experimental monitoring at secarb’s citronelle field site

Experimental Monitoring at SECARB’s Experimental Monitoring at SECARB’s Citronelle Field SiteCitronelle Field Site

(C i t CO(C i t CO EOREOR j t !)j t !)(Coming soon to a CO(Coming soon to a CO22‐‐EOREOR project near you!)project near you!)Prepared For: Prepared For:

Surveillance and Monitoring of COSurveillance and Monitoring of CO22 Injection Projects Short CourseInjection Projects Short Course

Prepared By:Prepared By:George J. Koperna Jr.George J. Koperna Jr.

ADVANCED RESOURCES INTERNATIONAL, INC.ADVANCED RESOURCES INTERNATIONAL, INC.

December 11 2013December 11 2013December 11, 2013December 11, 2013

AcknowledgementAcknowledgementThis presentation is based upon work supported by the Department of EnergyNational Energy Technology Laboratory under DE‐FC26‐05NT42590 and wasprepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United Statesprepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United StatesGovernment. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, norany of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes anylegal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of anyi f ti t d t di l d t th t itinformation, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its usewould not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specificcommercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, orotherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement,recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agencythereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarilystate or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.

2 CO2 Flooding Short Course SP121113

Storage OverviewStorage Overview

Th CO t it t Al b P ’

Project Schedule and MilestonesProject Schedule and Milestones

The CO2 capture unit at Alabama Power’s(Southern Co.) Plant Barry became operationalin 3Q 2011.

A newly built (4”) 12 mile CO pipeline fromA newly built (4 ) 12 mile CO2 pipeline fromPlant Barry to the Citronelle Dome completedin 4Q 2011.

A characterization well was drilled in 1Q 2011A characterization well was drilled in 1Q 2011to confirm geology.

Injection wells were drilled in 3Q 2011.

100k – 300k metric tons of CO2 will be injectedinto a saline formation began 3Q 2012.

3 years of post-injection monitoring


3 years of post-injection monitoring.

Injection/Storage Site GeologyInjection/Storage Site Geology

• Proven four‐way closure at Citronelle Dome

• Injection site located within Citronelle oilfield where existing well logs are available

l ( f )• Deep injection interval (9,400 ft)• Numerous confining units • Base of USDWs ~1,400 feet• Existing wells cemented through• Existing wells cemented through primary confining unit

• No evidence of faulting or fracturing based on oilfieldfracturing, based on oilfield experience, new geologic mapping and reinterpretation of existing 2D seismic lines.


Injection/Storage Site GeologyInjection/Storage Site Geology

The The PaluxyPaluxy is a complex, is a complex, multimulti‐‐layered, fluvial layered, fluvial sandstone depositsandstone deposit


sandstone depositsandstone deposit

Barry Carbon Capture Project OverviewBarry Carbon Capture Project Overview


COCO22 Stream CompositionStream CompositionCO2 Stream composition data (%)CO2 O2 N2 Total

Nov‐13 99.968 0.003 0.029 100Oct‐13 99.971 0.002 0.027 100Sep‐13 99.950 0.007 0.043 100Aug‐13 99 984 0 003 0 013 100Aug 13 99.984 0.003 0.013 100Jul‐13 99.893 0.031 0.076 100Jun‐13 99.893 0.031 0.076 100May‐13 99.976 0.003 0.021 100Apr‐13 99.977 0.003 0.020 100Mar‐13 99.977 0.003 0.020 100Feb‐13 99.977 0.003 0.020 100Jan 13 99 978 0 004 0 018 100Jan‐13 99.978 0.004 0.018 100Dec‐12 99.981 0.016 0.003 100Nov‐12 99.984 0.014 0.002 100Oct‐12 99.984 0.014 0.002 100


Sep‐12 99.979 0.011 0.010 100Aug‐13 99.975 0.004 0.021 100

average 99.965 0.010 0.025

Project Objectives Project Objectives

1. Support the United States’ largest commercial prototype CO2 capture and transportationdemonstration with injection, monitoring and storage activities;

2. Test the CO2 flow, trapping and storage mechanisms of the Paluxy Formation, a regionally extensiveGulf Coast saline formation;;

3. Demonstrate how a saline reservoir’s architecture can be used to maximize CO2 storage andminimize the areal extent of the CO2 plume;

4. Test the adaptation of commercially available oil field tools and techniques for monitoring CO2storage (e g VSP cross‐well seismic cased‐hole neutron logs tracers pressure etc );storage (e.g., VSP, cross well seismic, cased hole neutron logs, tracers, pressure, etc.);

5. Test experimental CO2 monitoring activities, where such technologies hold promise for futurecommercialization;

6. Begin to understand the coordination required to successfully integrate all four components(capture transport injection and monitoring) of the project; and


(capture, transport, injection and monitoring) of the project; and7. Document the permitting process for all aspects of a CCS project.

Wells and Injection FacilitiesWells and Injection Facilities


Pressure & Injection Rate ResponsePressure & Injection Rate Response

D 9‐8 #2

D 4‐14D 4‐14

D 4‐13

In Zone CO2 Injection

D 4‐13AboveConfinement


Spinner SurveysSpinner SurveysSand Nov 2012 Aug 2013 Oct 2013Unit Bottom Top Thickness Flow % Flow % Flow %

Sand Unit Properties (ft)

J 9,454 9,436 18 14.8 18.7 16.7I 9,474 9,460 14 8.2 20.4 19.6H 9,524 9,514 10 2.8 7.4 7.7G 9,546 9,534 12 2.7 2.1 0.9, ,F 9,580 9,570 10 0.0 1.2 1.2E 9,622 9,604 18 26.8 23.5 30.8D 9,629 9,627 2 0.0 0.0 0.0C 9 718 9 698 20 16 5 11 8 10 3C 9,718 9,698 20 16.5 11.8 10.3B 9,744 9,732 12 4.9 0.6 0.4A 9,800 9,772 28 23.3 14.3 12.4


DownDown‐‐Select from Cranfield & Frio Select from Cranfield & Frio ExperienceExperienceExperienceExperienceMotivationMotivation: : • Storage sites will use dedicated monitoring wells. • Maximize efficient use of available boreholes for semi‐permanent

monitoring

Measurements of Interest: Measurements of Interest: • Pressure*• Temperature • Fluid Sampling*• Wireline logs • Geophyiscal Monitoring

Seismic: active source Vertical Seismic Profile, Walk‐away, Experimental MBM fiber optic


* Requires perforations and packer for zonal isolation when deployed inside casing

MBM Design: FlatMBM Design: Flat‐‐Pack & Geophone Pack & Geophone


Deployment of MBM Deployment of MBM

Tubing Tubing Deployment Allows Deployment Allows for for WirelineWireline AccessAccess::• 4 element flatpack• 4‐element flatpack

• 18‐level Geophone cable (15, 1D and 3, 3D)

Hydraulic clamps for Geophones Hydraulic clamps for Geophones

Clamp in tubing/casing annulus

• Dual mandrel hydraulic packer• Dual mandrel hydraulic packer

• Non‐rotating overshot connection for coupling to 450’ bottom assembly

• Avoids splices at packer


Deployment of MBM Deployment of MBM (Cont’d) (Cont’d)

RUNRUN--IN DATAIN DATAB dli 7 t l li i• Bundling 7 control lines in a polypropylene-jacketed flatpack

• Non-rotating off-center overshot to couple the uphole, dual-mandrel hydroset packer assemblyy

• Packer landed at ~9,400 feet (2,865 m)Completion depth was 9 850• Completion depth was 9,850 feet (3,002 m)

• Required four – 24 hour-a-day

Packer


operations to install.

Relative Costs ($1,000s)Relative Costs ($1,000s)

• Engineering Design $250*• Hardware $500*• Deployment $600p y $• Consulting and Labor (E) $ 75

• Total $1,425


*funded by the CO2 Capture Project and performed byLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

DD‐‐99‐‐8#2 8#2 DownholeDownhole SRO Gauge SRO Gauge DataData


Processed shots at seven locations for the three timeProcessed shots at seven locations for the three time‐‐lapse surveyslapse surveysSubtle changes are observed within injection area at some locationsSubtle changes are observed within injection area at some locations

2012/05 2013/05 2013/08

D11‐1 D9‐6 D9‐3 D4‐15 D9‐1 D9‐9 D9‐10

2012/05 2013/05 2013/08 2012/05 2013/05 2013/08 2012/05 2013/05 2013/08 2012/05 2013/05 2013/08 2012/05 2013/05 2013/08 2012/05 2013/05 2013/08

Consistency from vintage to vintage suggest seismic time lapse processing has potential for repeatability and mapping

The presence of noise and changes in

Shots to the west have larger potential to map changes at injection zone due to their location wrt injector

The presence of noise and changes in acquisition conditions may prevent fully delineating changes due to injection

18 CO2 Flooding Short Course SP12111312/4/2013

INJECTION AREATop Perforation Depth (blue)Bottom Perforation Depth (red)

their location wrt injector

Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS)Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS)

DAS allows seismic monitoring with fiber optic DAS allows seismic monitoring with fiber optic • Sensitivity less than standard geophone but• Sensitivity less than standard geophone, but • Spatial sampling and ease of deployment much greater


Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS)Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS)• VSP data ‘piggy‐back’ on standard acquisition • Initial data quality insufficient – greater source effort needed • Benefit: 3,000 sensors versus 18


Fiber Optic Distributed Temperature Fiber Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS)Sensing (DTS)Sensing (DTS)Sensing (DTS)


UU‐‐tube & Other Methodologies tube & Other Methodologies

A.A. GasGas‐‐LiftLift– Samples had the highest pH indicating

possible loss of dissolved gas– Sampling method should be limited to major

and unreactive solutesB.B. PumpingPumping

− Relatively high Fe concentrations compared to other methods, showing evidence of contamination or geochemical changes in samples

− Sampling method should be limited to major and unreactive solutes

C.C. KusterKuster Sampler:Sampler:− Field measurements of initial pH had the p

lowest value− Geochemical data consistent in repeated

samplingD.D. UU‐‐tube:tube:


− In general, sample results are comparable to the Kuster method

$$core Cardcore Card• Continuous SRO Pressure and Temperature

– Provides reliable and ongoing injection performance data– Eliminates MRO gauge runs ($10K)

• Permanent Geophone Installation– Provides opportunity for time‐lapse seismic

l d d l h ($ )– Eliminates need to deploy geophone strings ($150K)• Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS)

– Provides opportunity for seismic across wellboreEli i t d f h d l t ($150K)– Eliminates need for geophone deployment ($150K)

• Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS)– Provides temperature profile across wellbore

Eliminates need for temperature surveys ($10K)– Eliminates need for temperature surveys ($10K) • In‐situ Fluid Sampling

– Provides access to reservoir fluid sampling as needed ($12K)• Recouped >$500K and counting


• Recouped >$500K and counting

ContactContactOffice Locations

Washington, DC4501 Fairfax Drive Suite 9104501 Fairfax Drive, Suite 910Arlington, VA 22203 Phone: (703) 528‐8420Fax: (703) 528‐0439

Houston, TX,11931 Wickchester Ln., Suite 200Houston, TX 77043Phone: (281) 558‐9200Fax: (281) 558‐9202

illKnoxville, TN111 N. Central Street, Suite 7Knoxville, TN 37902 Phone: (865) 541‐4690Fax: (865) 541‐4688

Cincinnati, OH1282 Secretariat CourtBatavia, OH 45103Phone: (513) 460‐0360Email: scarpenter@adv‐res.com


experimental monitoring at secarb’s citronelle field site

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