Exploration and Exploration and SettlementSettlement

Preview ActivityPreview Activity

► Groups of studentsGroups of students► Students walked Students walked

around claiming around claiming furniture with sticky furniture with sticky notesnotes

► One group started One group started before the restbefore the rest

► Other groups rushed to Other groups rushed to catch upcatch up

► First group had 30 First group had 30 sticky notessticky notes

► European countriesEuropean countries► Explorers claiming landExplorers claiming land

with flags.with flags.

► Spain was first with Spain was first with ColumbusColumbus

► Other countries tried to Other countries tried to catch upcatch up

► Spain claimed the most Spain claimed the most land in the new worldland in the new world

GoalsGoals

► Identify the motives behind European Identify the motives behind European explorations to the Americasexplorations to the Americas

►Describe the differences between Describe the differences between Spanish, French, English, and Dutch Spanish, French, English, and Dutch settlements in Americasettlements in America

►Explain how European expansion and Explain how European expansion and settlement affected Native Americans settlement affected Native Americans and West Africansand West Africans

Word Wall WordsWord Wall Words

► PriestsPriests► TrapperTrapper►MissionMission► PresidioPresidio► PuebloPueblo► ColonyColony

► ConquistadorConquistador► SlaverySlavery► PlantationPlantation► Columbian Columbian

ExchangeExchange►New WorldNew World► ExplorersExplorers

People to KnowPeople to Know

► CartierCartier► CabotCabot►HudsonHudson► CoronadoCoronado► CortesCortes► PizarroPizarro► ColumbusColumbus►MinuitMinuit► StuyvesantStuyvesant

► PocahontasPocahontas► John SmithJohn Smith► RolfeRolfe► JolietJoliet►MarquetteMarquette►DeLeonDeLeon► La SalleLa Salle► RaleighRaleigh

RenaissanceRenaissance

► Increased wealth to Increased wealth to pursue arts and pursue arts and educationeducation

►Mid 1300’s to Mid 1300’s to 1600’s experienced 1600’s experienced a rebirtha rebirth

► Science and Science and technologytechnology

RenaissanceRenaissance

Direct trade with AsiaDirect trade with Asia

►Trade with AfricaTrade with Africa►Trade with Asia desirable but Trade with Asia desirable but

expensiveexpensive► Italian monopolyItalian monopoly►Marco PoloMarco Polo►Spread of ChristianitySpread of Christianity►Technology of the Middle AgesTechnology of the Middle Ages

ColumbusColumbus

► From GenoaFrom Genoa► Read Marco PoloRead Marco Polo► Sail west to get to Sail west to get to

ChinaChina► Unknown ocean to Unknown ocean to

the west (est. the west (est. 10,000mi)10,000mi)

► Error in calculation Error in calculation

Columbus in SpainColumbus in Spain

► Ferdinand and IsabellaFerdinand and Isabella► Six year warSix year war► Funded him to compete with PortugalFunded him to compete with Portugal► ““Pearls, precious stones, gold and silver”Pearls, precious stones, gold and silver”► August 3, 1492 set sail with the Nina, Pinta, August 3, 1492 set sail with the Nina, Pinta,

and Santa Maria (larger of three)and Santa Maria (larger of three)►Month passed with no sign of landMonth passed with no sign of land►October 12, 1492 land was sightedOctober 12, 1492 land was sighted

The first explorationsThe first explorations

► Bahama’s and HispaniolaBahama’s and Hispaniola► ““Indians” but no goldIndians” but no gold► 2 months, La Navidad with 2 months, La Navidad with

20 men20 men► TreasuresTreasures► Reaction of EuropeansReaction of Europeans► VisitorsVisitors► Need to convert and exploreNeed to convert and explore

Columbus’s later Columbus’s later explorationsexplorations

►3 more3 more►Navidad destroyedNavidad destroyed►First to see South AmericaFirst to see South America►Could not grow European cropsCould not grow European crops►1502 last voyage with his son1502 last voyage with his son►Shipwrecked and ruinedShipwrecked and ruined►Died unnoticed and unsungDied unnoticed and unsung

How did Spain establish How did Spain establish territorial claims in the territorial claims in the

Caribbean and South America?Caribbean and South America?►Cortes- MexicoCortes- Mexico►Pizarro-PeruPizarro-Peru►Columbus-Caribbean IslandsColumbus-Caribbean Islands

What was life like in the Spanish What was life like in the Spanish Settlements in the Caribbean Settlements in the Caribbean

and South America?and South America?►Looking for goldLooking for gold►Sugar PlantationsSugar Plantations►Need for labor from Native AmericansNeed for labor from Native Americans►Disease killed large numbers of Disease killed large numbers of

NativesNatives►Need for laborers from African slave Need for laborers from African slave

traderstraders

What type of relationship existed What type of relationship existed between Spanish and Native Americans between Spanish and Native Americans

living in the Caribbean and S.Am?living in the Caribbean and S.Am?►Harsh treatment from Cortes on the Harsh treatment from Cortes on the

AztecsAztecs►Pizarro killed the leader of the Incas Pizarro killed the leader of the Incas

even though he gave him the gold he even though he gave him the gold he wantedwanted

►DiseasesDiseases►Slave laborSlave labor►ChangeChange

The ConquistadorsThe Conquistadors

►Conquistador is Spanish for Conquistador is Spanish for conquerorconqueror

►Cortes conquers AztecsCortes conquers Aztecs►Impact of diseaseImpact of disease►Pizarro conquers the IncasPizarro conquers the Incas

De Leon, Coronado, Cortes, De Leon, Coronado, Cortes, PizarroPizarro

How did Spain establish How did Spain establish territorial claims in North territorial claims in North

America?America?►Ponce de Leon discovers Florida in Ponce de Leon discovers Florida in

15131513►Hernando De Soto explores the Hernando De Soto explores the

southeast in 1539southeast in 1539►Coronado is the first European to see Coronado is the first European to see

the Grand Canyon in 1540.the Grand Canyon in 1540.►While in search of the Seven Cities of While in search of the Seven Cities of

Cibola but found seven little pueblosCibola but found seven little pueblos

Cabrillo and CaliforniaCabrillo and California

What types of permanent What types of permanent settlements did the Spanish settlements did the Spanish establish in North America?establish in North America?

►Pueblo- towns usually built upon site of Pueblo- towns usually built upon site of Indian villagesIndian villages

►Missions: established by priests to Missions: established by priests to convert Indians (S.F., El Paso)convert Indians (S.F., El Paso)

►Presidios: military bases on the Presidios: military bases on the frontier (St. Augustine)frontier (St. Augustine)

PresidioPresidio

PuebloPueblo

Spanish MissionSpanish Mission

What type of relationship What type of relationship existed between the Spanish existed between the Spanish

and the Native Americans living and the Native Americans living in N.Am?in N.Am?

► Pueblo people learned about new tools, Pueblo people learned about new tools, grow food, raise sheepgrow food, raise sheep

►Many converted to CatholicismMany converted to Catholicism► Spanish learned new farming techniquesSpanish learned new farming techniques►Harsh treatment of Native Americans for Harsh treatment of Native Americans for

slave laborslave labor► Beating of those who did not convertBeating of those who did not convert►Disease, deathDisease, death► RebellionRebellion

How did France establish How did France establish territorial claims in North territorial claims in North

America?America?►Cartier claimed CanadaCartier claimed Canada►Champlain claimed the trading post of Champlain claimed the trading post of

QuebecQuebec►Marquette and Joliet explored the Marquette and Joliet explored the

Mississippi RiverMississippi River►Robert La Salle claimed LouisianaRobert La Salle claimed Louisiana

Race for EmpiresRace for Empires

► Cartier explores the St. Cartier explores the St. Lawrence river in 1534Lawrence river in 1534

► Religious civil wars Religious civil wars between French between French Catholics and Catholics and HuguenotsHuguenots

► Quebec founded by Quebec founded by Champlain in 1608Champlain in 1608

► First permanent First permanent settlement in the new settlement in the new worldworld

► Champlain is the father Champlain is the father of “New France”of “New France”

What was life like in French What was life like in French settlements in N.Am?settlements in N.Am?

►Fur trappers, or coureur de bois, and Fur trappers, or coureur de bois, and missionaries came to New France.missionaries came to New France.

►Colony failed to growColony failed to grow►Harsh climateHarsh climate►Best land went to nobilityBest land went to nobility►Trading of fursTrading of furs

What was the relationship What was the relationship between the French and Native between the French and Native

Americans living in North Americans living in North America?America?►Business partnersBusiness partners

►Friendly Friendly ►Huron close alliesHuron close allies►Enemies with IroquoisEnemies with Iroquois►Diseases killed manyDiseases killed many

New FranceNew France

►French economy relies heavily on the fur French economy relies heavily on the fur trade in the new worldtrade in the new world

► Indians trapped and traded with the Indians trapped and traded with the FrenchFrench

►Blankets, guns, trinkets, pots, and pansBlankets, guns, trinkets, pots, and pans►Grew slowly Grew slowly ►Pierre Marquette and Joliet explore south Pierre Marquette and Joliet explore south

of Great lakes in 1673 along the of Great lakes in 1673 along the Mississippi RiverMississippi River

How did English establish How did English establish territorial claims in N.America?territorial claims in N.America?

► John Cabot in New FoundlandJohn Cabot in New Foundland►RaleighRaleigh►RoanokeRoanoke► JamestownJamestown

English settlementsEnglish settlements

►New Foundland 1582New Foundland 1582►Sir Walter Raleigh attempts to colonize Sir Walter Raleigh attempts to colonize

off the coast of North Carolina in off the coast of North Carolina in 1585. 1585.

►Establishes the colony of RoanokeEstablishes the colony of Roanoke►Second attempt in 1585 with 150 men Second attempt in 1585 with 150 men

and womenand women

Lost Colony of RoanokeLost Colony of Roanoke

►Spanish Armada delays supply until Spanish Armada delays supply until 15901590

►No settlers found but buildings are No settlers found but buildings are standingstanding

►CROATOANCROATOAN►Unsolved mysteryUnsolved mystery

What was life like in What was life like in Jamestown?Jamestown?

►DifficultDifficult►Swamp area with disease carrying Swamp area with disease carrying

mosquitoesmosquitoes►Laziness from settlersLaziness from settlers► John Smith took over during the John Smith took over during the

starving timestarving time►Native Americans refuse to trade Native Americans refuse to trade

during this timeduring this time

Pocahontas and John SmithPocahontas and John Smith

Settlement at JamestownSettlement at Jamestown

►London Company forms a Joint Stock London Company forms a Joint Stock company after the failure of Roanokecompany after the failure of Roanoke

►April 26April 26thth, 1607, 3 ships and 105 male , 1607, 3 ships and 105 male colonist sail for Americacolonist sail for America

►Adventurers with little skill, disease, salt Adventurers with little skill, disease, salt water, lack of supplies, harsh winterwater, lack of supplies, harsh winter

► John Smith takes control John Smith takes control ►Smith captured and “saved” by Smith captured and “saved” by

PocahontasPocahontas

Powhatan ConfederacyPowhatan Confederacy

►Algonquian IndiansAlgonquian Indians►Brought food, taught how to plant cropsBrought food, taught how to plant crops►Colonist forcefully took supplies from Colonist forcefully took supplies from

time to timetime to time►1609, 400 more settlers came, John 1609, 400 more settlers came, John

Smith back to EnglandSmith back to England►Starving time: winter of 1609 to summer Starving time: winter of 1609 to summer

of 1610 only 60 of 500 colonist surviveof 1610 only 60 of 500 colonist survive

War in VirginiaWar in Virginia

► John Rolfe marries Pocahontas, a John Rolfe marries Pocahontas, a Powhatan chiefs daughterPowhatan chiefs daughter

►Colonist surviving on their own without Colonist surviving on their own without Powhatan, want more land for tobaccoPowhatan, want more land for tobacco

►1622, colonist attack and kill Powhatan 1622, colonist attack and kill Powhatan leaderleader

►Rolfe is killed in retaliation with 350 Rolfe is killed in retaliation with 350 other men, women and childrenother men, women and children

►War continues for 20 yearsWar continues for 20 years

++

How did the Netherlands How did the Netherlands establish territorial claims in establish territorial claims in

North America?North America?►Henry Hudson in present day New York Henry Hudson in present day New York

state and into Canadastate and into Canada►Peter Minuit buys Manhattan islandPeter Minuit buys Manhattan island

What was life like in New What was life like in New Netherland?Netherland?

►Fur tradeFur trade►8,000 people from many nations 8,000 people from many nations

including Africans, Europeans, and including Africans, Europeans, and Jews seeking religious freedomJews seeking religious freedom

►Peter Stuyvesant was the governorPeter Stuyvesant was the governor►English drive the Dutch out and English drive the Dutch out and

rename it New Yorkrename it New York►Capital New AmsterdamCapital New Amsterdam

What type of relationship What type of relationship existed between the Dutch and existed between the Dutch and Native Americans living in New Native Americans living in New

Netherlands?Netherlands?►Friendly with the IroquoisFriendly with the Iroquois►Supplied the Iroquois with guns and Supplied the Iroquois with guns and

weapons to fight the Huronweapons to fight the Huron