exam questions gluteal region

Questions Gluteal Region

The muscle in the diagram

1 Is supplied by the inferior gluteal nerve

2 Attaches to the greater trochanter

3 Flexes the hip

4 Laterally rotates the hip

5 Attaches to the sacrospinous ligament

Question 1 – gluteal region

The muscle in the diagram

1 Is supplied by the inferior gluteal nerve

T

2 Attaches to the greater trochanter F

3 Flexes the hip F

4 Laterally rotates the hip T

5 Attaches to the sacrospinous ligament

F

This is gluteus maximus.It has an origin from the following;-gluteal surface of ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line-posterior part of iliac crest -posterior surface of sacrum and coccyx-sacrotuberous ligamentIt inserts onto the iliotibial tract and the gluteal crest on the posterior surface of shaft of the femur.It extends and laterally rotates the hip.

Question 1 – gluteal region

With regard to the superior gemellus muscle:

1 It is a lateral rotator of the hip joint

2 It originates from the ischial tuberosity

3 It is supplied by the nerve to obturator internus

4 It is supplied by the nerve to quadratus femoris

5 It assists in adducting the hip

Question 2 - gluteal region

With regard to the superior gemellus muscle:

1 It is a lateral rotator of the hip joint T

2 It originates from the ischial tuberosity F

3 It is supplied by the nerve to obturator internus T

4 It is supplied by the nerve to quadratus femoris F

5 It assists in adducting the hip F

Superior gemellus arises from the outer aspect of the ischial spine and inserts onto the greater trochanter.

By contrast, Inferior gemellus arises from the ischial tuberosity and inserts in common with the superior gemellus and obturator internus onto the greater trochanter. It is supplied by the nerve to quadratus femoris.

Both gemelli laterally rotate the hip.


The tendons of the following muscles insert into the iliotibial tract:

1 vastus lateralis

2 gluteus maximus

3 rectus femoris

4 tensor fasciae latae

5 lateral head of gastrocnemius


The tendons of the following muscles insert into the iliotibial tract:

1 vastus lateralis F

2 gluteus maximus T

3 rectus femoris F

4 tensor fasciae latae T

5 lateral head of gastrocnemius F


The lesser sciatic foramen transmits the following structures

1 internal iliac artery

2 superior gluteal artery

3 the pudendal nerve

4 the piriformis tendon

5 internal pudendal artery


The lesser sciatic foramen transmits the following structures

1 internal iliac artery F

2 superior gluteal artery F

3 the pudendal nerve T

4 the piriformis tendon F

5 internal pudendal artery T

The boundaries of the lesser sciatic foramen are formed by the lesser sciatic notch (just below the ischial spine), and the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments.The pudendal nerve and internal pudendal artery and vein leave the pelvic cavity through the greater sciatic foramen below piriformis, and immediately wind around the ischial spine to enter the lesser sciatic foramen from behind.The lesser sciatic foramen also transmits the tendon of obturator internus out from the pelvis, and the nerve to obturator internus into the pelvis.


The sciatic nerve

1 is accompanied by a branch of the inferior gluteal artery

2 supplies adductor magnus

3 supplies the short head of biceps femoris

4 gives a sensory branch which supplies perianal skin

5 goes through the lesser sciatic foramen to enter the gluteal region


The sciatic nerve

1 is accompanied by a branch of the inferior gluteal artery

T

2 supplies adductor magnus T

3 supplies the short head of biceps femoris T

4 gives a sensory branch which supplies perianal skin

F

5 goes through the lesser sciatic foramen to enter the gluteal region

F

The inferior gluteal artery was curiously, during embryological development, the main axial artery of the lower limb. Wonders will never cease! Adductor magnus has a dual innervation: most of the muscle is innervated by the obturator nerve. However, the part of the muscle which arises from the ischial tuberosity is innervated by the tibial component of the sciatic nerve. The short head of biceps femoris is supplied by the common peroneal component of the sciatic nerve.The sciatic nerve crosses the greater sciatic foramen to enter the gluteal region.


The gluteus medius muscle

1 is attached to the anterior surface of the greater trochanter

2 is an abductor of the hip joint

3 is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve

4 is superficial to the gluteus minimus muscle

5 receives its blood supply from a branch of the internal iliac artery


The gluteus medius muscle

1 is attached to the anterior surface of the greater trochanter

F

2 is an abductor of the hip joint T

3 is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve F

4 is superficial to the gluteus minimus muscle T

5 receives its blood supply from a branch of the internal iliac artery

T

Gluteus medius has an oblique attachment to the lateral surface of the greater trochanter. Gluteus minimus attaches to the anterior surface of the greater trochanter. The superior gluteal artery which supplies the gluteus medius and minimus is a branch of the internal iliac artery.


The region in the red highlight

1 Is the greater sciatic foramen

2 Is the obturator foramen

3 Transmits the obturator internus muscle

4 Transmits the inferior gluteal nerve

5 Transmits the nerve to obturator internus muscle


The region in the red highlight

1 Is the greater sciatic foramen T

2 Is the obturator foramen F

3 Transmits the obturator internus muscle

F

4 Transmits the inferior gluteal nerve T

5 Transmits the nerve to obturator internus muscle

T

This is the greater sciatic foramen.The lesser sciatic foramen transmits the obturator internus muscle.The nerve to obturator internus muscle leaves the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen and enters the pelvis again through the lesser sciatic foramen.


The gluteus maximus muscle

1 arises in part from the dorsal surface of the sacrum

2 is superficial to the gluteus medius muscle

3 is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve

4 has a distal attachment to the iliotibial tract

5 is an external (lateral) rotator of the hip joint


The gluteus maximus muscle

1 arises in part from the dorsal surface of the sacrum

T

2 is superficial to the gluteus medius muscle T

3 is innervated by the superior gluteal nerve F

4 has a distal attachment to the iliotibial tract T

5 is an external (lateral) rotator of the hip joint T

Gluteus maximus is innervated exclusively by the inferior gluteal nerve.Most of gluteus maximus inserts into the iliotibial tract. The remainder of the muscle inserts onto the gluteal crest on the posterior aspect of the upper end of the femoral shaft.


The following structures pass through the greater sciatic foramen below piriformis

1 tendon of obturator internus

2 superior gluteal artery

3 posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh

4 the nerve which supplies gluteus maximus

5 the nerve which supplies gluteus medius


The following structures pass through the greater sciatic foramen below piriformis

1 tendon of obturator internus F

2 superior gluteal artery F

3 posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh T

4 the nerve which supplies gluteus maximus T

5 the nerve which supplies gluteus medius F

The tendon of obturator internus crosses the lesser sciatic foramen, not greater sciatic foramen! The inferior gluteal nerve supplies gluteus maximus, and of course crosses the greater sciatic foramen below piriformis.Gluteus medius is supplied by the superior gluteal nerve which crosses the greater sciatic foramen, above piriformis.


The following are lateral rotators of the hip joint

1 Piriformis

2 gluteus maximus

3 gluteus medius

4 quadratus femoris

5 gluteus minimus


The following are lateral rotators of the hip joint

1 Piriformis T

2 gluteus maximus T

3 gluteus medius F

4 quadratus femoris T

5 gluteus minimus F

Both gluteus medius and minimus are powerful abductors of the hip joint, not lateral rotators.


exam questions gluteal region

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