class ___: evolution evidence review mechanisms of evolution types of evidence
TRANSCRIPT
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Class ___: Evolution Evidence Review
• Mechanisms of Evolution• Types of Evidence
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Mechanisms of Evolution• Darwin (mid 1800’s)
– Naturalist = biologist who made observations about plants and animals
– HMS Beagle Galapagos Islands– Found species similar to those in Central and South America
… but slightly different on the different islands.• Natural Selection = organisms with traits best suited for
a given environment are more likely to survive and reproduce
• Artificial Selection = humans select for desired traits and purposely breed plants and animals for these traits
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2 Types of Selection:Natural Selection –> environmentally made
• Galapagos Islands• http://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=n3265bno2X0
Artificial Selection -> man made
• Domesticated Plants
• Animals – Dog Breeds
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Principles of Natural Selection1. Organisms produce more offspring than can survive2. Genotypic variations are found among off-spring.
Sources of variation include:– Mutations– Transpositions (Barbara McClintock)– Sexual Reproductions
3. Variations are passed on to offspring4. Some variations allow members of a population to
survive and reproduce … while others do not.5. Over time, offspring with beneficial adaptations survive
and reproduce more often more and more of the population exhibit the beneficial phenotype
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“Evolution” in Our Classroom!• Pick a tool
– Knife– Fork – Spoon
• Why did you pick the one you did?• Task 1 Results?• Pick a tool
– Knife– Fork – Spoon
• Task 2 Results?
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How fast does evolutionary change occur?
KEY IDEA: It depends … on the environment!
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How fast does evolutionary change occur?
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Drug Resistant Pathogens
Which type of evolutionary process would this be? Gradualism or Punctuated Equilibrium
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Types of Evidence• Fossil Record– Dating• Stratigraphy• Radiometric
– Geological Timeline• Similarities in genetic make-up• Homologous structures• Vestigial structures• Embryology
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Fossil Record – Paleontology/ Geology• Dating
• Stratigraphy• Radiometric
• Geological Timeline
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SY3MZ_wNFW8
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Similarities in Genetic Make-up – Molecular Biology
• All living organisms have DNA• The more closely related the more
commonalities in the sequence and pairsHumans and Chimps share 98 %Humans and other Humans share 99%
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Commonalities Structures - Anatomy• Homologous
structures =Body parts that are similar in origin and structure
• Vestigial structures = body part that doesn’t seem to have a function, anymore
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Embryology• Comparative Embryology
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Class __: Evolution Evidence
• Mechanisms of Evolution• Types of Evidence
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Mechanisms of Evolution• D________________________ (mid 1800’s)
– Naturalist = biologist who made observations about plants and animals
– HMS Beagle Galapagos Islands– Found species similar to those in Central and South
America … but slightly different on the different islands.• Natural Selection = organisms with t_______________
best suited for a given e_____________________ are more likely to survive and r____________________
• Artificial Selection = h____________________ select for desired traits and purposely breed plants and animals for these traits
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2 Types of Selection:N________________________ Selection –> e__________ made
• Galapagos Islands• http://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=n3265bno2X0
• Notes: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
A______________________ Selection -> m_____ made
• D_____________Plants
• Animals – Dog B__________
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Principles of Natural Selection1. Organisms produce more o__________ than can survive2. Genotypic variations are found among off-spring. Sources of
variation include:– M_______________________________– T______________________________ (Barbara McClintock)– S_________________________ Reproduction
3. V_____________________ are passed on to offspring4. Some variations allow members of a population to
s______________ and reproduce … while others do not.5. Over time, offspring with b______________ adaptations
survive and reproduce m________________ often more and more of the population exhibit the beneficial p____________________________
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“Evolution” in Our Classroom!• Pick a tool
– Knife– Fork – Spoon
• Why did you pick the one you did?• Task 1 Results? ___________________________________
• Pick a tool– Knife– Fork – Spoon
• Task 2 Results? ___________________________________
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How fast does evolutionary change occur?
KEY IDEA: It depends … _________________
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How fast does evolutionary change occur?
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Types of Evidence• F____________________ Record– Dating• Stratigraphy• Radiometric
– Geological Timeline• Similarities in g_______________ make-up• H_________________ structures• V_________________ structures• Embryology
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Fossil Record – Paleontology/ Geology• Dating
• S__________________• R__________________
• G_________ Timeline
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SY3MZ_wNFW8
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Similarities in Genetic Make-up – Molecular Biology
• All living organisms have _______________• The more closely r____________________
the more commonalities in the sequence and pairs Humans and Chimps share 98 %
Humans and other Humans share 99%
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Commonalities Structures - Anatomy• Homologous
structures =Body parts that are ________________origin and ________________
• Vestigial structures = body part that doesn’t seem to have a ______________, anymore
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E_________________• Comparative Embryology