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© 2004 Adventist Health Study-2

Evidence from Evidence from

Adventist Health Adventist Health

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The Adventist Advantage


AdventistsAdventistspioneers in health.pioneers in health.

GOD GOD has blessed the has blessed the SeventhSeventh--day Adventist day Adventist Church with a healing Church with a healing ministry ministry to make man to make man wholewhole..


An Extra 10 Years of LifeAn Extra 10 Years of Life

� Regular exercise� Eating plant-based diet� Eating small amounts of nuts regularly� Maintaining normal body weight� Not smoking

Adventist Health Study-1 demonstrated that 5 simple habits Adventists have promotedfor over 100 years extend their life by as muchas 10 years in both men and women


Health Habits and Life Health Habits and Life

Expectancy in AdventistsExpectancy in Adventists

8.7 years10.8 yearsDifference

79.8 years76.2 years‘Poorer Habits’2

88.5 years87.0 years‘Better Habits’1

WomenMen

1Vegetarians who exercise vigorously at least 3 times weekly, eat nuts >4 times each week. BMI < 25.90 (males), <25.20 (females), never smokers.2 Converse of the above, including eating nuts <1/week, BMI greater than limits shown above.


Effects of Individual Risk Factors Effects of Individual Risk Factors

To Increase Life ExpectancyTo Increase Life Expectancy

1.49 yrs1.33 yrsNever Smoked

1.90 yrs1.51 yrsAvoid High BMI

1.18 yrs2.87 yrsFrequent Nut Consumption

2.19 yrs2.14 yrsVigorous Exercise

1.65 yrs2.38 yrsVegetarian diet

WomenMenVariable


45-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74

Years

Fatal Heart Disease Fatal Heart Disease Californians & AdventistsCalifornians & Adventists 19761976--8888

Californians

SDA Females

SDA Males

© 2004 Adventist Health Study-220%

40%

41%

46%

67%

78%

103%

100%

Cancer ComparisonsCancer ComparisonsCalifornians & AdventistsCalifornians & Adventists 19761976--8888

Californians-all cancers

Prostate

Colon

Bladder

Stomach

Kidney

Lung

Breast


73.9

81.283.3

79.5

83.985.7

Males Females

Cal. SDA Veg. SDA

Life ExpectancyLife ExpectancyAHSAHS--1 19761 1976--8888

Yearsof life


Proportions of Subjects Surviving to Proportions of Subjects Surviving to

Ages 65 and 85 Ages 65 and 85

39842072USA

33851575UK

40882079Sweden

41902481Japan

2179861 Hungary

40862075Canada

38861875Australia

To age 85To age 65To age 85To age 65Country

% females surviving% males surviving


Proportions of Subjects Surviving to Proportions of Subjects Surviving to

Ages 65 and 85 Ages 65 and 85

60944989California SDA Vegetarians

54894187California SDA

39842072USA

33851575UK

40882079Sweden

41902481Japan

2179861 Hungary

40862075Canada

38861875Australia

To age 85To age 65To age 85To age 65Country

% females surviving% males surviving


169 176183

139 145152

Male Female

Veg, Semi Veg. Non Veg.

Diet & WeightDiet & WeightAHSAHS--1 19761 1976--8888

Weightin pounds


Fruits & vegetablesreduce cancer risk

1st toddiscover!iscover!


<3/wk <1/day >1/day

Fruit & Lung CancerFruit & Lung CancerAHSAHS--1 19761 1976--8888

RelativeRisk


Meat increases riskof colon cancer.



Never <1/wk 1+/wk

Meats & Colon CancerMeats & Colon CancerAHSAHS--1 19761 1976--8888

RelativeRisk


Never <1/wk 1+/wk

Red Meat & Colon CancerRed Meat & Colon CancerAHSAHS--1 19761 1976--8888

RelativeRisk


Never <1/wk 1+/wk

White Meat & Colon CaWhite Meat & Colon CaAHSAHS--1 19761 1976--8888

RelativeRisk


Beans reducecolon cancer risk.



<1/wk 1-2/wk >2/wk

Legumes & Colon CancerLegumes & Colon CancerAHSAHS--1 19761 1976--8888

RelativeRisk


Tomatoes reduceprostate cancer risk.



<1/wk 1-4/wk >4/wk

Tomatoes & Prostate CaTomatoes & Prostate CaAHSAHS--1 19761 1976--8888

RelativeRisk


<1/wk 1-2/wk >2/wk

Legumes & Prostate CaLegumes & Prostate CaAHSAHS--1 19761 1976--8888

RelativeRisk


Never <1/day 1/day >1/day

Soy Milk & Prostate CaSoy Milk & Prostate CaAHSAHS--1 19761 1976--8888

RelativeRisk


Meat Consumption and CancerMeat Consumption and Cancer

2.381.00Bladder

>3/week<3/week

2.301.591.00(Postmenopausal

1.751.391.00Ovary

1.411.151.00Prostate*

1.851.501.00Colon

>1/week<1/weekNeverCancer Site

Meat Frequency


Nuts reduce riskof heart disease.



Male Female

<1/wk 1-4/wk >4/wk

Nuts & CHD RiskNuts & CHD RiskAHSAHS--1 19761 1976--8888

RelativeRisk


EXAMPLES OF TREE EXAMPLES OF TREE

NUTSNUTS

Almonds WalnutsCashews Brazil Nuts Macadamias Hazel NutsPecansPine NutsPistachios

© 2004 Adventist Health Study-2Vegetarian Non-Vegetarian

<1/wk 1-4/wk >4/wk

Nuts & CHD RiskNuts & CHD RiskAHSAHS--1 19761 1976--8888

RelativeRisk


Meat increases risk of heart disease in men.



Male Female

Never <3/wk 3+/wk

Beef & Fatal CHD RiskBeef & Fatal CHD RiskAHSAHS--1 19761 1976--8888

RelativeRisk


Never <1/wk 1+/wk

Fish & CHD RiskFish & CHD RiskAHSAHS--1 19761 1976--8888

RelativeRisk


Whole wheat breadreduces heart disease.



White Mixed Whole

Bread & CHD RiskBread & CHD RiskAHSAHS--1 19761 1976--8888

RelativeRisk


5 + glasses of water a day lowers heart disease risk.



Risk of FATAL CHD according to WATER INTAKE

Males & Females (n= 27,342)

1

0.530.6

1

0.64

0.46

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

<=23 to 45+

RR

EventsEvents 23 39 53 25 51 4923 39 53 25 51 49

Glasses/day

Women Men

Age adjusted


Low Medium High

Exercise & All DeathsExercise & All DeathsAHSAHS--1 19761 1976--8888

RelativeRisk


An opportunityto witness.


An opportunityto improvehealth and life.


40% of cancer could be prevented by a better diet. BUTBUT what kind of diet and foods?

Adventists may be the best groupto answer these questions.


� Our interest in health

� Our diversity in diet

� Our potential to make an impact in Black health issues and health disparities

� Our desire to help others become whole

Adventists are a unique group: BecauseBecause


“I am delighted that the Adventist Health Study-2 isworking hard to discover the reasons for the highrate of prostate cancer among Black men. I can tell youfrom personal experience that this is a devastating disease,but when caught early, it can be successfully treated.We need more studies to bring awareness to everyoneabout this disease and also to discover its causes andhopefully find answers to prevention.”Benjamin S. Carson, Sr., M.D.Director of Pediatric NeurosurgeryProfessor of Neurological Surgery,Oncology, Plastic Surgery, and Pediatrics


“I had been seldom sick for many years. There wasboth shock and suspense when on the occasionof my annual visit to my Urologist — further tests wererequired. The verdict: Cancer of the Prostate! “Surgery!Or Radiation!!”One hope is through medical research, such as theAdventist Health Study-2. The information gathered canhelp find answers about why Black men develop prostatecancer at a disproportionate rate.


PROSTATE CANCER PROSTATE CANCER

SCREENING SCREENING

GUIDELINESGUIDELINES

PSA blood testDigital Rectal Exam

Both done annuallyBeginning at age 50



SCREENING SCREENING


Black men and men with a strong family history of one or more first-degree relatives diagnosed before age 65 should begin testing at age 45



SCREENING SCREENING


Men with multiple first degree relatives affected at an early age could begin testing at age 40


COLON CANCER COLON CANCER

SCREENING SCREENING


Beginning at age 50:

Annual Fecal Occult Blood Test

Colonoscopy every 10 years



SCREENING SCREENING


People should be screened earlier or more often if:

1. Personal history of colon cancer or polyps

2. Personal history of Inflammatory Bowel Disease



SCREENING SCREENING


3. Strong Family History (Cancer or polyps in a first degree relative or a relative younger than 60)

4. A known family history of a colon cancer syndrome

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