EXPRESSING RULESHave to, Don’t / Doesn’t have

to,Can /Can´t / Cannot,

Must, Mustn’t.

Expressing rulesExpressing rules

have to, don’t / doesn’t have to, can, can’t, must, and mustn’t are always folowed by an infinitive verb without “to”, except “have to”.For example:- I have to study today. I don’t have to study today.- I can watch the TV tonight. I can’t watch the TV tonight. (I can to watch the TV tonight)

- I mustn’t talk in class. ( I mustn’t to talk in class)

Características de los Verbos ModalesCaracterísticas de los Verbos Modales

“have to” becomes “has to” with he, she, or it.

For example:

- She has to study today.

- Marita has to visit Judith on Saturday.

- Bruno has to play soccer next time.

- The project has to be excellent.

- Our uniform has to be neat and tidy.

Have to

• We use Have to to express an obligation. It refers to actions that are necessary.

- I have to take a bus to go to school. (It´s necessary to take a bus to get to school)

• Don’t / Doesn’t have to expresses absence of obligation, something that is not necessary to do.

- We don’t have to go to school tomorrow. (It´s not necessary to go to school tomorrow)

Have to (Affirmative)

IYou have to study.HeShe has to study.ItWeYou have to study.They

Have to (Negative)

COMPLETE FORM CONTRACTED FORM

IYou do not have to / don’t have to study.

HeShe does not have to / doesn’t have to study. It

WeYou do not have to / don’t have to study.They

Have to (Questions)

Do/ Does + Subject + have to + vº infinitive + C + ?

Do I have to study English ? you

heDoes she have to study English ?

it

we Do you have to study English ?

they

Have to (Questions)

If there is a Question Word (Wh-) in the interrogative sentence, it goes at the beginning of th esentence.

For example:

Wh- + Do/ Does + Subject + have to + vº infinitive + C + ?

Why does she have to study English?

Have to (Short Answers)

AFFIRMATIVE

Yes, + subject + do/does

Yes, I do. you

he Yes, she does.

it

weYes, you do.

they

NEGATIVE

No, +subject +don’t /doesn’t

No, I don’t you

heNo, she doesn’t

it

weNo, you don’t

they

CAN & CAN’T = CANNOT

1. We use can / can’t / cannot + vº infinitive to express permission.

- I can play in the playground.

- I can’t / cannot eat in class.

- We can´t write on the tables.

- The school van can´t be late for school.

MUSTN’T

• We use Must to express strong obligation and duty.

• Mustn’t expresses strong prohibition.

We must respect the Angelus prayer.

- You mustn’t insult your classmates.