Chapters 1 & 2Exploration and Settlement

Summary

Native Americans Land bridge from Asia (Bering Strait) In North America thousands of years Maya, Aztec, Inca European interest in exploration

– Crusades– Renaissance– Monarchs financed voyages of discovery– Portugal – Prince Henry the Navigator (school

for navigators)

Spain, France, England When? Why? Where? How?

Spain 3 G’s – Gold, God, Glory Portuguese had already found routes around Africa

– Bartholomew Dias – S. Africa– Vasco da Gama – S. Africa to India

Columbus – financed by Ferdinand and Isabella– 1492 to San Salvador (Bahamas); 3 more trips– Thought he was in the Indies

de Soto – Florida, Mississippi Coronado - Southwest Cortez – Aztecs, Pizarro – Incas Conquistadors

Scientific Advancements

CARAVEL – Ship that needed little wind, could handle extended travel

ASTROLABE – Determined LATITUDE on the globe via stars

COMPASS – Determined direction from magnetic North

Columbus

Spain Caribbean, Central

& S. America, Southern U.S.

Catholic missions, presidios (forts), disease, weapons, horses; harsh treatment of native population

Spain Mestizos – mix of

Spanish and Indian Columbian

Exchange – goods & products between Europe and the Americas

St. Augustine – first U.S. settlement (1565)

France Believed in Northwest Passage

to Asia Settled Northeast, Canada,

Louisiana (New Orleans – military base)

Fur trade with Indians – better relations; didn’t take their land

Champlain (Quebec) Quebec established to keep out

rivals

Chapter 2.3 – 2.5

Textbook information begins here

England Defeat of Spanish Armada 1588 Also believed in the N.W. Passage Roanoke – first attempt unsuccessful Charter (grant of permission) – from king Virginia Company - Joint Stock Company –

investors (profit) Jamestown, VA - 1607 – Capt. John Smith Powhatan – assisted colonists; traded http://www.history.com/shows/america-the-story-of-

us/videos/life-in-jamestown

Types of Colonies Joint - Stock – Investors/company (for

profit) Proprietary – Individual, small group Royal – King (most became royal)

Southern – VA cont. Many hardships – starvation & disease John Smith – made colonists work Pocahontas – helped colonists House of Burgesses - First legislative body

– Represents colonial commitment to representative government (Parliament) and democracy

John Rolfe – Tobacco, cash crop, saved VA http://www.history.com/shows/america-the-st

ory-of-us/videos/the-value-of-tobacco

Southern - VA Headright System – 50 free acres if you paid

your passage; attracted MANY to VA Bacon’s Rebellion – western farmers against

Gov. Berkeley

– Poor farmers wouldn’t tolerate govt. catering only to the rich; taxes reduced

– Wanted protection from Indians

– Eventually failed

– **Turned more to slavery; revolutionary spirit

Southern cont. Maryland – Lord Baltimore (proprietary) Refuge for Catholics Maryland Toleration Act – religious freedom Many Protestants came Carolina split into North & South Carolina -

Proprietary Charleston – King Charles (main southern

city)

Southern Cont. Georgia – James Oglethorpe Haven for debtors, buffer zone

(Spanish FL) Most were poor traders & artisans No slaves, alcohol, gambling VIRGINIA, MARYLAND, NORTH

CAROLINA, SOUTH CAROLINA, GEORGIA

New England Separatists – Pilgrims – 1620 – Plymouth

(Massachusetts) – William Bradford Mayflower (Compact) – agreed to obey laws;

self government – founding principle Puritans – religious dissidents John Winthrop – governor of Massachusetts

Bay Colony Salvation through moral lives; strict Town meetings – basis of representative govt. Education important – read Bible (Harvard – 1st

college)

New England cont. Salem Witch Trials Did not practice religious toleration Dissidents Roger Williams (Rhode Island), Anne

Hutchinson banished, RI & CT more tolerant – Baptists, Quakers, Jews

Puritans viewed Indians as lazy savages Pequot War – Puritans attacked and killed village –

women, kids, etc. Very brutal. Halfway Covenant – loosened requirements for

Church membership which was declining

New England cont. King Philip’s War (Chief Metacom)

Indians defeated and lost most land in New England

Virtually destroyed Indians Others: Connecticut, New Hampshire MASSACHUSETTS, RHODE ISLAND,

NEW HAMPSHIRE, CONNECTICUT

Middle Colonies Dutch – New Netherlands Hudson River - New Amsterdam (NY) England took over – established New York,

New Jersey Delaware – Sweden and Finland; trade,

farming Pennsylvania – William Penn, proprietor Quakers – tolerant, refused to bear arms,

equality of women

Middle cont. Most diverse colonies

– Economically – trade, farming, etc. Diverse population (nationalities) Religious toleration

NEW YORK, NEW JERSEY, DELAWARE, PENNSYLVANIA