238 E. Biological Oceanography OLR (1986) 33 (3)

300 m by day. Biomass shoaled during periods of high concentrations of near-surface plant biomass associated with spring restratification of the upper ocean. WHOI, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.

E90 . S a r g a s s u m a n d s y m b i o n t s (also sim- ilar communities)

86:1635 Peckol, P. and J. Ramus, 1985. Physiological dif-

ferentiation of North Carolina nearshore and offshore populations of Sm~ssum ff//pendu/a C. Ag. Botanica mar., 28(8):319-325. Dept. of Botany, Univ. of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.

86:1636 Zeng, Chengkui and Baoren Lu, 1985. A new

$wpssum from the East Chin* Sea: S. nigrJ- roloides sp.aov. Oceanologia Limnol. sin., 16(3): 169-173. (In Chinese, English abstract.) Inst. of Oceanol., Acad. Sin., Qindao, People's Republic of China.

El00. Nekton (communities; also fish, rep- tiles, mammals)

86:1637 Kingsley, M.C.S., I. Stifling and W. Calvert, 1985.

Tha dlslribution a~l a b u n d ~ of seals in the Canmilan High Arctic, 1980.-82. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci, 42(6): 1189-1210. Arctic Management Res., Dept. of Fish. and Oceans, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada.

86:1638 Leis, J.M., 1984. Larval fish dispersal and the East

Paeifle Barrier. Oceanographic trop, ORSTOM, 19(2):181-192.

Indirect evidence indicates that transpacific fishes do have potential for pelagic dispersal---presence of pelagic eggs and/or larval or juvenile stages, pelagic stage size and pelagic stage duration; however, direct evidence is weak. Positions of some islands and submerged ridges and fossil corals on ridges support the vicasiance alternative. Thus it appears that 'neither the dispersal nor the vicariance hypothesis can be confirmed or rejected.' Australian Mus., P.O. Box A285, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia. (ahm)

E l 1 0 . B o t t o m c o m m u n i t i e s

86:1639 Duggins, D.O. and M.N. Dethier, 1985. Experi-

mental studies of berbivory and algal COml~tition in a low intertidal habitat. Oecologia, 67(2):183- 191.

Investigations on the relationship of a common herbivore (the chiton, Katharina tunicata) to algae and other herbivores show that removal of Katharina, even in the presence of other grazers, resulted in reduced grazing pressure on a variety of algae, leading initially to growth of morphologically simple algae, followed by the more complex types such as kelps. Inhibition of smaller plants by kelps, and control of the algal population by physical disturbances (even in the absence of grazing), were also observed. Friday Harbor Labs, Univ. of Wash- ington, Friday Harbor, WA 98250, USA. (gsb)

86:1640 Kennedy, V.S., 1985. A sammer benthic survey in

Conception Bay, Newfoundland, emphasizing zoegeogrsphy of mmellds and amphil~dls. Can. J. Zool, 63(8): 1863-1869.

In a relatively shallow (62-79 m), soft-bottom region with low bottom water and sediment temperatures, annelids and amphipods were the common inver- tebrates collected, with annelids being more numer- ous, both in numbers of individuals and species, and mostly boreal-temperate. Deposit-feeding annelids outnumbered carnivores, with subsurface deposit feeders more abundant than surface feeders. Sed- entary individuals predominated. Detritivorous am- phipods (arctic-boreal) predominated, followed by scrapers and scavengers; nearly all were burrowers. Molluscs were small and uncommon. Univ. of Maryland, Box 775, Cambridge, MD 21613, USA.

86:1641 Rudnick, D.T., R. Elmgren and J.B. Frithsen, 1985.

Meiofaanal prominence and benthic seasomdity in a coastal marine ecosystem. Oecologia, 67(2): 157-168.

Meiofaunal abundance, biomass, and seasonality are reported for a shallow (7 m) mud site in Narra- gansett Bay, Rhode Island, where the average meiofaunal content was seventeen times the world- wide average. While the high abundances are attributed mainly to differences in experimental technique, high labile organic availability from diatom detritus, and spatial segregation of meio- fauna and macrofauna may also promote abun- dance. Similar meiofaunal and macrofaunal seasonal cycles, characterized by springtime increases, are suggested to be dependent on phytoplankton detritus