secretary and Financial Advisor 24 Assistant Directors-General National Director, National Agricultural Innovation Project Directorate of Information and Publications of Agriculture

ICAR has two bodies The General Body, the supreme authority of the ICAR, is

headed by the Minister of Agriculture, Government of India The Governing Body which is the chief executive and decision

making authority of the ICAR. It is headed by the Director-General.

Milestones 1957: Initiation of the first All-India Co-ordinated Research

Project on maize. 1958: Status of Deemed University accorded to IARI. 1960: Establishment of the first State Agricultural University on

land grant pattern at Pantnagar. 1966: Placement of agricultural research institutes under the

purview of ICAR. 1973: Creation of the Department of Agricultural Research and

Education (DARE) in the Ministry of Agriculture. 1974: Opening of first Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) in Puducherry

. 1975: Establishment of Agricultural Research Service and

Agricultural Scientists' Recruitment Board.

1979: Launching of Lab-to-Land Programme and the National Agricultural Research Project (NARP).

1995: Initiation of institution-village linkage programme (IVLP).

1996: Establishment of National Gene Bank at New Delhi.

Launching of National Agricultural Technology Project (NATP) in 1998 and National Agricultural Innovation Project (NAIP) in 2005

EXTENSION SYSTEM OF SAUs For improving the standard and quality of agricultural education, research and

field extension, agricultural universities were started in each state since 1960. In the field of extension the role of universities are;

1. responsible for conducting training programmes and field trials on the farmers fields to test the research findings and their applicability at field level;

2. extension agency is a feed-back of agricultural universities;

3. acts as a primary source of agricultural information and also undertakes training of extension functionaries of the development departments and education training institutions.

Extension Role of Agricultural Universities

The University Education Commission (1949), headed by Dr. S. Radhakrishnan, recommended the establishment of ‘Rural Universities’ in India.

the first agricultural university came into existence at Pantnagar, Uttaranchal State (erstwhile Uttar Pradesh), in 1960.

The extension role of agricultural universities is presented followed the Report of the Review Committee of Agricultural Universities headed by Dr. M.S. Randhawa (1978).

The role of extension education set-up in the agricultural university should be broadly as follows.

1. Teaching in extension education: To train and produce professionals for teaching research and field extension work and provide dynamic leadership to extension programmes through a should systematic and integrated under-graduate and post-graduate teaching in extension education.

2. Research in extension education: To undertake research on various facets of extension with a view to enriching programme formulation and operation and to develop new methodology and approach for speedy transfer of new technology to farm and farm homes.

Extension of the Agricultural University has to be research oriented and shall perform mainly the following functions-

1. Conduct survey and pinpoint farmers’ problems for research.

2. Conduct adaptive on-farm trial with advance research materials in farmers’ fields.

3. Conduct frontline demonstrations in farmers’ fields on the technologies recommended by research.

4. Provide advisory service to the farmers of the areas.

5. Conduct training programmes for farmers and extension agents.

6. Provide information communication support for extension work.

7. Evaluate the extent to which the project work has been successful and identify deficiencies and problems for further research.

Application of extension education: The field extension work of the Agricultural Universities are

designed to1. Plant, organize and conduct production and problem oriented

training of various types and durations for extension personnel.2. Collect, process and disseminate latest research findings to

extension personnel and extension clientele through appropriate methods and media.

3. Produce information materials and teaching aids for extension personnel, trainers and farmers.

4. Carry out limited frontline demonstration based on latest research findings and to identify field problems are feedback to research departments.

5. Provide effective farm advisory service to farmers, farm youth, extension personnel, bankers, input dealers and manufacturers, voluntary farm organization and other concerned with agricultural development.