Exercise is Medicine Ontario Student Research Conference

June 23 – 24, 2016

Hosted by Exercise is Medicine on Campus Western University Canada

Participant Conference Package

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Table of Contents

Letter from Exercise is Medicine Canada……………….………………………………………2

Letter from Exercise is Medicine on Campus at Western……………………………………….3

Keynote Speaker…………………………………………………………………………………4

Guest Speakers…………………………………………………………………………………...5

Conference Information

Conference Fees………………………………………………………………………….6

Presentation Guidelines…………………………………………………………………..6

Activity Descriptions……………………………………………………………………..7

Conference Attire…………………………………………………………………………7

One-Night Stay Options at Western Residences………………………………………….7

Conference Address……………………………………………………………………….8

Conference Itinerary (Presentation Order)………………………………………………………...9

Universities Represented………………………………………………………………………...15

Campus Map……………………………………………………………………………………..16

Schools Represented……………………………………………………………………………..17

Final Conference Abstracts………………………………………………………………………18

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June 23, 2016

Dear Delegate;

Welcome to the first ever, provincial, student led Exercise is Medicine Canada (EIMC) research conference! What an exciting opportunity to share research related to exercise and health, and to share our collective experiences promoting the EIMC vision and goals on our respective campuses.

Your decision to become involved with EIMC on Campus at your school shows your passion for knowledge acquisition and dissemination, and your concern for the health of your fellow students and your communities. As the future health and exercise leaders of our country, you will discover and share the principles of EIMC that will help change the landscape of chronic disease prevention and management in Canada. The knowledge gained through this conference, and others to follow, will help EIMC will grow and develop this innovative leadership opportunity for future generations of students. Congratulations to the EIMC on Campus @Western University student and faculty organizers, and our very best wishes to all for a successful conference.

Susan Yungblut, BScPT, MBA Jonathon Fowles, PhD, CSEP-­­CEP

Director, Exercise is Medicine Canada Chair, EIMC Advisory Council #370-18 LOUISA ST OTTAWA ON K1R 6Y6 | 1 877 651 3755 | T 613 234 3755

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| F 613 234 3565

Dear Conference Attendee,

Exercise is Medicine on Campus at Western University would like to welcome you to the

very first Exercise is Medicine Ontario Student Research Conference. We are looking forward to

meeting you in London, Ontario on June 23rd 2016.

This conference package will provide you with all the information you need to prepare

for your travel and stay at Western. Please find enclosed details on your oral presentation,

options for staying overnight at a Western University residence, details on the conference fees,

the conference itinerary and descriptions for all of the exciting events we have planned for you.

We hope that this conference will serve as an excellent opportunity for students to share their

research, network with students across Ontario and engage in the Exercise is Medicine initiative.

Western University is known for its excellent student experience and beautiful campus.

We hope to share these aspects of our institution with you over the two days you will be

spending here. If you have any questions as you review the conference package please do not

hesitate to email eimcwsc@gmail.com.

We are very much looking forward to hearing your presentation. Thank you for

submitting an abstract to the Exercise is Medicine on Campus Ontario Student Research

Conference.

Kind regards,

EIMC @ Western University

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Introducing our Keynote Speaker: Dr. Robert Petrella, MD, PhD. Dr. Petrella is the new Beryl and Richard Ivey Research Chair in Aging, Rehabilitation, and Geriatric Care (ARGC) at the University of Western Ontario, as well as, Program Leader for ARGC at the Lawson Health Research Institute. He is Medical Director of the Canadian Centre for Activity and Aging, Past President of the Canadian Coaltion for High Blood Pressure Prevention and Control. Dr. Petrella holds a CIHR Chair in "Healthy Lifestyles: Healthy Aging" and is a Clinical Specialist in Hypertension with the American Society of Hypertension. He is a Professor in the Departments of Family Medicine, Medicine (Divison of Cardiology), as well as, Physical Medicine and

Rehabilitation of the Schulich School of Medicine, and School of Medicine, and School of Kinesiology at the University of Western Ontario.

Dr. Petrella's research interests include laboratory and community-based study of the determinants of lifestyle intervention in cardiovascular disease prevention, management and control. He holds research funding from various agencies including the CIHR, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada, NSERC, Health Canada's Population Health Fund and the Canadian Diabetes Association, and has over 100 original publications in peer-reviewed journals. Dr. Petrella is an internal committee member for CIHR Rx &D, and Steering Committee member for Heart and Stroke Foundation's AIM program and the Canadian Hypertension Education Program (CHEP). He was Principal Investigator for the SNAC (Staged Nutrition and Activity Counseling Trial), which is a fully accredited educational activity of the College of Family Physicians of Canada. Dr. Petrella has been active as a co-investigator in many hypertension outcomes trials as well as involved in many national and international committees including consensus conferences in hypertension, diabetes, osteoarthritis and physical activity including the launch of Canada's Guide for Physical Activity.

Dr. Petrella has been actively involved with Exercise is Medicine at the national and international level. He brings to us the perspectives physicians have on the Exercise is Medicine initiative.

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Introducing our Honorary Guest Speakers:

Dr. Lindsey Forbes, C.Psych

Dr. Lindsey Forbes obtained her PhD in Clinical Psychology from Western University in 2008 and has worked in private practice since that time. She is registered with the College of Psychologists of Ontario, holds an Adjunct Faculty appointment in the Department of Psychology at Western University, has completed continuing education in sport psychology, and is a member of the Association for Applied Sport Psychology. In her clinical practice, she works with individuals to help them perform at their very best - in sport, school, and daily life. This year, she began offering a new group intervention (the MOODment program) to increase awareness of the mental health benefits of

exercise and to assist individuals to incorporate regular exercise as a tool to manage stress and anxiety and to boost their mood and well-being. Out of the office, she has been a long-distance runner since 2002 and some of her favourite physical challenges have included: Completing her 1st marathon, hiking the Inca Trail to Machu Picchu, hiking the 170K Tour du Mont Blanc, and learning to scuba dive. She loves being able to combine her personal passion for sport and exercise with her clinical work with clients. Dr. Michelle F. Mottola, PhD FACSM

Dr. Mottola is a Professor with a Joint Position in the School of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Sciences and the Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, in the Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry at Western. She is also the Director of the R. Samuel McLaughlin Foundation – Exercise and Pregnancy Lab, which is the only lab in North America that specializes in the area of exercising pregnant and postpartum women. She is a Scientist of the Children’s Health Research Institute and a Fellow of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM). She was just elected (2016-17 term) to the Board of Trustees representing Basic and Applied Science for the American College of Sports Medicine. She is an anatomist (embryologist) and exercise physiologist who has conducted research

on the effects of maternal exercise on both the mother and the developing fetus, with follow up into the postpartum period. Her research has led to a co-authorship on the PARmed-X for Pregnancy, which contains Canadian exercise guidelines for pregnant women, published by the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiologists (CSEP) and Health Canada and endorsed by the Society of Obstetricians & Gynecologists of Canada (SOGC). She currently has CIHR Knowledge Translation funding to update the Canadian Clinical Practice Guidelines for Exercise During Pregnancy. Dr. Mottola participated in the Expert Medical Panel for the International Olympic Committee (one of 2 Canadians invited) and she recently returned from Washington, DC where she was invited to serve as a member of the Expert Research Panel for the American Heart Association to present her evidence-based research on “Pregnancy and Maternal Health”. She has received over $2.5 million for research on exercise during pregnancy and has published over 75 papers on this topic. She has given over 150 invited talks in the area of exercise during pregnancy or postpartum. Her current research focuses on the impact of a healthy lifestyle during pregnancy on chronic disease risks such as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease for both mother and her offspring. She is actively involved with Exercise is Medicine, and encourages exercise to be prescribed to special population groups.

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Conference Information

1. Conference Fees

All conference attendees must pay a conference fee. Your fee covers costs for food (two breakfasts and two lunches), activities, conference building fees and cover for the evening conference social (19+ event). Until May 30th you may purchase the early bird price ($45.00). After this time, fees will be ($55.00). Conference presenters must pay their registration fees no later than June 10th 2016. After this time if you have not paid, your abstract will be removed. Please pay fees as soon as possible as your payment will serve as your confirmation for your presentation. Fees can be made by following this link:

https://www.eventbrite.ca/e/exercise-is-medicine-student-conference-tickets-22460119823

2. Presentation Guidelines

Please note the following for your presentation:

x Presenters will have a maximum of 10 minutes to present, followed by 3 minutes for questions

x All presentation will be timed, presenters exceeding the 10 minute mark will be respectfully asked to conclude

x Presenters will have access to Power Point display only and a microphone

x All presenters must bring their presentation on a portable USB device

x Presentation time slots are absolute

x Please note on the conference itinerary the time slot for your presentation but also, please note what time you will be asked to come and upload your presentation

x We kindly ask all presenters to attend all other presentations to assure everyone is given a fair and attentive audience

x Your abstracts which were previously submitted will be published on the Exercise is Medicine Canada webpage after the conference

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3. Activity Descriptions

This conference provides many unique and interactive activities for all attendees to participate in:

EIM Canada Presentation and BBQ Lunch: Exercise is Medicine Canada director, Susan Yungblut, will be attending the full conference. She will be providing a national update and information on EIM during a catered outdoor BBQ lunch courtesy of the Bank of Montreal. Your conference registration badge which your will receive upon arrival will be your ticket to attend this BBQ.

Guided Campus Walk To get to our outdoor BBQ lunch, you will have the opportunity to take a guided tour of Western University’s campus.

Urban Poling We are very excited to have representation from Urban Poling at our conference. They will be providing an interactive workshop followed by the opportunity to pol across the Western campus.

EIM Provincial Workshop This is a key part of our conference. All attendees will engage in a workshop to create the next big Exercise is Medicine event that we can then take back to our respective universities and work towards. This workshop will allow Exercise is Medicine on Campus chapters to work together, learn from one another and work towards a common goal. This is a great way to get involved not only with your own campus but on a province-wide initiative. And keeping in mind, the scope of Exercise is Medicine is international. This is a unique and exciting opportunity!

4. Conference Attire

The conference attire is business casual however we encourage you to bring active footwear, and clothing to participate in the Urban Polling activity. We will also be selling Exercise is Medicine t-shirts, and email will be sent to you with order forms.

5. Staying in London – Western University

Western University provides affordable one-night stay options at a university residence, Ontario Hall. One-night stay options are as low as $65.00. The residence is a 5 minute walk from the building in which the conference will be taking place. Please follow this link to book your stay: http://www.stayatwestern.ca/reservations.cfm

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6. Conference Location

Western University Canada 1151 Richmond Street London, Ontario Canada N6A 397 The conference will be taking place in the International and Graduate Affairs Building (Atrium). Please see the end of the package for a campus map, for a clearer image please follow the link below. There will be signs up around campus, however we encourage you to arrive early to assure you have enough time to check into your stay location and find the conference building. Parking on campus is not covered (unless you are staying at a Western residence). All attendees will be getting a free London public transit bus pass and London city maps. Western maps: http://www.geography.uwo.ca/campusmaps/

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Conference Day 1: June 23rd 2016

9:00am – 9:30am Registration and refreshments First round of presenters, please upload your presentations at this time.

9:30am – 9:45am Welcoming Remarks Exercise is Medicine on Campus at Western, Conference Committee Dr. Lorraine Davies, PhD. Vice Provost School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies Introduction to Keynote Speaker

9:45am – 10:20am Keynote Dr. Robert Petrella, MD, PhD Exercise is Medicine from the perspective of a physician

10:20am – 10:30am Active Break

10:30am – 12:00pm First Round of Presentations

1. Alexis Lajambe, Lakehead University – An investigation of the “PLAY” tool as a universally applicable fundamental movement assessment protocol.

2. Priynka Patil, Western University – Promoting benefits of physical activity through persuasive communication.

3. Samer Hassan, Wilfrid Laurier University – Neuromuscular adaptations to sprint interval training (SIT): A thesis proposal.

4. Laura Castellani, Guelph University – Acute exercise protects against olanzapine-induced hyperglycemia in male C57BLL6J mice.

5. Nigel Kurgan, Brock University – The effect of training for a year on inflammation and bone metabolism in the Canadian female national rowing team.

6. Alexandra Harriss, Western University - We know that soccer has a high rate of concussions, but how large and numerous are the head impacts?

12:00pm – 12:20pm Campus Walk Guided walk through Western University to our BBQ lunch location

12:20pm – 1:20pm Exercise is Medicine Presentation and BBQ Lunch BBQ Lunch at the Western University Graduate Club Presentation during lunch – Susan Yungblut, EIM Canada Director Second round of presenters, will exit just before lunch ends to upload presentations.

1:20pm – 1:30pm Guided Walk to Return to Conference Building

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1:30pm – 3:00pm Second Round of Presentations

1. Steven Guirguis, Western University – The acute effects of exercise and nicotine on working memory.

2. Rheanna Bulten, The University of Toronto – Body under attack: The Untold stories of autoimmune inflammatory disease in sport.

3. Tiffany vanLieshout, McMaster University – The impact of exercise on protein arginine methyltransferase expression in skeletal muscle.

4. Jean-Christian Gagnon, University of Ottawa – In depth analysis of physical activity counselling sessions: Investigating the techniques applied in a motivational interviewing-based behaviour change intervention promoting physical activity.

5. Taniya Nagpal, Western University – Exercise as a vital sign on campus: Evaluation of exercise is medicine from the perspective of fitness professionals.

6. Céline Girard, Queens University – Investigating the progression of knee function during ACL rehabilitation.

3:00pm – 3:50pm Poling Activity Learn how to Pol across the Western University campus Facilitated by Urban Poling Third round of presenters will leave activity earlier to upload presentations.

4:00pm – 5:30pm Third Round of Presentations 1. Karishma Hosein, Western University – Behaviour change intervention strategies to prevent excessive gestational weight gain using a nutrition and exercise lifestyle intervention program (NELIP) in obese pregnant women.

2. Angelica Blais, University of Ottawa – Looking at the physical and psychosocial outcomes of an after-school physical activity intervention for children with congenital heart disease.

3. Kate Nelson, Brock University – The effect of high impact exercise on serum levels of sclerostin in pre and postmenopausal women.

4. Lauren Crutchlow, Western University – Acute effects of watching TV during submaximal aerobic exercise on affect.

5. Ryan Reid, McGill University – Cadence patterns in bariatric patients long-term post-surgery.

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6. Robert Talaric, Queens University – Unravelling the compositional effects of time spent in sleep, sedentary behaviour and physical activity on cardiovascular risk factors among children.

7. Yingyi Lin, Queens University - Temporal and bi-directional relationships between active outdoor play and nocturnal sleep patterns among 10 to 13-year-old children

5:30pm – 5:35pm End of Day Remarks Join us for the conference evening social at The Ceeps at 8:30pm in Downtown London

Conference Day 2: June 24th 2016

8:30am – 9:00am Breakfast Breakfast will be served promptly at 8:30am before the first session begins First round of presenters, please upload your presentations at this time

9:00am – 9:25am Guest Speaker Dr. Lindsey Forbes, C.Psych Incorporating exercise in her practice as a psychologist

9:25am – 9:30am 5 Minutes Active Break

9:30am – 11:30am First Round of Presentations 1. Stephanie Saunders, University of Ottawa – Claiming ownership of one’s health: Group-based exercise to live well after breast cancer.

2. Kylie Dempster, Brock University – Cardiovascular and cognitive responses to isometric handgrip exercise training in hypertensive adults.

3. Oksana Wankiewicz, University of Toronto – Effects of stroke characteristics in 3-min all-out rowing test.

4. Brittany McEachern, Queen’s University – Exercise is Medicine Canada on campus casebook: Investigating the development, composition and experiences of Exercise Medicine Canada on campus groups.

2 Minutes Active Break

5. Siobhan Smith, Western University – The effects of dynamic sitting and standing desks on classroom performance on university students.

6. Gillian Williams, Queens University – Children’s active transportation to school and other destinations.

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7. Andrew Hanna, Western University – Prescribing exercise as medicine in Ontario medical schools

11:30am – 1:00pm Exercise is Medicine Workshop and Lunch All conference attendees will engage in an interactive workshop. The goal of the workshop will be to potentially develop a provincial Exercise is Medicine project to move forward with after the conference. Lunch will be provided during the workshop. Second round of presenters will be asked to upload their presentation during the workshop.

1:00pm – 1:30pm Guest Speaker Dr. Michelle Mottola, PhD FACSM Director of the Exercise and Pregnancy Lab, she will be discussing prescribing exercise to special population groups with a focus on prescribing exercise during pregnancy,

1:30pm - 2:45pm Second Round of Presentations

1. Joëlle Hajj, University of Ottawa – Can a rapid goal-directed movement increase the proportion of correct responses in an inspection time paradigm?

2. Caroline Dutil, University of Ottawa – Master’s thesis proposal: Influence of the relative age effect on scores obtained in the Canadian assessment of physical literacy in children.

3. Mackenzie McLaughlin, University of Toronto – The effects of aerobic exercise on the pharmokinetics of sertraline, on inje cocktail as indirect markers of intrinsic clearance of CYP450 drug metabolizing enzymes.

4. Sebastian Diebel, Lakehead University – Changes in heart rate and blood lactate below, at, and above the anaerobic threshold in trained endurance athletes.

5. Scott Rollo, Western University – The Use of a Health Action Process Approach Intervention to Reduce Sedentary Behaviour in Adults

6. AJ Stephen, Western University – Biomechanical implications of abdominal tendon length: Muscle length ratios in human and rat specimens.

2:45pm – 3:00pm Active Break Third round of presentations, please upload you presentations at this time.

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3:00pm – 4:30pm Third Round of Presentations

1. Joshua Macedo, Guelph University – Postural stability and cycling in Parkinson’s Disease.

2. Swapna Mylabathula, University of Toronto – The female concussion experience: A mixed-methods exploration of concussion in female hockey players in the Ontario Women’s Hockey Association

3. Yoah Sui, Western University – Standing up for student health

4. Narlon Silva, Western University - The MIND-FUN Research Study: Mind-motor exercise to improve cognition and functional fitness

5. Aysha Thomas, Brock University – Identifying changes in physical activity behaviour that may lead to weight gain in first year university students.

6. David Di Fonzo, University of Toronto – A proposed study of physical activity, inflammation and the meditation of body image and depression in youth.

4:15pm – 4:30pm Closing Remarks

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Welcome!

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Final Conference Abstracts

(Submitted July 15th 2016)

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Title: The acute effects of a temptation bundle: watching subsequent episodes of a television show during continuous, aerobic exercise on affect and enjoyment Authors: Crutchlow, L. Abstract: Research linking positive affect with exercise adherence encourages individuals to exercise at intensities that elicit positive affect, and to use dissociative techniques (e.g. music) that will improve affect at higher intensities (Hutchinson, Karageorghis & Jones, 2014; Jones, Karageorghis & Ekkekakis, 2014; Williams, 2008.) However, few studies have examined individuals’ affective responses to continuous, aerobic exercise lasting longer than 15 minutes, and no studies have investigated the efficacy of television as a dissociative technique for exercise. The proposed randomized control study will address these literature gaps by examining the acute effects of watching subsequent episodes of a television show during continuous, aerobic exercise on affect and enjoyment. 26 physically inactive undergraduate students that are able and intend to exercise will be randomized into experimental and control groups based on their age and gender. Participants in both groups will complete demographic questionnaires to assess their characteristics, a treadmill exercise stress test with gas analysis to determine their ventilatory threshold, and two exercise tests below and proximal to their ventilatory threshold to assess their affective responses to and enjoyment of exercise. Participants in the experimental group will watch the first episode of an assigned television show two days before the third exercise test, and subsequent episodes during warm-up, exercise and cool-down portions of exercise tests. Affective valence, perceived activation, enjoyment of exercise and attentional focus will be assessed before, during and after exercise tests using Feeling, Felt Arousal, Physical Activity Enjoyment, and Attention Scales. Repeated univariate and multivariate analyses of variance will establish whether bundling television with exercise can improve affective responses to and enjoyment of exercise, regardless of intensity, by directing attention to external stimuli. Results will supplement existing literature on the topic and inform the conduct of studies comparing the effects of dissociative techniques on exercise adherence. Title: The impact of exercise on protein arginine methyltransferase expression in skeletal muscle Authors: vanLieshout, T., Stouth, D., Saleem, A., Tarnopolsky, M., Ljubicic, V. Abstract: Introduction Protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1), PRMT4, and PRMT5 catalyze the methylation of arginine residues on target proteins. Through this process a variety of biological functions are regulated including signal transduction, as well as transcriptional activation and repression. PRMTs may regulate the remodelling of skeletal muscle phenotype through their impact on molecules that are critical to these cellular processes. Our study will test the hypothesis that the intracellular signals required for muscle adaptation to exercise will be associated with the induction of PRMT1, PRMT4, and PRMT5 expression and activity. Methods C57BL/6 mice will be assigned to one of three experimental groups: sedentary (SED),

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acute bout of exercise (AE), or acute exercise followed by 180 minutes of recovery (AER). The mice in the AE and AER groups will perform a single bout of treadmill running at 15 m/min for 90 minutes. Muscles will be obtained from animals according to their assigned group parameters. RT-qPCR, Western blotting and immunofluorescence will be carried out for mRNA and protein analyses. Results and Discussion We anticipate that PRMT mRNA and protein levels will be expressed to a greater degree in slow, oxidative muscle compared to faster, more glycolytic muscle. In the AER group, we expect to observe an increase in PRMT transcripts relative to SED and AE animals. Furthermore, we predict that PRMT1 and PRMT4 will localize in the nuclei under SED conditions while PRMT5 will be present in the cytoplasm. Following exercise, we believe that PRMT1 will move to the cytoplasm while PRMT5 will move into the nuclei coincident with the activation of canonical exercise sensitive pathways. Conclusion Our research aims to expand knowledge about the molecular mechanisms controlling muscle plasticity and shed light on the role of PRMTs in the maintenance and remodelling of skeletal muscle phenotype. Title: Prescribing exercise as medicine in Ontario medical schools. Authors: Hanna,A. Abstract: Prescribing exercise can be an effective alternative to traditional pharmaceuticals for conditions that are known to respond to exercise. While it is often thought that increasing physical activity will only improve health markers associated with obesity (hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, etc.), in 2015, the Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports highlighted the use of exercise as medicine to treat 26 chronic conditions and showed using evidence based research that the use of physical activity is effective in treating these conditions. However, despite the strong evidence for exercise, helping patients change their physical activity behaviors continues to be a challenge for healthcare providers. Primary care physicians have the opportunity to provide patients with preventative information and patients often report the desire for such resources in clinical settings, yet researchers have shown that the majority of physicians do not address patient physical activity behaviors. This study will examine Ontario medical school curriculums to determine the total time allocated for prescribing exercise. The results will be used to create a curriculum reform proposal and/or audit of curriculum that will be submitted to the Canadian Medical Association (CMA), as well as the respected schools that participated in the study.

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Title: Body under attack: the untold stories of autoimmune inflammatory disease and physical activity

Authors: Bulten, R., Atkinson, M Abstracts: Introduction Autoimmune inflammatory disease describes a family of chronic, and often devastating, illnesses that develop when underlying immunological defects cause the body to attack its own organs, tissues and cells (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, 2005). Existing literature on autoimmune inflammatory disease focuses primarily on the physiological effects of exercise for specific cohorts; however, a substantial lack of sociocultural understanding exists, particularly in the areas of athletic identity and exercise prescription. Therefore, the main focus of this study was to better understand how individuals suffering from chronic autoimmune inflammatory illness understand their disease, and how sport and physical activity influence the chronic illness experience. Methods Seven participants with chronic inflammatory conditions were recruited and interviewed for this study. The participants’ diagnoses included rheumatoid arthritis (n=3), ankylosing spondylitis (n=2), Crohn’s disease (n=1), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (n=1). Interview data was coded and thematically organized using analytic induction. Results Results indicated that physical manifestations, psychological manifestations, and alternative treatment options played a significant role in the chronic illness process. Barriers to exercise, biographical disruptions, and feelings of loss were found to influence how participants understood and accommodated for their diagnosis. Finally, physical activity was described by participants as a means of alleviating negative physiological and psychological symptoms related to their disease. Conclusions In addition to promoting physical literacy, physical activity interventions may provide both physical and psychological benefits for those diagnosed with autoimmune inflammatory disease. This research may further inform effective and holistic treatment of autoimmune inflammatory illness and its many facets. Title: Can a rapid goal-directed movement increase the proportion of correct responses in an inspection time paradigm? Authors: Hajj, J., Carlsen, A. Abstract: Inspection time is a measure of the amount of time required for a visual stimulus to be presented in order for it to be accurately perceived by a participant. The visual stimulus most commonly used is a “pi” figure with differing leg lengths which is briefly presented (e.g. 20-200 ms) and then rapidly backward masked to prevent further visual processing. Participants are to indicate which side (left or right) of the “pi” figure has the longest leg. While inspection time paradigms have been used to assess differences in speed of perceptual processing between visual fields, cerebral hemispheres, and individuals with differing IQs, it is unclear how a goal-directed movement could influence perceptual processing. Thus, subjects will perform a goal-directed movement as rapidly as possible to a given target while grasping the vertical rod of a two-joint

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robot manipulandum. When their limb reaches peak velocity a pi figure will be presented and participants will engage in the inspection time paradigm. On some trials, however, subjects will not be required to perform a rapid goal-directed movement but will instead be required to remain idle during the inspection time paradigm. Results of both conditions (i.e. movement vs no movement) will be compared to investigate whether participants could discern rapidly presented visual stimuli more accurately at limb peak velocity in comparison to the no movement condition. Title: Children’s active transportation to school and other destinations Authors: Williams, G., Janssen, I. Abstract: Introduction: Active transportation (AT) is defined as “any form of human-powered transportation” such as walking or cycling and only 24% of Canadian children use AT to and from school. Research on AT suggests that the built environment can influence this physical activity behaviour; understanding more about these factors could inform interventions to increase physical activity. The goal of the proposed research is to describe AT levels in children to school and other locations and determine whether a child’s neighbourhood is associated with their AT. Methods: Data collection is currently underway and aims to recruit 450 children aged 10-13 in Kingston, ON. Data are being obtained from accelerometers and GPS watches worn for seven consecutive days as well as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) measures of the built environment within a 1km network buffer of each participant’s home. A summary walkability index will be created using factor analysis by combining block length, intersections/km2, percentage of non-residential land and percentage of roads with sidewalks and speed limits ≤50km/h. Logistic regression will be used to model whether walkability predicts whether a child used AT and generalized linear modelling will examine the relationship between walkability and AT minutes. Expected outcomes: We hypothesize a large proportion of participants will not participate in AT and among those who do, AT will be predicted by shorter block length, higher intersection density, mixed-land use and road safety measures. This study is novel as it relies on objective measures of AT and considers AT to destinations other than school. Title: Postural stability and cycling in Parkinson’s disease Authors: Macedo, J., Malcom, R. & Vallis, L.A. Abstract: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative condition caused by damaged neurons within the basal ganglia, which can lead to postural instability. Past research has shown continuous submaximal and interval based exercise to alleviate symptoms associated with PD. Purpose: Evaluate postural changes in individuals with PD following participation in

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either a continuous or interval based cycling program. Pre and post exercise intervention status was compared for biomechanical measures of postural stability, e.g. center of pressure (COP) and Mini-BEST clinical test. Hypothesis: Overall improvements will result from both programs, however interval cycling will produce greater effects. Eight subjects (6 male, 2 female) were recruited although only 6 completed the protocol. Quiet standing trials using a force platform (AMTI, Inc; 100 Hz) allowed for calculation of COP variables. Exercise occurred 3x/week for 10 weeks. Continuous cycling was completed at 55-65% peak power for 30 minutes (weeks 1-4), 40 minutes (weeks 5-7), and 50 minutes (weeks 8-10). Interval cycling involved ten 1 minute intervals at 80-99% peak power, separated by 1 minute intervals at 10% peak power. Paired t-tests indicated no significant effects of cycling on COP root mean square distance, time outside the 95% confidence ellipse or Mini-BEST (p>0.05). However, significant exercise related improvements on COP mean frequency and mean velocity (p<0.05) were observed. Summary: Exercise improved postural stability, suggesting that cycling can benefit individuals with PD. Title: Claiming ownership of one’s health: Group-based exercise to live well after breast cancer Authors: Saunders, S., Wing, EK., Burke, S., Woodard, S & Brunet, J. Abstract: Introduction: Exercise is a key strategy to help breast cancer survivors (BCS) manage adverse physical and psychosocial symptoms after cancer treatment. Group-based exercise programs provide BCS opportunities to engage in exercise within a safe and supportive environment in order to manage these symptoms. We explored BCS’ experiences associated with participating in an 8-week group-based program that involved a combination of endurance and resistance exercises. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 13 BCS (Mage = 60.6 years) who participated in the program three times, namely once during the program (i.e., 1-4 weeks after the first session) and twice after the program (i.e., immediately after and 2 months after the last session). Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and data were analyzed deductively and inductively using thematic analysis. Results: Four themes were identified demonstrating that BCS experienced post-traumatic growth by participating in the program. These were (1) appreciating life, (2) relating to others, (3) gaining personal strength, and (4) finding new opportunities. These identified themes supported characteristics of patient activation such as: (1) personal health care beliefs, (2) knowledge and confidence to take action, (3) taking action for one’s health, and (4) implementing strategies to maintain health behaviours. Conclusions: The finding that women experienced enhanced posttraumatic growth, which empowered them to become advocates for their health, suggest group-based exercise programs may offer benefits over and above commonly found physical and psychological improvements (i.e., symptoms management). Therefore, BCS should be encouraged to participate in group-based exercise programs.

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Title: Investigating the Motivational Interviewing techniques and behaviour change techniques in physical activity counselling sessions: Preliminary results. Authors: Gagnon, J. C., Fortier, M. S. Abstract: Over the past 20 years, there has been a wealth of research on the implementation and evaluation of physical activity promoting interventions (Kahn et al., 2002). Among these is Physical Activity Counselling (PAC), an individual, face-to-face intervention that uses a Motivational Interviewing (MI) counselling style and other behaviour change techniques for eliciting physical activity behaviour change (Fortier et al., 2007; Fortier, William, et al., 2011). Recently, the Behaviour Change Technique Taxonomy version 1 (BCTTv1) was developed to provide an agreed and standard method of describing intervention content (Michie et al., 2013). Given the poor representation of MI in the BCTTv1 and its proven effectiveness for changing health behaviours (Lundahl et al., 2013), a recent conceptual review was conducted to identify relational and content techniques specific to MI (Hardcastle, Fortier, Blake, & Hagger, 2016). The purpose of this study is to identify and quantify the specific BCTs and MI techniques applied during PAC sessions. Videotaped recordings of six PAC sessions were analyzed. Results indicated that the most utilized BCTs include 3.1 Social support (unspecified) (k=6), 1.1 Goal setting (behaviour) (k=4) and 1.2 Problem Solving (k=3). The most utilized relational techniques of MI include Open-ended questions (k=6), Affirmation (k=6), Reflective statements (k=6), Summary statements (k=6) and Permission to provide information and advice (k=5), whereas Consider change options (k=4) and Values exploration (k=3) were the content techniques of MI most frequently used. These preliminary findings shed light on the techniques applied and the relational-content interplay during PAC. Title: Exercise is Medicine® Canada on Campus Casebook: Investigating the development, composition and experiences of Exercise is Medicine® Canada on Campus groups Authors: McEachern, B., Tomasone, J., Yungblut, S. Abstract: Background: Exercise is Medicine® (EIM) is a global health initiative that strives to bring physical activity (PA) research into practice by promoting PA as a chronic disease prevention and management strategy. The EIM Canada on Campus (EIMC-OC) program was established in 2013 to foster relationships between health care professional trainees who support the EIM philosophy, while providing opportunities for students to implement PA promotion initiatives in their campus communities. Purpose: The purpose of the current project was to work closely with representatives from EIMC-OC groups to compile information about the development, composition and experiences of the groups into a comprehensive casebook. Methods: Representatives from EIMC-OC groups completed a preliminary survey and participated in a semi-structured interview that was guided by an evidence-based implementation research framework. Group profiles were then created and verified by the group representatives.

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Results: The EIMC-OC Knowledge Translation Casebook includes detailed information about the structure, initiatives, barriers, facilitators, and lessons of twelve EIMC-OC groups. The casebook facilitates the sharing of ideas and best practices among EIMC-OC leaders. Key recommendations for groups included involving a multidisciplinary group of students, implementing a project-based approach where tasks are delegated to smaller working groups, and devoting sufficient time to developing relationships with individuals, groups and organizations in the campus community. Conclusions: The casebook provides tangible examples of community-based efforts to promote PA within university and college communities. The casebook supports the sustainability of EIMC-OC interventions by providing direction for current EIMC-OC groups and for students interested in implementing an EIMC-OC group. Title: Standing up for student health: an application of the health action process approach for reducing student sedentary behavior. Authors: Sui, W. & Prapavessis, H. Abstract: Background: Sedentary behavior (SB) has been strongly associated with a wide array of chronic diseases, such as Heart Disease, Obesity, Hypertension, and Type II Diabetes; the risk also appears to greater the longer one engages in SB. Full-time University Students are a high-risk population for excessive SB due to their academic responsibilities (i.e. classes, studying) which tend to be SBs. Increasing the frequency and length of breaks from sitting has been shown to be an effective way to attenuate the deleterious effects of SB. The Health Action Process Approach model for behavior change (HAPA) has proven to be an effective health behavior change model for behaviors such as nutrition and seatbelt use, but has not yet been shown to be effective for increasing non-sedentary behaviors. Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the HAPA model in increasing non-sedentary behaviors in a full-time university student population; specifically, increasing the break frequency and duration of breaks from occupational (student) sitting time. Methods: Forty-five full-time university students were recruited via posters across campus and randomized into intervention (sedentary behavior change) or control (nutrition behavior change) groups. Participants completed a dietary recall questionnaire and sedentary behavior recall questionnaire. Participants then received a HAPA based counseling session tailored to their group. Participants received the SB questionnaire weekly for the next two weeks. After three weeks, participants received a booster HAPA counseling session and then received the weekly SB questionnaires for the next three weeks, as well as a follow-up at least two weeks after the week 6 questionnaire. Occupational (student) Break Frequency and Duration were assessed at eight time points (Baseline, Week 1-6, Follow-up). Results: Study is still in the data collection phase.

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Title: The use of a health action process approach intervention to reduce sedentary behaviour in adults Authors: Rollo, S., Prapavessis, H. Abstract: Sedentary behaviours (SBs) are characterized by low energy expenditure, prolonged sitting, and minimal physical movement (Dunstan et al., 2012). Societal changes have resulted in reduced demands to be active and greater sedentary time. There is research evidence demonstrating that SB is deleteriously associated with cardiometabolic biomarkers, diabetes, obesity, bone and vascular health (Proper et al., 2011). Researchers have emphasized the need for interventions targeting the feasibility and efficacy of reducing sedentary time in adults as a new health behaviour change objective (Owen et al., 2011). A model that has been used to explain the adoption and maintenance of health behaviours is the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA; Schwarzer, 2008). The purpose of my proposed research is to examine the effectiveness of three HAPA-based interventions to: (1) target motivational HAPA variables and intentions for reducing SB in middle-aged adults; (2) target both motivational and volitional HAPA variables, reduce SB, and improve health outcomes in middle-aged adults; and (3) reduce SB in a separate at risk population, respectively. Studies will employ prospective, randomized controlled trial designs. This research may: (a) demonstrate the efficacy and feasibility of a theory-driven intervention grounded in HAPA to reduce SB, (b) contribute to our knowledge of social-cognitive constructs that influence SB and factors to be manipulated in population-based efforts to reduce SB, and (c) aid in the development of evidence-based public health strategies and large-scale interventions to reduce population SB levels. Title: Evaluation of exercise is medicine from the perspective of fitness professionals Authors: Nagpal, T., Stathokostas, L., Prapavessis, H., & Mottola, M.F. Abstract: Exercise is Medicine (EIM) promotes physicians prescribing exercise and referring patients to fitness professionals for guidance in increasing physical activity levels. Early focus in research has been on improving the knowledge of physicians on how to prescribe exercise and encouraging physicians to refer patients to fitness professionals, however the receiving end of the referral procedure has not been examined. To understand fitness professionals’ current knowledge on EIM and to learn their perspective on how to improve the exercise prescription and referral procedure, 12 certified personal trainers employed at a campus recreation facility with an active EIM on campus group, were recruited to participate in an EIM information session and focus group. Personal trainers completed a pre-information session questionnaire (EIM goals, mission, contents of the exercise prescription pad), followed by a 15 minute EIM information session and then the same questionnaire was completed again. Average score on the pre-information questionnaire (7 questions) was 30% which significantly improved to 82% (p<0.05) after the information session. Immediately after the information session personal

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trainers participated in a focus group. Thematic analysis of the focus group identified four suggestions: increase communication opportunities between physicians and fitness professionals, increase promotion of EIM specifically as a prevention strategy, add progression and follow-up details to the EIM prescription pad and increase educational opportunities about EIM for all staff employed at a recreation facility. Results inform the need to increase opportunities to educate fitness professionals about the EIM initiative so they are better prepared to receive patients referred to exercise and can engage with physicians to promote EIM. Furthermore, by incorporating the suggestions of fitness professionals to improve the exercise prescription and referral procedure, EIM can improve its effectiveness in increasing physical activity levels of all populations.

Title: The acute effects of nicotine and exercise on working memory Authors: Guirguis, S., Sui, Y., Prapavessis, H. Abstract: Due to addictive nature of nicotine, overcoming a smoking addiction is one of the toughest battles a smoker encounters (Schelling, 1992). This road is filled with many obstacles, leaving few successful. Quitters must overcome cravings, withdrawal behaviors, and decrements in cognitive ability. Fortunately, nicotine reduces cravings and protects smokers from the cognitive decrements that follow quitting (Heishman, Kleykamp, & Singleton, 2010). Nicotine also enhances cognitive performances in non-smokers. Similarly, exercise can improve cognitive performances (Chang, Labban, Gapin, & Etnier, 2012). If exercise improves cognitive performance similarly to nicotine, then cognitive performance scores should be comparable. A randomized, counterbalanced procedure compared working memory (N-Back Task) in non-smokers after administration of 4 mg nicotine gum or 20mins of moderate-intensity exercise. Paired samples t-test indicated significant improvement in accuracy t(22)=4.357, p=.000 and reaction time t(22)=3.099, p=.005 after exercise and significant improvement in reaction time t(22)=3.204, p=.004 but non significant improvement in participant’s accuracy t(22)=.866, p=.396 after chewing nicotine gum. This study is the first of its kind, demonstrating that exercise improves working memory better than nicotine in a non-smoker population. Future studies should explore whether exercise can protect abstinent smokers from the typical cognitive decrements that follows quitting. Title: Promoting benefits of physical activity through persuasive communication. Authors: Patil, P., Salmoni, A. Abstract: In Canada, between the years of 2007 to 2011 only 18.9% of young adults aged 18 to 39 met the recommended guidelines for physical activity (“Directly measured physical activity of Canadian adults, 2007 to 2011,” 2013). Sallis (2000) states that inactivity early in life can lead to inactively later in life, which can result in many negative outcomes to your physical health, mental health and appearance/social status. The primary purpose of this study is to determine if

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gain- or loss-framed messages about physical activity will change the intentions, attitudes and behaviours of university students who are in the contemplation or preparation stage. The secondary purpose is to determine if framing the message in terms of the physical health benefits, the appearance/social benefits or mental health benefits will change the intentions, attitude and behaviour of undergraduate students. 120 (60 boys and 60 girls) undergraduate students will be recruited from the University of Western Ontario. Participants must be between the ages of 18 and 35 years of age (young adults). Each participant will be given a pre-intervention questionnaire, physical activity log, 1 of 6 framed messages and a post-intervention questionnaire. The questions will measure participants’ attitude, intention and behaviour towards physical activity. After the study is completed the findings will be disseminated to the Canadian Cancer Society to help enhance their advocacy and prevention campaigns so they can more effectively create behaviour change in the community. Title: Behaviour change intervention strategies to prevent excessive gestational weight gain using a Nutrition and Exercise Lifestyle Intervention Program (NELIP) in obese pregnant women. Author: Hosein, K., Nagpal, T., Prapavessis, H., Campbell, C., Mottola, M.F. Abstract: Maternal obesity and excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG) is associated with an increased incidence of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. The purpose is to evaluate the effectiveness of different behaviour change intervention strategies at preventing early and total EGWG in obese women. It is hypothesized that the introduction of a single behaviour change, followed by a second, will be more effective at preventing early and total EGWG in obese women compared to the early simultaneous introduction of both behaviour changes (NELIP; Mottola, et al., 2010). Thirty-six pregnant women will be block randomized into one of 3 intervention strategy groups (nutrition first, exercise first, or simultaneous) and assessed for progresses at 24-25 weeks and 36-38 weeks gestation. Birth outcome assessment will also be performed. Prevention of EGWG is expected to favour the nutrition first group with an overall decreased incidence of large babies.