exchange force model of nuclear physics
TRANSCRIPT
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Exchange force model of nuclear physics
Exchange force model come from the molecular
and atomic physics. The exchange is just as some
electrons are share during the covalent bonding. If
all valances are lled then it can not aect the
presence of the third nuclei there.
In nuclear exchange model the incident particle
change its characteristics. An incident proton
change into neutron whiles the bacward neutron
change into proton. The something is exchanged
between the nucleons. And this something
saturates this nuclear force.
According to the analytical result of theoretical
physics! the important term eld introducation.
"ie gravitational and electromagnetic.If particle produce the eld then presence of
external body intract with eld directly not to the
rst object directly.
According to the #$T the rst object does not set
up a classical eld throughout the space but
instead emits eld %uanta.
The second object can then absorb those eld
%uanta and remit bac to the rst object. The two
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object are thus related by there exchange of the
eld %uanta exchange.
&ucleons are spin half particles. It is clear that only
integer spin can exchange ' or ( and must carry
electric change.
The exchange particle violate the rule of
conservation of energy and momentum )p*. This
type of particle called virtual particle. +irtual
particle can not be detected at this instant. ,ut
only force can be experience due to this particle.
Exchange paritlces that carry the nuclear force are
called mesons. -esons came from gree -eso
meaning middle. ,ecause the predicted mass was
between the massed of the electron and nuclean.
The pi mesons is simple exchange paricle innuclear potential.
GeigerNuttall law
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In nuclear physics, the GeigerNuttall law or GeigerNuttall
rulerelates the decay constantof a radioactiveisotopewith theenergy of the alpha particlesemitted. Roughly speaking, it states
that short-lived isotopes emit more energetic alpha particles than
long-lived ones.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_physicshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decay_constanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_particleshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decay_constanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactivehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_particleshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_physics -
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The relationship also shows that half-lives are exponentially
dependent on decay energy, so that very large changes in half-
life make comparatively small differences in decay energy, and
thus alpha particle energy. In practice, this means that alphaparticles from all alpha-emitting isotopes across many orders of
magnitude of difference in half-life, all nevertheless have aout
the same decay energy.
Formulated in !"!! y #ans $eigerand %ohn &itchell 'uttall,(!)
in its modern form the $eiger*'uttall law is
where is the decay constant + = ln2/half-life, Z the atomic
numer, Ethe total kinetic energy+of the alpha particle and the
daughter nucleus, and a! and a are constants. The law works
est for nuclei with even atomic numer and even atomic mass.
The trend is still there for even-odd, odd-even, and odd-odd
nuclei ut not as pronounced.Cluster decays
The $eiger-'uttall law has even een extended to descrie
cluster decays, decays where atomic nuclei larger than helium
are released, e.g. silicon and caron.
Derivation
simple way to derive this law is to consider an alpha particle
in the atomic nucleus as aparticle in a ox. The particle is in a
ound state ecause of the presence of the strong interaction
potential. It will constantly ounce from one side to the other,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Geigerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mitchell_Nuttallhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geiger%E2%80%93Nuttall_law#cite_note-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decay_constanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_energyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constant_(mathematics)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_decayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_particlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_in_a_boxhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bound_statehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_interactionhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Geigerhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mitchell_Nuttallhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geiger%E2%80%93Nuttall_law#cite_note-1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decay_constanthttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_numberhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinetic_energyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constant_(mathematics)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_decayhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha_particlehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_in_a_boxhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bound_statehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strong_interaction -
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and due to the possiility of /uantum tunneling y the wave
though the potential arrier, each time it ounces, there will e a
small likelihood for it to escape.
knowledge of this /uantum mechanical effect enales one tootain this law, including coefficients, via direct calculation.
This calculation was first performed y physicist $eorge
$amowin !"0.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_tunnelinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Gamowhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Gamowhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_tunnelinghttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Gamowhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Gamow