evidence of evolution
DESCRIPTION
Evidence of EVOLUTION. Evidence Supporting Evolutionary Theory. Fossil Record Biogeography Homologies Anatomical- Homologous structures Anatomical- Vestigial structures Molecular- DNA Similarities in the genetic code Developmental- Embryology. Fossils. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Evidence of EVOLUTION
Evidence Supporting Evolutionary Theory
Fossil Record Biogeography Homologies
Anatomical- Homologous structures Anatomical- Vestigial structures Molecular- DNA Similarities in the genetic
code Developmental- Embryology
Fossils
Remains, impression, tracks or other evidence of an organism that lived long agoMost fossils are found in layered sedimentary rock.
Newest fossils are at the top.
Oldest fossils are at the bottom.
Ancient shrimp fossil A shrimp today
Biogeography Scientists can study the distribution of species to help
them determine evolutionary relationships. Species that evolved from a common ancestor are usually
found geographically near each other. Just because two ecosystems are very similar, it doesn’t
mean you will find the same species inhabiting it.
Patterns in the diversity and distribution of species.
The continental drift theory, first proposed by Alfred Wegener in 1912, has been supported by oceanographic evidence. Continental drift has also influenced the distribution of species.
What is it?
Arctic AntarcticWhy aren’t they found in both places?
Why are there penguins found in Australia, Chile, and South Africa?
Homologous structures
Structures that share a common ancestor may have the same anatomical structure but
may have adapted in ways that enable the organism to survive in different
environments.
Anatomical Homologies
Anatomical similarities
TurtleAlligator
Bird
Mammal
Some organisms may not look alike, but they’re built alike
Homologous structures show evidence of:
-similar genes
-common ancestor
Homologous Structures
Turtle AlligatorBird Horse
common ancestor
Vestigial Structures Body parts and organs that
are reduced (smaller) in size and have no benefit, but are still present in the body.
Ostrich with wings
Blind cave salamander and blind cave fish
Pelvis in Snakes without legs
DNA•The genetic material of some organisms is very similar.•DNA sequences that are very similar tell us the organisms originate from a common ancestor.•When they are very different, we know the organisms are not related. •Amino acids are coded by DNA.
Amino Acid Difference in Hemoglobin Compared with
HumanSpecies DifferenceGorilla 1Rhesus Monkey 8Mouse 27Chicken 45Frog 67Lamprey 125
Animal Amino Acid Sequences in Cytochrome-C
Horse gln pro phe thr thr ala lys asn lys thr lys glu glu thr leu met glu lys ala thr
Shark gln gln phe ser thr asp lys ser lys thr gln gln glu thr leu arg ile lys thr ala
Human gln pro tyr ser thr ala lys asn lys ile gly glu asp thr leu met glu lys ala thr
Turtle gln glu phe ser thr glu lys asn lys thr gly glu asp thr leu met glu asp ala thr
Monkey gln pro tyr ser thr ala lys asn lys thr gly glu asp thr leu met glu lys ala thr
The chart below shows the amino acid sequence for cytochrome-c of five vertebrates.
1. Compare the amino acid sequence of human cytochrome-c with that of the other four vertebrates.
DNAHemoglobin Comparison
Amino acid differences from HUMAN hemoglobin proteinSpecies
Lamprey eel 125
Frog
Chicken
Gorilla
Mouse
Rhesus monkey
67
45
27
8
1
DNA directs the assembly of amino acids into specific
proteins; therefore, species that shared a common
ancestor more recently have fewer amino acid
differences.
EmbryologyThe similarities between the development and growth of a fertilized egg cell.
Embryos of different species may appear similar in early stages of development
Bird embryo Human embryo
Embryo Development
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