evolution and domestication of canis lupus via human interaction
DESCRIPTION
Evolution and Domestication of Canis lupus via Human Interaction. By Gabe Miranda. The Questions. When and how did humans and dogs first begin to survive together in a mutualistic relationship? How and why did humans domesticate such a powerful carnivore? - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Evolution and Domestication of Canis lupus via Human Interaction](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56812a6c550346895d8df179/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Evolution and Domestication of Canis lupus via Human Interaction
By Gabe Miranda
![Page 2: Evolution and Domestication of Canis lupus via Human Interaction](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56812a6c550346895d8df179/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The Questions• When and how did humans and dogs first begin
to survive together in a mutualistic relationship?
• How and why did humans domesticate such a powerful carnivore?
• Are dog breeds really genetically different from one another?
![Page 3: Evolution and Domestication of Canis lupus via Human Interaction](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56812a6c550346895d8df179/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Ancient History
• The Canidae family has its roots in North America
• Canids left North America via the isthmus of Panama and Beringia.
• THE WOLF EVENT!!! (1.8 MYA)
![Page 4: Evolution and Domestication of Canis lupus via Human Interaction](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56812a6c550346895d8df179/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Canis lupus: Most successful large terrestrial carnivore?
• Directional Dispersal is a strategy used by young gray wolves in order to form their own packs, therefore becoming the alpha-male and female.
• Only the alpha-female and alpha-male in a pack are allowed to mate.
• Most packs consist of about 8 wolves (The mating pair, 4-6 pups and 1-2 yearlings)
• There have been packs observed that contain 42 wolves.
![Page 5: Evolution and Domestication of Canis lupus via Human Interaction](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56812a6c550346895d8df179/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Camp Wolf
• The first instance of mutualism between man and wolf happened around 30,000 years ago.
![Page 6: Evolution and Domestication of Canis lupus via Human Interaction](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56812a6c550346895d8df179/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Alpha-hypophamine addiction
• The love hormone, Oxytocin.
![Page 7: Evolution and Domestication of Canis lupus via Human Interaction](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56812a6c550346895d8df179/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Suzanne C. Miller, et alAn Examination of Changes in Oxytocin Levels in Men and Women Before and
After Interaction with a Bonded Dog
• Tested oxytocin levels in men and women before and immediately after two different stimuli were presented.
• Reading a book for 25 minutes and petting their dog for 25 minutes.
![Page 8: Evolution and Domestication of Canis lupus via Human Interaction](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56812a6c550346895d8df179/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Relevance?
• Humans are positively affected by dogs.
• Only women were affected in this particular. study.
• Provides plausible oxytocin puppy hypothesis.
Good Feelings
![Page 9: Evolution and Domestication of Canis lupus via Human Interaction](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56812a6c550346895d8df179/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Fast forward 15,000 years
The first recorded example of humans and dogs co-habitating.
![Page 10: Evolution and Domestication of Canis lupus via Human Interaction](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56812a6c550346895d8df179/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Hunting
![Page 11: Evolution and Domestication of Canis lupus via Human Interaction](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56812a6c550346895d8df179/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Genetically different breeds?Heidi G. Parker, et al
Genetic Structure of the Purebred Domestic Dog
• Is the breed of a dog really genetically significant?
• 414 individual dogs.
• 85 distinct breeds.• All 38 autosomes.
• 96 microsatellites.
![Page 12: Evolution and Domestication of Canis lupus via Human Interaction](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56812a6c550346895d8df179/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Relevance?
• Breed of a dog is a real thing!
• Physically and genetically
![Page 13: Evolution and Domestication of Canis lupus via Human Interaction](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56812a6c550346895d8df179/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Conclusion• When and how did humans and dogs first begin to
survive together in a mutualistic relationship? The exact date is still heavily debated and ranges from 100,000 years ago to 10,000 years ago. Most research I came across stated approx. 30,000 years ago.
• How and why did we domesticate such a powerful carnivore? A combination of oxytocin based emotions and the skill sets each species contributed to the mutualistic relationship.
• Are dog breeds really genetically different? Yes, one of the most diverse species on the planet.
![Page 14: Evolution and Domestication of Canis lupus via Human Interaction](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56812a6c550346895d8df179/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Future Research• Mapping the wolf
genome.
• Ruby Ruby Ruby! (transgenesis)
![Page 15: Evolution and Domestication of Canis lupus via Human Interaction](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062314/56812a6c550346895d8df179/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
References• http://www.searchingwolf.com/wevolve.htm• An Examination of Changes in Oxytocin Levels in Men and Women Before and After Interaction with a Bonded Dog.
Suzanne C. Miller*, Cathy Kennedy*, Dale DeVoe*,Matthew Hickey*, Tracy Nelson* and Lori Kogan†* Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University,USA † Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, USA
• http://www.sciencemag.org/content/304/5674/1160.full#aff-1• Spady TC, Ostrander EA (January 2008). "Canine behavioral genetics: pointing out the phenotypes and herding up the
genes". American Journal of Human Genetics 82 (1): 10–8. Chase, K., D. F. Carrier, F. R. Adler, E. A. Ostrander and K. G. Lark. 2005. Interaction between the X chromosome and an autosome regulates size sexual dimorphism in Portuguese Water Dogs. Genome Research 15:1820-1824.
• Parker, H. G., et al. 2004. Genetic structure of the purebred domestic dog. Science 304:1160-1164. Parker, H. G., and Ostrander, E. A. 2005. Canine genomics and genetics: Running with the pack. PLoS Genetics 1(5): e58.
• Sutter, N. B., et al. 2004. Extensive and breed-specific linkage disequilibrium in Canis familiaris. Genome Research 14:2388-2396.
• Ruusila, V., and M. Pesonen. 2004. Interspecific cooperationin human (Homo sapiens) hunting: The benefits of a barkingdog (Canis familiaris). Annales Zoologici Fennici 41: 545–49.
• http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.genome.gov/Images/press_photos/lowres/50-72.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.genome.gov/11007323&usg=__dNXh_CSm8ot_7PIj9qvbXnEQCbs=&h=751&w=500&sz=256&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=WLyl_q8derop5M:&tbnh=121&tbnw=81&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dboxer%2Bgenome%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26biw%3D1280%26bih%3D607%26tbs%3Disch:1&um=1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=303&vpy=143&dur=224&hovh=187&hovw=124&tx=116&ty=136&ei=2ez8TPHtI8KqlAfq97mIBQ&oei=2ez8TPHtI8KqlAfq97mIBQ&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=26&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:0