excel ppt ch 2
TRANSCRIPT
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Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall. 1
by Mary Anne Poatsy, Keith Mulbery, Lynn Hogan, Amy Rutledge, Cyndi Krebs, Eric Cameron, Rebecca Lawson
Chapter 2
Formulas and Functions
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• Use relative, absolute, and mixed cell
references in formulas
• Correct circular references
• Insert a function
• Insert basic math and statistical functions
• Use date functions
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• Determine results with the IF function
• Use lookup functions
• Calculate payments with the PMT function
• Create and maintain range names
• Use range names in formulas
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• Excel offers three types of cell references for
use when a formula is copied
– Absolute $A$1
– Relative A1
– Mixed $A1 or A$1
• $ indicates that the row number or column
letter will not be modified during a copy
4
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Hall.
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• A relative cell reference indicates a cell’s
relative location from the cell containing the
formula.
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• An absolute cell reference provides a
permanent reference to a specific cell
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• In mixed reference $B4, the column is fixed,
but the row may be altered during a copy
• In mixed reference B$4, the row is fixed, but
the column may be altered during a copy
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• A circular reference error occurs if a formula
refers to itself
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• An Excel function is a predefined formula that
performs a calculation
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• Syntax is the set of rules that govern correct
formation of a function
• An argument is an input, such as a cell or
range
• A function begins with the equal sign (=)
followed by the function name and arguments
in parentheses
Example: =SUM(A1:A3)
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• When a function is typed, Formula
AutoComplete displays a list of functions
matching the partial entry
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• A function ScreenTip is a small pop-up
description that displays the function
arguments.
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• Use the Insert Function dialog box to search
for a function or select one from a list
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• The Function Arguments dialog box offers
help on each argument
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• The SUM function returns the mathematical
sum of some number of cells or ranges; for
example:
=SUM(A1:A3)
=SUM(A1,B3,C5)
=SUM(A1:B3,C5:E8)
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• Common statistical functions include:
– AVERAGE arithmetic mean
– MEDIAN midpoint value
– MIN minimum value
– MAX maximum value
– COUNT number of values in range
– COUNTBLANK number of empty cells
– COUNTA number of nonempty cells
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• A nested function occurs when one function is
embedded as an argument to another function;
for example:
=IF(A1<A2,MIN(B1:B5),MAX(B1:B5))
– Compute the MIN function if A1 is less than A2
– Compute the MAX function if A1 is not less than
A2
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• Since dates are numeric, calculations can be
performed, such as subtraction
• The TODAY function displays the current date
• The NOW function displays the current date
and time
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• =IF(logical_test, value_if_true,value_if_false)
• The IF function has three arguments:
– A condition that is tested to determine if it is
either true or false
– The resulting value if the condition is true
– The resulting value if the condition is false
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• The logical test is built from the logical
operators
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• Lookup functions are used to look up values
in a table to perform calculations or display
results
– For example, a teacher may want to look up an
average in order to assign a grade
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• When searching a range, the breakpoint is the
lowest value for a category or series
• A lookup table typically lists breakpoints in
one column and return values in a second
column
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• The VLOOKUP function searches a lookup
table for a value and returns the result from the
related column
• VLOOKUP has three required arguments:
– Lookup value
– Table array (range of lookup table)
– Column index of return value
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• The HLOOKUP function is used when the
breakpoints and return data are placed in rows
• The third argument now lists the row index
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• The PMT financial function calculates the
periodic payment for a loan with a fixed
interest rate and term length
• PMT has three required arguments:
– Interest rate (rate)
– Number of periods (nper)
– Present value (pv)
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• A range name is a word or string of characters
assigned to one or more cells
• Range names make formulas easier to read
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• Range names use the following rules:
– 1 to 255 characters
– Begin with a letter or underscore (_)
– Contain letters, digits, periods, underscores
• Valid names include Rate, Tax_Rate,
Rate_2012
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• Excel offers a variety of methods to enter a
range name after selecting the cells:
– Type the range name in the Name Box area
– Enter the name using New Name dialog box
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• Use the Name Manager dialog box to edit or
delete a range name
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• In this chapter, you have learned to write formulas
using relative, absolute, and mixed cell references
as well as correcting circular references and
inserting functions.
• You have learned about statistical and date
functions, such as SUM, AVERAGE, and
TODAY.
• You have explored the IF, VLOOKUP, and PMT
functions.
• You learned to create and use range names.
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