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Natural catastrophes in 2013 Page

Economic impact and insured losses due to natural disasters May – September 2013

Volume 2 Issue 2

EVENT™ NATURAL CATASTROPHE UPDATE

Natural catastrophes in 2013 Volume 2, Issue 1

eVENTNatural CatastrophesMay – September 2013

Contents

Major natural catastrophes in May – September 2013 .......................................................... 3

Economic impact and insured losses due to natural disasters May – September 2013......... 4

Other natural catastrophe events by peril and location.........................................................10

For further information contact:

THOMAS KIESSLING, M.Sc.Catastrophe Risk AnalystWillis RePhone: +49 (0)89 54336 189 Email: [email protected] Re GmbH & Co. KG Nymphenburgerstr. 580335 München, Germany

JOHN E. ALARCON, PhDExecutive DirectorWillis RePhone: +44 (0)20 3124 8678 Email: [email protected] Limited51 Lime StreetLondon EC3M 7DQ, UK

AVINASH CHOPADESenior Team LeadWillis RePhone: + 91 22 6683 6285Email: [email protected] Processing ServicesPlant No.6, Godrej & Boyce Mfg. CoVikhroli (West) Mumbai – 400 079

PRASAD GUNTURISenior Vice PresidentWillis RePhone: +1 952 841 6638Email: [email protected] Re Inc.7760 France Ave., Suite 450Minneapolis MN 55435, USA



Major natural catastrophes in May – September 2013

This report presents a succinct compilation of economic and insured losses from the most relevant natural events occurring between May and September of 2013, as reported by third party organizations, catastrophe model vendors and reinsurance companies.

Globally, from May to September 2013 Europe was hit worst by two sets of natural catastrophes, each one producing similar

insured losses. Chronologically, the first set of events correspond to the Elbe and Danube floods in Austria, Czech Republic and

Germany for which Willis estimated total insured losses of USD 1.9-2.7 billion (�2.5-3.5Bn). The second set of events were the

June to August Hail events that affected Germany, France, Poland, Czech Republic and Slovakia, for which Willis estimated

insured losses were of around USD 2.7 billion (�3.5Bn).

In North America, the Oklahoma tornadoes of May produced USD 1.6 billion of insured losses (PCS) while the Colorado flood of

September is reported to have caused insured losses in the order of USD 0.16 billion (PCS). There is large uncertainty about

insured losses from the Calgary floods in June though A.M. Best estimate ranges from USD 1 � 3.75 billion.

Other territories have also been impacted, such as the tropical cyclones Ingrid and Manuel affecting Mexico, or tropical cyclone

Usagi that affected the Philippines, Taiwan, China, Hong Kong and Macau. However, insured loss estimates from these events

are reported to be below USD 0.4 billion. Details on a number of natural events and their estimated insured losses are presented

in this report.

Major natural catastrophes May – September 2013 (Source of map: Willis SpatialKey application)

Willis Re Natural catastrophe events May – September 2013

Flood Calgary

Flood Colorado

Tropical Cyclone

Ingrid

Tropical Cyclone

Manuel

Tornado Moore

Tropical Cyclone

Usagi

Flood Central Europe

Hail Europe



Economic impact and insured losses due to natural disasters May – September 2013A list of abbreviations and symbols can be found on page 14.

TO Moore May 18 – 20, 2013

Moore, Oklahoma, USA

Insured losses

(in Bn USD)

• 1.575 (PCS)

• 2.2 – 6.4 (AIR)

• 2 – 5 (EQE)

• 2 – 3.5 (RMS)1

• >3 (OID)

• <5 (Credit Suisse)

Economic losses(in Bn USD)

• 3.1 (PCS)

• On 18 May a powerful storm system developed over the US plains and upper Midwest causing damage in 8 states, especially Oklahoma, Kansas, Iowa and Missouri

• The most destructive tornado (intensity 5 on the Enhanced Fujita (EF) scale) devastated parts of Moore, Oklahoma on 20 May

• At least 24 fatalities

• More than 240 injured

• Over 13,000 buildings damaged, 2 elementary schools and 1 hospital in Moore destroyed

• Airports closed, power outages, municipal water system offline, widespread fires

• Underground shelters normally provide the best refuge, but they are expensive and many households lack them

• Insurance penetration in Oklahoma is generally quite high

1 �RMS expects insured losses from the May 20, EF5 tornado in Moore Oklahoma, to be in the range of US$2-3.5 billion. This estimate includes losses from personal, commercial, and industrial lines of business, and represents structure, contents,

and time element coverages, as covered by the RMS U.S. Severe Convective Storm Model. Note that this estimate does not currently include loss to auto, transmission or distribution lines, nor does it include losses from other tornadoes that occurred in Kansas or Oklahoma as part of the same outbreak.� (RMS)

Top: Footprint with intensity (EF) of the Moore Tornado in Willis SpatialKey application (Data by NOAA)

Bottom: Storm reports across the South and Midwest for 20 May (Source: NOAA, SPC)



FL Central Europe May 28 – June, 2013

Germany, Austria, Czech Republic

Insured losses(in Bn EUR)

Total:

• 2.5 – 3.5 (Willis Re)

• 3 (Munich Re)

• 2.6 – 3.4 (Swiss Re)

Germany:

• 2 – 3 (Willis Re)

• 4 – 5.8 (AIR)

• 1.8 (GDV)

• 2.5 (MSK)

• 2.5 – 3 (Fitch)

Czech Republic:

• 0.3 – 0.4 (Willis Re)

• 0.3 (CAP)

Austria:

• 0.2 – 0.3 (Willis Re)

Other countries:

• 0.05 (Willis Re)

Economic losses(in Bn EUR)

Total:

• >12 (Munich Re)

• 13.6 (Swiss Re)

• 16.5 (Advisen Insurance Intelligence)

Germany:

• 12 (Fitch)

• 11 (DIHK)

Austria:

• 2.2 (EcoAustria)

• Heavy rainfall across Central Europe between 30 May and 3 June caused extensive flooding in Germany, Czech Republic and Austria (Wettergefahren-Frühwarnung)

• Trigger was a nearly stationary low pressure system (Frederik and Günther) over the European continent bringing more and more wet subtropical air to Central Europe (Wettergefahren-Frühwarnung)

• The highest recorded rainfall accumulation was in Aschau Stein (Bavaria, Germany) which received 405 mm in just 96 hours (DWD)

• Prior to the event over average rainfall across Germany in May caused a high level of soil saturation reducing the water absorption capacity by up to 95% (average would be 30%) leading to advanced surface runoff

• With water levels of 12.89 m Passau (Bavaria, Germany) was hit by the highest level since 1501

• In the Danube catchment Passau and Deggendorf were hit worst, in the Elbe catchment Magdeburg, Stendal near Fischbeck and Wittenberge suffered huge losses

• Widespread damage to thousands of buildings, in worst affected areas houses completely under water; thousands evacuated, closure of railway lines, roads, bridges, schools

• 25 people reported dead, some missing, many injured

• Due to the good performance of the new flood defences installed after the 2002 event many cities could be saved � Dresden e.g. experienced a notably lower flood level than in 2002

• Many flood defences are dikes or demountable flood walls near the rivers giving the rising water no space to spread out; this resulted into a long flood wave of 40 km travelling down the Elbe river extending the time water pushed against the dikes: As a consequence older dikes broke as e.g. near Fischbeck (Saxony-Anhalt, Germany)

• Insurance penetration in Germany is about 33% leaving many losses uninsured (GDV); the Federal Government provided 8 billion EUR for immediate relief (ARD)

Flood level 2002 vs 2013

River CityNormal

level (cm)

Max. level

2002 (cm)

Max. level

2013 (cm)2013 peak

Danube Deggendorf 307 745 805 05/06/2013

Danube Passau 489 947 1,289 03/06/2013

Danube Regensburg 252 661 682 04/06/2013

Elbe Dresden 216 940 876 06/06/2013

Elbe Magdeburg 234 688 746 09/06/2013

Elbe Meißen 273 1,005 06/06/2013

Saale Halle 244 323 810 05/06/2013

Top: Meteorological situation as of 31 May 2013, 00 UTC: Stationary low over Central Europe bringing heavy rainfall (Source: Wetter3)

Middle: Flood levels for various affected cities compared to the 2002 event (Sources: CEDIM, Hochwasserzentralen, WetterOnline, BfG)

Bottom: Willis footprint of the 2013 event based on JBA data, PERILS Satellite data and own field observations (Source: Willis, JBA, PERILS)



HL Europe June 17 – August 7, 2013

Germany, France, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia

Insured losses(in Bn EUR)

Total:

• 3.5 (Willis Re)

Germany:

• 2.5 (Willis Re)

• 2.7 (GDV)

• 1.5 – 2 (Swiss Re)

• 1.5 (Munich Re)

• 3 (Scor)

France:

• 0.8 (Willis Re)

Andreas in Germany:

• 1.5 – 2.5 (Willis Re)

• 1.3 – 1.5 (AIR)

• 1.5 (MSK)

Manni+Norbert:

• 0.5 (MSK)

• 3 major storm system events within 2 months: Manni, Andreas and Franz

• An unusually hot and moist air persisted over Europe during this time, interrupted by cold fronts that triggered the strong hail activity

• June 17 � 21: Manni, Norbert, Othello

o Widespread damages across France, Germany and Poland

o Hail stones of up to 9 cm diameter

• July 25 � 30: Andreas, Bernd, Christian

o Most severe of the 3 storm systems

o Germany hit worst

o Hail stones of up to 12 cm diameter(wettergefahren-fruewarnung)

• August 4 � 7: Dirk, Ernst, Franz

o Events in Saxony and Baden Württemberg, Germany

o Hailstones with size of 11.9 cm found

• Many injured (Spiegel)

• Transport and highway disruptions, fallen trees (Spiegel)

• Comparing these Willis Re initial loss estimates to the Willis German Industry Exposure Database (IED) loss exceedance curve from the Willis Pan-European Hail Model (WEHM), results give a return period in the order of 30-50 years for both Andreas as an event occurrence, and the German combined losses on the aggregated level

Local hail events from Manni (top), Andreas (middle) and Franz (bottom) (Source: Willis SpatialKey Application, data from European Severe Weather Database)



FL Calgary June 19 – June 25, 2013

Calgary, Alberta, Canada

Insured losses(in Bn USD)

• >1 (Munich Re)

• 2 (Swiss Re)

• 1 – 3.75 (A.M. Best)


• >3 (Munich Re)

• 4 (Swiss Re)

• Worst flooding in Alberta, Canada in decades

• Starting on 19 June, massive rainfall of up to 200 litres per square metre in one day coincided with late snowmelt

• City of Calgary and the town of High River hit worst

• 4 people died, 75,000 people evacuated, 100,000 displaced

• Numerous streets flooded, bridges damaged, train service disrupted due to damages along the railway, business district inaccessible for days, widespread power outages

• The Scotiabank Saddledome, the Calgary Stampede grounds and the Calgary Zoo among the worst affectedareas

• Insured losses will be driven primarily from commercial lines since �overland flooding� is not covered by home policies in Canada (PCS, IBC)

FL Colorado September 9 – 14, 2013

Colorado, USA


• 0.155 (PCS)


• >2 (EQE)

• On September 9 a slow cold front stalled over Colorado resulting 3 days of heavy rainfall starting on September 11 dumping up to 500 mm of rain per hour

• The months July and August were unusually wet providing saturated grounds for this event

• As a consequence severe flooding, flash floods and mudslides occurred

• Historic water levels in Town of Crook

• Some locations experienced a one in thousand years event for the amount of rainfall in 24 hours (NWS)

• 8 people dead, 1 missing, nearly 12,000 evacuated to shelters

• 1,500 homes destroyed, 4,500 damaged in Larimer County, 18,000 damage across Colorado, 200 businesses lost, 500 damaged

• At least 4 dams got damaged; the Pinewood Springs Dam broke sending rushing water into the city of Lyons

• Roads cut off, highways 7 and 66 shut down, bridges washed away, the state�s oil and gas industries affected, power outages

• 70% of residential houses are built of wood whereas over 50% of commercial buildings are of steel and concrete being more resistant to floods

• Flood insurance is offered by the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP), but only very little flood risk is actually insured as flood insurance is usually only bought if it�s mandatory by the mortgage lender

Footprint of the Calgary flood event (Source: SERTIT)

Rainfall across Colorado in September 2013 (Source: NWS)

Map showing counties affected by the flood (green) and settlements (red) in Colorado (Source: EQE, U.S. Census Bureau)



TC Ingrid September 12 – 17, 2013

Mexico

Hurricane category 1 (SSHS) at peak, tropical storm at landfall


• 0.184 (AMIS)


For both Ingrid and Manuel:

• 5.76 (AMIS)

• Tropical cyclone Ingrid was formed in the Bay of Campeche in the southern Gulf of Mexico

• Ingrid strengthened to a hurricane category 1, but weakened to a tropical storm before making landfall in Mexico over the town of La Pesca (ca. 150 km north of Tampico) shortly before 12:00 UTC on Monday, September 16 (NHC)

• Tamaulipas (near landfall) and Veracruz (south) hit worst

• 40 fatalities including 12 who died in a landslide in the town of Altotonga (Veracruz)

• 23,000 people evacuated (10,000 of these to emergency shelters)

• 20 highways, 12 bridges and over 10,000 houses experienced damage; both Cayo Arcas and Dos Bocas, two of Mexico's main oil terminals, were closed

• Most insured residential buildings are of confined masonry, commercial structures mostly of confined and reinforced masonry making them quite resistant against strong winds

• Low level of insurance coverage, only around 20 percent insured damages

• While Ingrid still wreaked havoc in Mexico, the next Hurricane, Manuel, already headed for Mexico

• The last time Mexico was hit by two tropical storms in 24 hours was in 1958

TC Manuel September 13 – 20, 2013

Mexico

Hurricane category 1 (SSHS) at peak, tropical storm at first landfall, category 2 at second landfall


• 0.2 (EQE)

• 0.338 (AMIS)

• Manuel originated south of Acapulco on September 13and headed northwest making his first landfall near Manzanillo, Mexico around 11 am local time onSeptember 15 as tropical cyclone (sustained wind speeds of 65 mph)

• Nearly dissipating Manuel got back over the ocean, strengthened to a hurricane and made his second landfall about 40 miles west of Culiacan, Mexico on September 19 at 8 am local time as a hurricane of category 1 (sustained wind speeds of 75 mph)

• Southern coastal state of Guerrero worst affected

• Manuel brought extensive rainfall over the states of Sinaloa, Durango and Chihuahua causing flash floods and mud slides

• 97 deaths, 58 missing, >2,000 people evacuated

• 35,000 homes damaged or destroyed

• The main airport terminal in Acapulco remains closed due to flooding; 40,000-60,000 tourists remained stuck

• Most losses are expected to be due to flooding rather than wind because buildings are generally well constructed

Storm track of Hurricane Ingrid (Source: Nasa, NHC)

Satellite image of Ingrid and Manuel over Mexico as of September 15 (Source: Earth observatory)

Storm track of Hurricane Manuel (Source: Nasa, NHC)



TC Usagi September 16 – 24, 2013

Philippines, Taiwan, China, Hong Kong, Macau

Typhoon category 5 (SSHS) at peak, 2 at landfall


• Not significant (AIR, EQE)


• 2.9 (Provincial civil affairs department China)

• Super Typhoon Usagi was formed in the West Pacific Basin to the east of the Philippines on Monday, September 16 (JTWC)

• Usagi made landfall near the city Shanwei in the province Guangdong (137 km northeast of Hong Kong) around 11:40 UTC on Sunday, September 22 as a Category 2 storm on the Saffir Simpson Hurricane Scale (SSHS)

• 70 centimeters of rain, triggering landslides in mountainous areas while coastal areas have been hit by swells, storm surge and high waves

• > 47 fatalities (U.S. News)

• 8,490 homes destroyed, more than 300,000 people evacuated (U.S. News)

• Over 300 flights cancelled in Hong Kong, trains suspended, fallen trees, power outages, schools and stock market closed, shipping suspended, nuclear power stations operating at a reduced load

• The storm was intense, but had a small radius to maximum wind speeds

• Hong Kong escaped the major impact of the storm as it was on the (weaker) left side of Usagi�s path

• The insured loss for the Philippines and Taiwan is expected to be minimal due to low insurance penetration

Top: Typhoon Usagi approaching China, September 22(Source: Earth observatory)

Bottom: Path of Typhoon Usagi (Source: NASA, NHC)



Other natural catastrophe events by peril and location

Windstorm

Name Date Location Losses (M USD)

Wellington June 20 � 22 New Zealand Insured: 33.9 (ICNZ)

Hail


Amarillo May 28 Amarillo, Texas, USA Insured: 500 (PCS)

South Dakota August 31 South Dakota, USA Unknown

Tornado – U.S.

Name Date Location Category Losses (M USD)

Texas May 15 � 16 Texas, USA 4 Unknown

Oklahoma May 26 � 31 Kansas & Oklahoma, USA 3 Unknwon

Tropical Cyclone – Atlantic


Andrea June 5 � 7 Eastern USA Tropical Storm Insured: not significant (AIR, RMS)

Barry June 17 � 20 Mexico Tropical Storm Insured: not significant (EQE)

Chantal July 8 � 10 Caribbean and USA Tropical Storm Insured: not significant (EQE)

Dorian July 24 � August 3 Caribbean and USA Tropical Storm Insured: not significant

Erin August 15 � 18 off Western Africa Tropical Storm Insured: not significant

Fernand August 25 � 26 Mexico Tropical Storm Insured: not significant (EQE)

Gabrielle September 4 � 13Bermuda, Caribbean,

CanadaTropical Storm Insured: not significant (EQE)

Humberto September 8 � 19 Cape Verde 1 Economic: low impact (GDACS)

Jerry Sept. 29 � Oct. 3 Offshore Caribbean Tropical Storm Economic: low impact (GDACS)



Tropical Cyclone – Eastern Pacific


Alvin May 15 � 17 off Mexico Tropical Storm Insured: not significant

Barbara May 28 � 30 Southwestern Mexico 1 Insured: not significant (AIR)

Cosme June 23 � 27 Southwestern Mexico 1 Insured: not significant

Dalila June 30 � July 7 Western Mexico 1 Insured: not significant

Erick July 4 � 9 Western Mexico 1 Economic: low impact (GDACS)

Flossie July 25 � 30 Hawaii Tropical Storm Insured: not significant (AIR, EQE)

Gil July 30 � August 7 off Mexico 1 Insured: not significant (RMS)

Henriette August 3 � 11 off Mexico 2 Economic: low impact (GDACS)

Pewa August 16 � 18 off Hawaii Tropical Storm Economic: low impact (GDACS)

Unala August 19 off Hawaii Tropical Storm Economic: low impact (GDACS)

Three-C August 19 � 20 off Mexico Tropical Depression Insured: not significant

Ivo August 22 � 25 Baja California, Mexico Tropical Storm Economic: low impact (GDACS)

Juliette August 28 � 30 Baja California, Mexico Tropical Storm Insured: not significant (EQE)

Kiko August 31 � Sept. 2 Southwestern USA Tropical Storm Economic: low impact (GDACS)

Lorena September 5 � 8 Baja California, Mexico Tropical Storm Economic: low impact (GDACS)

Tropical Cyclone – Indian Ocean


Mahasen May 10 � 17Indonesia, Thailand,

IndiaTropical Storm Insured: not significant (AIR)



Tropical Cyclone – Western Pacific and Oceania


Zane April 30 � May 2Australia off northeast

QueenslandTropical Storm Insured: not significant (RMS)

Yani (Dante) June 6 � 12 Philippines, Japan Tropical Storm Economic: low impact (GDACS)

Leepi (Emong)

June 16 � 21 Philippines, Taiwan Tropical Storm Economic: low impact (GDACS)

Bebinca (Fabian)

June 19 � 24Philippines, China,

VietnamTropical Storm Economic: low impact (GDACS)

Rumbia (Gorio)

June 27 � July 2 Philippines, China Tropical Storm Economic: low impact (GDACS)

Soulik (Huaning)

July 7 � 14Philippines, Taiwan,

China4

Insured: not significant for Taiwan (AIR, EQE), economic: medium impact (GDACS), 407 (State Flood

Control and Drought Relief Headquarters Office, China)

Cimaron (Isang)

July 15 � 18Philippines, Taiwan,

ChinaTropical Storm Economic: low impact (GDACS)

Jebi (Jolina) July 26 � August 3Philippines, China,

VietnamTropical Storm Economic: medium impact (GDACS)

Mankhut (Kiko)

August 5 � 7Philippines, China,

VietnamTropical Storm Economic: low impact (GDACS)

Utor (Labuyo) August 8 � 18 Philippines, China 4Insured: < 200 for China (EQE), not significant for

Philippines (AIR, EQE), economic: > 2,100 (NATDIS)

Trami (Maring)

August 15 � 22Philippines, Taiwan,

ChinaTropical Storm

Insured: not significant due to low insurance penetration, economic: 336.8 (NATDIS)

Kong-rey (Nando)

August 25 � 31Philippines, Taiwan,

JapanTropical Storm Insured: not significant (EQE)

Yutu August 29 � Sept. 5 Off Japan Tropical Storm Insured: not significant

Toraji August 31 � Sept. 4 Taiwan, Japan Tropical Storm Insured: not significant (EQE)

Man-Yi September 10 � 16 Japan Tropical Storm Economic: low impact (GDACS)

Pabuk September 19 � 27 Guam 2 Economic: low impact (GDACS)

Wutip Sept. 25 � Oct. 1Philippines, Vietnam,

Thailand, Laos, China2 Insured: not significant (EQE), economic: 263 (IFRC)

Fitow (Quedan)

Sept. 29 � Oct. 7Philippines, Japan,

Taiwan, China2

Insured: not significant (EQE) due to low insurance penetration, economic: medium impact (GDACS), 160

(Provincial Flood Control Office China)

Sepat Sept. 29 � Oct. 2 Japan Tropical Storm Insured: not significant (AIR)



Flood


North Island May 4 � 7 North Island, New Zealand Insured: 1.8 (ICNZ)

Norway May 24 � 29 South Norway Insured: 39.3 (FNO)

Northern India June 15 � 28 Northern India, Nepal Insured: > 250 (GI Council India)

China July 6 � August China, especially Sichuan Economic: 4,533 (ReliefWeb)

Toronto July 8 Toronto, Canada Insured: 850 (IBC)

Nottinghamshire July 23 � August Nottinghamshire, UK Unknown

North Carolina July 27 � August North Carolina, USA Unknown

Japan July 28 � August Japan Unknown

Inner Mongolia July 30 � August Inner Mongolia Unknown

Sudan August 1 � 22 Sudan Economic: medium impact (GDACS)

Central USA August 4 � 31 Kansas and Missouri, USA Unknown

Eastern Russia August 14 � 31 Eastern Russia Economic: 605 (Russian Soybean Union)

Inner Mongolia August 14 � 23 Liaoning and Inner Mongolia Economic: 359.24 (NATDIS)

Teeside September 6 � 30 Teeside, Northeast England, UK Unknown

Eastern Romania

September 11 � 30 Eastern Romania Insured: not significant

Thailand September 18 � 30 Thailand Unknown

South Brazil September 21 � 22 South Brazil Unknown

Wildfire


Santa Barbara May 27 � June 3 Santa Barbara, California, USA Economic: 3.11 (InciWeb)

Colorado June 11 � July 24 Colorado, USA Insured: 500 (AIR), 292.8 (RMIIA)

Arizona June 28 � July 10 Yarnell, Arizona Unknown

Pine Nut Mountains July 4 � August 12 Pine Nut Mountains, Douglas County, Nevada, USA Economic: 7.7 (InciWeb)

California August 7 � September California, USA Unknown

Rim Fire August 17 � September 20 Yosemite, California, USA Economic: 127.2 (InciWeb)

Clover September 9 � 19 Clover, northern California, USA Unknown

New Jersey September 12 � 13 Seaside Park, New Jersey, USA Unknown



Earthquake

Date Local time Location Mw Losses (M USD)

May 1 12:27 Eastern Kashmir 5.7 Economic: < 100 (with 90% probability, USGS)

May 23 20:47 NNE of Canyondam, California, USA 5.7 Economic: < 1 (with 99% probability, USGS)

May 24 15:57 Sea of Okhotsk 8.3 Economic: < 1 (with 99% probability, USGS)

May 26 10:37 Eastern Uzbekistan 5.7 Economic: < 10 (with 91% probability, USGS)

May 27 4:41 Panama - Costa Rica Border Region 5.7 Economic: < 100 (with 97% probability, USGS)

June 2 13:43 Taiwan 6.2 Economic: < 10 (with 95% probability, USGS)

June 15 11:34 Near the coast of Nicaragua 6.5 Economic: < 10 (with 95% probability, USGS)

July 2 14:37 Northern Sumatra, Indonesia 6.1 Economic: < 10 (with 97% probability, USGS)

July 8 6:30 Papua New Guinea 6.6 Economic: < 10 (with 98% probability, USGS)

July 13 21:37 Southern Peru 6.0 Economic: < 10 (with 95% probability, USGS)

July 21 17:09 Cook Strait, New Zealand 6.5 Economic: < 100 (with 93% probability, USGS)

July 22 7:45 Gansu, China 5.9 Economic: 10 � 10,000 (with 83% probability, USGS)

August 4 12:28 Near the East Coast of Honshu, Japan 5.8 Economic: < 10 (with 95% probability, USGS)

August 16 14:31 Cook Strait, New Zealand 6.5 Economic: 10 � 10,000 (with 83% probability, USGS)

August 21 5:38 Guerrero, Mexico 6.2 Economic: < 10 (with 95% probability, USGS)

August 31 8:04 Sichuan-Yunnan Border Region, China 5.8 Economic: 1 � 1,000 (with 83% probability, USGS)

September 6 18:13 Guatemala 6.6 Economic: medium impact (GDACS)

September 24 16:29 Pakistan 7.7 Economic: 10 � 10,000 (with 83% probability, USGS)

September 25 11:42 Offshore Southern Peru 7.1 Economic: < 10 (with 95% probability, USGS)

Abbreviations

Symbols from Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC)

BL Blizzard TC Tropical Cyclone

DR Drought TO Tornado

EQ Earthquake TS Thunderstorm

FL Flood VE Volcanic Eruption

HL Hail WF Wildfire

ME Meteoroid WS Windstorm



SourcesAdvisen Insurance intelligence (advisen.com), AIR (AIR Worldwide: air-worldwide.com), A.M. Best (A.M. Best Company: ambest.com), AMIS (Mexican Association of Insurance Institutions: amis.org.mx), ARD (Arbeitsgemeinschaft der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten der Bundesrepublik Deutschland: tagesschau.de), BfG (Bundesamt für Gewässerkunde (Deutschland)), CAP(Czech Association of Insurance Companies: cap.cz), CEDIM (Center for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction Technology), Credit Suisse (credit-suisse.com), DIHK (Deutscher Industrie- und Handelskammertag: dihk.de), DWD (Deutscher Wetterdienst: dwd.de), Earth observatory (by NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, USA): earthobservatory.nasa.gov), EcoAustria (ecoaustria.at), EQE (EQECAT, Inc.: eqecat.com), European Severe Weather Database (www.essl.org/ESWD), FGDC(Federal Geographic Data Committee: fgdc.gov), Fitch (Fitch Ratings: fitchratings.com), FNO (Finance Noway: fno.no/en), GDACS(Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System: gdacs.org), GDV (Gesamtverband der Deutschen Versicherungswirtschaft e. V.: gdv.de), GI Council India (General Insurance Council India: gicouncil.in), Hochwasserzentralen (Länderübergreifendes Hochwasserportal Deutschland: hochwasserzentralen.de), IBC (Insurance Bureau of Canada: ibc.ca), ICNZ (The Insurance Council of New Zealand: icnz.org.nz), IFRC (International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies: ifrc.org), InciWeb (Incident Information System: inciweb.org), JBA (JBA Risk Management Limited: jbarisk.com), JTWC (Joint Typhoon Warning Center: jtwccdn.appspot.com/JTWC), MSK (Meyerthole Siems Kohlruss: aktuare.de), Munich Re (munichre.com), NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration, USA: nasa.gov), NATDIS (Natural Disaster News: naturaldisastersnews.net), NHC (National Hurricane Center: nhc.noaa.gov), NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, USA: noaa.gov), NWS (NOAA National Weather Service: weather.gov), OID (Oklahoma Insurance Department: ok.gov/oid), PCS (Property Claims Services: verisk.com/property-claim-services), PERILS (PERILS AG: perils.org), Provincial civil affairs department China, Provincial Flood Control Office China,ReliefWeb (by OCHA (United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs): reliefweb.int), Reuters (reuters.com), RMS(Risk Management Solutions: rms.com), RMIIA (Rocky Mountain Insurance Information Association: rmiia.org), Russian Soybean Union, SERTIT (sertit.u-strasbg.fr), Spiegel (spiegel.de), SPC (Storm Prediction Center: spc.noaa.gov), State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters Office, China, Swiss Re (swissre.com), U.S. Census Bureau (census.gov), USGS (United States Geological Survey: usgs.gov), U.S. News (U.S. News & World Report: usnews.com), Wetter3 (wetter3.de), Wettergefahren-Frühwarnung (by CEDIM/KIT (Center for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction Technology / Karlsruhe Institute of Technology): wettergefahren-fruehwarnung.de), WetterOnline (wetteronline.de), Willis, Willis Re, Willis SpatialKey Application

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