examview - ap biology genetics mc final mp

Name:____________________________Period___________________

Version A

(1)Test Questions are Copyright © 1984-2002 by College Entrance Examination Board, Prenceton, NJ. All rights reserved. For face-to-fact teaching purposes, classroom teachers are permitted to reproduce the questions. Web or Mass distribution prohibited. (2) AP ® is registered traemark of the College Entrance Examination Borard. The College Entrance Examination Board was not involved in the production of and does not endorse this product. Permissionis granted of individual classroom teahcers to reproduce the activity sheets and illustation for their own classroom use. Any other type of reproduction of these material is strictly prohibited.

1

AP* Biology: Genetics

Directions: Each of the questions or incomplete statements below is followed by four suggested answers or completions. Select the one that is best in each case and enter the appropriate letter in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.

1. In corn, the trait for tall plants (T) is dominant tothe trait for dwarf plants (t) and the trait for coloredkernels (C) is dominant to the trait for white kernels(c). In a particular cross of corn plants, theprobability of an offspring being tall is 1/2 and theprobability of a kernel being colored is 3/4. Whichof the following most probably represents theparental genotypes?

A) TtCc ttCcB) TtCc TtCcC) TtCc ttccD) TTCc ttCc

2. In peas, yellow seed color (Y) is dominant overgreen seed color (y). Which of the followingwould be expected in the F2 generation of amonohybrid cross given that the P1 generationis a dominant homozygote crossed with arecessive homozygote?

A) Only plants that produce yellow seeds.B) Only plants with the Yy genotype.C) Plants with one yellow seed for every green

seed.D) Three plants with yellow seeds for every

plant with green seeds.

3. In a typical pedigree, males are designated bysquares and females by circles. Shaded circlesand squares represent the affected individuals.The shaded boxes do not indicate whether thecondition is dominant or recessive, only thatthe individual exhibits the trait. Which of thefollowing would you not find in a pedigreewhen a son has an X-linked recessive disorder?

A) All squares or circles will be shaded in P1.B) Only squares in the pedigree have the

shaded.C) Only circles in the pedigree will be shaded.D) Shaded squares for all sons of a female

with a shaded circle

4. A wide range of phenotypic variations exist forthe trait of human height and the trait of humanskin color. Which of the factors listed aboveaccount for the variation shown in thephenotypes of these traits?

I. Multiple alleles II. Environmental effectsIII. Codominance

IV. Polygenic inheritance

A) I onlyB) III onlyC) I and IID) II and IV

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5. If alleles C and D are on two differentchromosomes and the probability of allele Csegregating into a gamete is 1/4, while theprobability of allele D segregating into agamete is 1/2, what is the probability that bothwill segregate into the same gamete?

A) 1/4 1/2B) 1/4 ÷ 1/2C) 1/4 + 1/2D) 1/2 + 1/4

6. The relative location of four genes on achromosome can be mapped from thefollowing data on crossover frequencies.

Which of the following represents the relative positions of these four genes on the chromosomes?

A) ABCDB) ADCBC) CABDD) CBAD

7. A diploid cell has three pairs of homologouschromosomes designated J1/J2, K1/K2, andL1/L2. Which of the following represents aprobable chromosome complement in a haploidcell formed by meiosis?

A) J1 and K1B) J1 and J2C) J2, K1, and L2D) J1, J1, K2, and K2

8. In sheep, eye color is controlled by a singlegene with two alleles. When a homozygousbrown-eyed sheep is crossed with ahomozygous green-eyed sheep, blue-eyedoffspring are produced. If the blue-eyed sheepare mated with each other, what percent oftheir offspring will most likely have browneyes?

A) 0%B) 25%C) 50%D) 75%

9. Which of the following is an ethical violationof rights of individuals with Down syndrome?

A) Free health care to treat heart issuescommonly found in individuals with Downsyndrome.

B) Sterilization required by governmentofficials believing that Down syndromeindividuals would be unable to care foroffspring.

C) Allowing individuals with Down syndrometo live in monitored communities ratherthan on their own

D) Providing genetic counseling to Downsyndrome individuals before they decide tohave children.

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The following data represents genetic material present in gametes from three different sexually reproducing species.

10. Which of the following data sets bestcompletes the column for the autosomalchromosome count?

A) 92, 96, 100, 156B) 44, 46, 48, 76C) 46, 48, 50, 78D) 23, 24, 25, 39

Von Hipple-Lindau (VHL) is a genetic disorder that produces visceral cysts, benign masses and potential malignant transformations in multiple organs. Patients with VHL typically have tumors in their kidneys, brain and pancreas. The pedigree below indicates the expression pattern of VHL in a specific family. Genetic counselors told the affected female that she and her non-carrier husband had a 50% chance of producing children with VHL.

11. Based on this information, which of thefollowing best describes the inheritance patternfor this disorder?

A) X-linked recessiveB) Incomplete dominanceC) Autosomal dominanceD) Autosomal recessive

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12. Achondroplastic dwarfism is a dominantgenetic trait that causes severe malformation ofthe skeleton. Homozygotes for this conditionare spontaneously aborted (hence, thehomozygous condition is lethal) butheterozygotes will develop to be dwarfed.Matthew has a family history of the condition,although he does not express the trait. Jane isan achondroplastic dwarf. Matthew and Janeare planning a family of several children andwant to know the chances of producing a childwith achondroplastic dwarfism. The genotypesof Matthew and Jane are best represented as

Matthew Jane

A) AA AaB) Aa aaC) aa aaD) aa Aa

13. The diagram above depicts an experiment inwhich icepacks were strapped to a hair-freepatch on a species of rabbits. The new hair thatgrew in the patch exposed to cold was black.Which of the following statements is supportedby the results of this experiment?

A) The rabbits’ genomes have a flexibleresponse to environmental stimuli.

B) The rabbits change their phenotypes toattract mates.

C) Rabbits whose coat color does not changerepresent a more evolved species

D) Increased ultraviolet light can alter thegenome of these rabbits.

Questions 14 and 15 refer to the following information.

Australian Shepherds are a breed of dogs whose coat color is directly impacted by two different genes. The gene that determines basic coat color exhibits a dominant allele (B) for black coat color and a recessive allele (b) for red coat color. Additionally, these dogs can have a solid coat color (mm) or a mixed pattern coat color called merle (Mm). The homozygous dominant coat color is called a lethal white (MM) which produces pups that are deaf and blind.

14. What is the probability that two red Australianshepherds will produce a black pup?

A) 0B) 1/4C) 1/2D) 3/4

15. The Australian Shepherds of America Clubdiscourages from mating two merles. Which ofthe following best explains why merle to merlematings are undesirable?

A) The cross has the probability of producinglitters with 50% solid coat color pups.

B) The cross produces all homozygousrecessive pups.

C) The cross has the probability of producinglitters with 25% merle coat pups.

D) The cross has a 25% chance of producinghomozygous dominant pups.

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Questions 16-18 refer to the following information:

16. Which of the following best represents thisgenotype for the traits carried on this pair ofchromosomes?

A) AgTBB) AaGgTtBBC) AAggTTBBD) aaGGttBB

17. Which alleles will most likely segregate duringthe process of gamete formation?

A) A and gB) A and TC) T and gD) A and a

18. Which of the following crossover events wouldbe most difficult to detect in the offspring?

A) A crossover occuring in the region betweengene A and G

B) A crossover occurring in the regionbetween gene T and B

C) A crossover occurring in the regionbetween gene G and T

D) A crossover occurring in the regionbetween gene A and T

19. In a recent athletic event, routine chromosomalanalysis of a famous woman athlete revealedthat she had both a male sex chromosome and asingle Barr body (a condensed sexchromosome). Physical examination showedthat she had a feminine breast development butwas actually a male. This person’s genotype,with respect to the sex chromosomes, must be

A) XYYB) XXYC) XYD) XXX

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A culture of white-eyed fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) was maintained for many generations. Females from the stock white-eyed culture were crossed with red-eyed (wild-type) males. The F1 females were crossed with the white-eyed males from the original culture. The resulting phenotypes of the progeny are summarized below.

Parental Generation Cross F1 Generation (at least 500 flies)White-eyed females red-eyed males 100% of females are red-eyed

100% of males are white-eyed

F1 Generation Cross F2 Generation (at least 500 flies)F1 red-eyed females white-eyed males 50% of females are red-eyed and 50% are

white-eyed50% of males are red-eyed and 50% are

white-eyed

20. There are white-eyed females in the F2

generation because

A) white is a dominant alleleB) the white allele is autosomalC) a mutation has occuredD) these F2 females have two white alleles

21. The best explanation for the red-eyed F1

females is

A) mutationB) culture contaminationC) dominanceD) multiple loci

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22. A couple discuss the probability of having achild with sickle cell anemia, a lethal recessivedisorder with their genetic counselor. Both thehusband and wife have a sibling with thedisorder and a worried about having childrenwith this disorder. Neither the couple nor anyof their parents have sickle cell anemia. Thecouple want to know if there is a chance thatthey could produce children who express thesickle cell anemia disorder. Which of thefollowing would be the most accuratestatement for the counselor to say to thecouple?

A) Since neither of your parents have sicklecell anemia, you will not have childrenwith this disorder.

B) Since neither of you express sickle cellanemia, you will not have children withthis disorder.

C) There is a chance that both of you carry therecessive sickle cell allele and togethercould produce a child with the disorder.

D) The fact both of you have a sibling withsickle cell anemia means that your parentspassed the gene to your siblings and not toyou.

23. In the F1 generation of 915 pea plants, there were716 tall plants and 199 short plants. Tall isdominant over short. What was the parental cross?A) tt ttB) Tt TtC) TT ttD) Tt tt

24. A couple have a child with Turner’s syndrome.The child’s sex chromosome genotype is XO.Which of the following best explains how thiscouple may have produced this child.

A) Crossing over occurred between thefather’s X and Y chromosomes.

B) Nondisjunction occurred during theformation of the mother’s egg cells

C) Trisomy occurred in the egg that producedthe child

D) An error in mitosis occurred during thechild’s embryonic development.

25. The fourth child in the F2 generation has Downsyndrome. Which of the following statementsrepresents a reasonable explanation for theappearance of this syndrome the thirdgeneration when it is not expressed in the P1 orF1 generations?

A) Down syndrome is a recessive trait and waspassed down through the generations butnot expressed.

B) Down syndrome is caused by a dominantallele that becomes active under a limitedset of environmental conditions.

C) Down syndrome is the result of analteration of the chromosome number andwas not passed from P1 to F1 to F2.

D) Down syndrome is a sex linked traitexpressed in the fourth F2 child becausethis male possesses a single Xchromosome.

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26. In a species of tortoise, foot size (big or small)is controlled by one gene, while shell shape(round or lumpy) is controlled by a differentgene. A big-footed, lumpy-shelled tortoisemates with a small-footed, round-shelledtortoise. Eight offspring were produced. Fourof the offspring are big~footed and have roundshells. The remaining four tortoises have smallfeet and round shells.Which of the followingstatements is supported by the data from theoffspring of this cross?

A) The gene for lumpy shell is dominant toround.

B) The gene for round shell is dominant tolumpy.

C) The alleles for round shell and lumpy shellare codominant.

D) The alleles for round shell and lumpy shellshow incomplete dominance.

27. In horses, the grey coat color (G) is dominantto non-grey coat color (g). Additionally, somehorses have a genetic disorder calledhyperkalemic periodic paralysis or HYPP.HYPP is an inherited autosomal dominantdisorder that affects the sodium channels inmuscle cells. HYPP (H) is dominant to thenormal condition (h). If a non-grey, normalstallion sires a foal that is not grey and does nothave HYPP, which of the following genotypesare possible genotypes for the mother?

A) GGhh and ggHHB) ggHH and GgHhC) GGHH and GGHhD) GgHh and gghh

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Questions 28-31 refer to the following scenario.

A scientist collected data while studying thorax pigmentation of a recently discovered beetle. After collecting field data she captured males and females of each thorax color to conduct genetic crosses in the laboratory. Data from the field study and crosses are shown below.

Table 1: Data collected in natural habitat:

Date of count

Number with green thorax

Number with golden thorax

03/01/13 756 51203/04/13 689 60103/05/13 712 558

Table 2: Results of P1 cross of Green Male #1 with 4 different females

Number of green pigmented offspring

Number of golden pigmented offspring

Female #1Green Thorax

62 0

Female #2Golden Thorax

32 28

Female #3 Golden Thorax

0 75


71 0

28. The scientist hypothesizes that the allele forgolden thorax is dominant to the allele forgreen thorax. Which of the followingstatements supports the hypothesis?

A) In the natural habitat, the number of beetleswith green thorax is higher than the numberwith golden thorax.

B) Female #1 produced more green pigmentedoffspring than Female #3.

C) Female #2 produced more goldenpigmented offspring than Female #1 and #4

D) More green thorax beetles were observedon the first day of data collection than onthe third day of data collection.

29. If the scientist’s hypothesis is supported, whichof the following results would be expected inthe F2 generation if two green offspring fromfemale #1 were mated?

A) All golden offspringB) A 3:1 ratio of golden to green offspringC) A 3:1 ratio of green to golden offspringD) All green offspring

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30. If the scientists hypothesis is supported, whichof the following results would be expectedfrom a cross between two golden F1 offspringfrom Female #2?

A) A 4:0 ratio of golden to green offspringB) A 3:1 ratio of golden to green offspringC) A 3:1 ratio of green to golden offspringD) A 4:0 ratio of green to golden offspring

31. The primary value of a specific type ofbackcross known as a testcross is to

A) determine whether a trait is reallyhereditary

B) permit detection of recessive genesC) reveal cases of blending inheritanceD) reveal sex-linked inheritance

32. Many plant species are capable of producingoffspring through self-pollination. Inself-pollination, gametes formed by meiosisand are used to fertilize egg cells from thesame plant. Which of the following statementsdescribes why offspring produced throughself-pollination can exhibit genetic diversity?

A) The genes found in each gamete will begenetically identical to one another.

B) The self-pollination gametes are producedthrough meiosis and have undergone DNAreplication.

C) Homologous chromosomes were sortedinto different gamete cells causingseparation of allele pairs.

D) Gametes involved in self-pollination onlytravel a short distance prior to becominginvolved in fertilization.

(1) Test Questions are Copyright © 1984-2012 by College Entrance Examination Board, Princeton, NJ. All rights reserved. For face-to-face teaching purposes, classroom teachers are permitted to reproduce the questions. Web or Mass distribution prohibited. (2) AP® is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board. The College Entrance Examination Board was not involved in the production of and does not endorse this product. Permission is granted for individual classroom teachers to reproduce the activity sheets and illustrations for their own classroom use. Any other type of reproduction of these materials is strictly prohibited.

AP Biology Genetics Unit Exam

Part B Directions: These three questions require numeric answers. Calculate the correct answer for each question, and enter your answer on the grid following each question. Examples of correct entry for the grid-in questions are shown below. The actual questions for this exam begin on the next page.

Integer Answer Integer Answer Decimal Answer Fraction Answer502 502 −4.13 −2/10

5 0 2 5 0 2 − 4 . 1 3 − 2 / 1 0

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �

1. How many different gamete combinations can

be formed by a male with the genotype HhLlMM?

2. What is the probability that parental cross

Mm × mm will produce an offspring with the genotype MM?

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3. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an inherited disease caused by a recessive allele. If a woman and her husband, who are both carriers have three children, what is the probability that all three children will have the disease?

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Name:____________________________Period___________________

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Version B

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white-eyed


generation because



females is







Version B

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A) 0%B) 25%C) 50%D) 75%








Version B

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A) 92, 96, 100, 156B) 44, 46, 48, 76C) 46, 48, 50, 78D) 23, 24, 25, 39










Version B

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Version B

6




Date of count



03/01/13 756 51203/04/13 689 60103/05/13 712 558





62 0


32 28


0 75


71 0





Version B

7


















A) 1/4 1/2B) 1/4 ÷ 1/2C) 1/4 + 1/2D) 1/2 + 1/4

Version B

8
















Version B

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Matthew Jane





A) 0B) 1/4C) 1/2D) 3/4














5 0 2 5 0 2 − 4 . 1 3 − 2 / 1 0

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Name:____________________________Period___________________

Version C


1









white-eyed


females is



generation because



A) 0%B) 25%C) 50%D) 75%

Version C

2



















Version C

3




Date of count



03/01/13 756 51203/04/13 689 60103/05/13 712 558





62 0


32 28


0 75


71 0









Version C

4





















Version C

5


A) 0B) 1/4C) 1/2D) 3/4
















Version C

6













Version C

7



A) 92, 96, 100, 156B) 44, 46, 48, 76C) 46, 48, 50, 78D) 23, 24, 25, 39







A) 1/4 1/2B) 1/4 ÷ 1/2C) 1/4 + 1/2D) 1/2 + 1/4


Version C

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Matthew Jane











Version C

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5 0 2 5 0 2 − 4 . 1 3 − 2 / 1 0

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �





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Name:____________________________Period___________________

Version D


1




A) 1/4 1/2B) 1/4 ÷ 1/2C) 1/4 + 1/2D) 1/2 + 1/4


Matthew Jane







Version D

2













Version D

3



















Version D

4









Version D

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Date of count



03/01/13 756 51203/04/13 689 60103/05/13 712 558





62 0


32 28


0 75


71 0








Version D

6











Version D

7







white-eyed


generation because



females is




Version D

8









A) 0B) 1/4C) 1/2D) 3/4


A) 0%B) 25%C) 50%D) 75%







Version D

9












Version D

10



A) 92, 96, 100, 156B) 44, 46, 48, 76C) 46, 48, 50, 78D) 23, 24, 25, 39










5 0 2 5 0 2 − 4 . 1 3 − 2 / 1 0

� � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � �





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