exploring hybrid school bus technology
DESCRIPTION
Exploring Hybrid School Bus Technology. Where it started. And then. http://content.lib.washington.edu/u?/imlswrvm,61. And finally, modern technology. Internal Combustion Engine. Nikolaus August Otto, patented 1876 Incorporated into nearly all private passenger vehicles - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Exploring Hybrid School Bus Technology
Where is Started
And Then
And Finally, Modern Technology
Hybrid Buses - 2/23/17 - ©The NEED Project
Internal Combustion Engine• Nikolaus August Otto, patented 1876• Incorporated into nearly all private passenger
vehicles• Plentiful petroleum led to gasoline• Fuel mixed with air then injected• Uses electric spark for explosion• 250+ million cars now registered in U.S.
Hybrid Buses - 2/23/17 - ©The NEED Project
Diesel Engine• Rudolph Diesel, inventor 1878• Another form of internal combustion engine• Direct fuel injection• No spark plug• Fuel ignites at its flash point• More efficient than gasoline engines of day
Hybrid Buses - 2/23/17 - ©The NEED Project
Current IC Engines• Thermal efficiency (26-34%)• Mechanical efficiency (94%)• Overall efficiency (20%)• Emissions• Particulate matter• NOx
• Sulfur oxides• Carbon monoxide• Carbon dioxide
Most school buses today have diesel engines.
Hybrid Buses - 2/23/17 - ©The NEED Project
Alternatives to Petroleum-based Fuels• Compressed Natural Gas (CNG)• Cleaner because do not emit nitrogen and sulfur oxides, or all the particulate
matter• Still releases carbon dioxide
• Hydrogen fuel cells (used at Vancouver Olympics)• Only emission is water vapor• Lots of energy required to generate hydrogen• Lack of infrastructure• Currently prohibitively expensive
Hybrid Buses - 2/23/17 - ©The NEED Project
Diesel-electric Hybrid• Combines diesel engine and fuel with rechargeable battery
system• Greatly improves miles-per-gallon• Captures energy otherwise lost during braking – ideal for
routes with frequent stops• Somewhat more expensive up-front cost• Long-range savings realized by purchasing less fuel and less
maintenance on engine
Hybrid Buses - 2/23/17 - ©The NEED Project
Parallel Hybrid System
http://www.thomasbus.com/bus-models/green-buses/saf-t-liner-c2-propane.asp
An electric motor/generator mounted between the engine and the transmission generates electric power.
Power is stored in the lithium-ion battery when the bus is coasting or brakes are applied.
The vehicle uses stored energy to add power back
into the transmission
when the throttle is
depressed.
If the hybrid system goes
offline for any reason, the bus
automatically switches back to the conventional
powertrain system.
Hybrid Buses - 2/23/17 - ©The NEED Project
For More InformationThe NEED Project•www.need.org• [email protected]• 1-800-875-5029
Energy Information Administration•U.S. Department of Energy•www.eia.gov
Hybrid Buses - 2/23/17 - ©The NEED Project
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