eth over sdh_new

© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in USA.Presentation_ID.scr

1© 2004 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.OPT-20419712_05_2004_c2

IMPLEMENTING OPTICAL ETHERNET NETWORKS WITH PLUGGABLE OPTICS SESSION OPT-2041


Agenda

• A Quick Look at Gigabit and Ten-Gigabit Ethernet Applications

• Fiber Optics Basic Concepts and Terminology

• An Overview of IEEE Standards for Optical Ethernet

• Cisco Pluggable Transceivers

• Cisco Transceivers for Non-IEEE Applications

• Fiber Optics Cables and Cisco Pluggable Optics



Gigabit and Ten-Gigabit Ethernet in Campus Networking

DistributionDistribution

CoreCore

DistributionDistribution

AccessAccess

AccessAccessGigabit EtherChannelGigabit EtherChannel®®

Gigabit EtherChannelGigabit EtherChannel1010--Gigabit EthernetGigabit Ethernet

Gigabit EthernetGigabit Ethernet

1010--Gigabit EthernetGigabit Ethernet1010--Gigabit EtherChannelGigabit EtherChannel

WD

M

Multimode/SingleMultimode/SingleMode FiberMode Fiber

Data CenterData CenterMultimode Fiber

Single Fiber

Multimode Fiber

Internet


Enterprise Ethernet WANs

• GigE WDM, or 10GE for campus extension

• Enterprise leases/owns dark fiber• Extended distances (≥40km)

Multi-Gigabit Ethernet Pipe



Ten-Gigabit Ethernet Transport across a Legacy SONET/SDH Infrastructure

• Enterprise leasing an OC-192/STM-64 circuit to transport 10-gigabit Ethernet

• 10GE LAN-PHY not an option given the speed mismatch between 10GE LAN PHY (10.3125Gb/s) and OC-192/STM-64 (9.95Gb/s)

• A technology to allow Ethernet and SONET/SDH to interoperate is required; this technology is known as 10 GE WAN-PHY

Enterprise/SP Demarc

SONET/SDH OC-192 Interface

SONET/SDH ADM

Ethernet Switch

SONET/SDH OC-192 Interface

SDH/SONET Cloud


Metro Ring—Single Mode FiberTypically CWDM or DWDM-Based

Hub/Central Office

Site 1

Gigabit Ethernet Metro Access Ring

Ethernet Switch

Ethernet Switchand 2 WDM GBICs

Site 2 Site 3 Site 4

Site 8 Site 7 Site 6

Ethernet Switch

Site 5

WDMOADM 1WDMOADM 1

WDMMUX-8WDMMUX-8

WDM MUX-8WDM MUX-8



VoDCisco

Catalyst Switch

DWDMD-Mux

DWDMMux

GbEQAM

Video on Demand Ethernet Transport

• DWDM architecture for VoD transport can be standard BIDIRECTIONAL (two fibers) or UNIDIRECTIONAL (single fiber with receive-only WDM GBIC/Xenpaks on the receiving end of link)

• Cisco currently supports VoD transport with DWDM GBICs (1GbE) and DWDM Xenpaks (10GbE)

Cisco Catalyst Switch

HFCDWDM

GBICs in Catalyst Switch


EFM (802.3ah) Fiber Point-to-Point:1000BaseLX and 1000BaseBX

• Business and residential access over single mode fiber

• Reach for Ethernet over fiber increased up to 10km

• 1Gbps—maximized performance to each user• Options defined for either single or dual fiber infrastructure

EthernetSwitch

1Gbps

10km Single Mode Fiber



Agenda

• A Quick Look at Gigabit and Ten-Gigabit Ethernet Applications







Buffer/Coating

250µm

Cladding

125µmSingle Mode

~9µm

Core

Anatomy of a Fiber-Optic Cable

• Both the core and the cladding are made primarily of silica (SiO2)• Dopants are introduced in the core (and/or cladding) so that the

refractive index is slightly higher in the core than in the cladding



n2n2

n1n1

CladdingCladding

CoreCore

n2n2

n1n1

CladdingCladding

CoreCore

Single Mode Fiber vs. Multimode Fiber

• Multimode Fiber (MMF)Core diameter varies:

50µm (optimized for 850nm operations)62.5µm

Modal dispersion (see later) limits the transmission reach; a typical figure of merit is the Bandwidth * Distance product expressed in MHz-kmThe bandwidth * distance product is often not well known in the field; different fibers have different performanceIEEE adopted worst-case fibers to define the max distance (see later)

• Single Mode Fiber (SMF)Core diameter is about 9µmAttenuation and chromatic dispersion (see later) are the main limiting factor introduced by single mode fibers


L-Band: 1565–1625nm

Fiber Attenuation (Loss) Characteristic

800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600

UV Absorption

OH- Absorption Peaks inActual Fiber Attenuation Curve

Rayleigh Scattering

IR Absorption

Wavelength in Nanometers (nm)

0.2dB/Km

0.5dB/Km

2.0dB/Km

Loss(dB)/km vs. WavelengthS-Band: 1460–1530nm

C-Band: 1530–1565nm



Fiber Loss and dB

• Light traveling through an optical fiber exhibits a power that decreases exponentially; a convenient way to measure losses is by using the concept of “decibel,” which is a logarithmic function

Pin Pout

L [km]

Example:

A Fiber of 10km Length Has Pin = 10µW and Pout = 5µW

Its Loss in dB Is:

Total Lossdb = 10 * log(10/5) = 3dB

Per Kilometer Lossdb/km = 3dB/10km = 0.3dB/km

Ldb/km= 10 * log(Pin/Pout)/L


Laser Output Power and Receiver Sensitivity in dBm

• Both the transmitter output power and the receiver sensitivityare expressed in “decibel milliwatt” or dBm:

dB and dBm Are Additive, Hence the Simplification when Calculating Power Budgets in Decibels

Example:• Powerdbm = 10log(2mW/1mW) = 3dBm• Powerdbm = 10log(1mW/1mW) = 0dBm

PowerdBm = 10log(PmW/1mW)



Modal Dispersion (MMF Only)

• Each mode (or ray) travels along a different path and arrives at a destination at a different point in time; as a result the optical pulse is spread and may overlap with adjacent pulses (this effect is also known as Inter-Symbol-Interference), thus increasing the bit error rate


Chromatic Dispersion (CD)

• The optical pulse tends to spread as it propagates down the fiber generating Inter-Symbol-Interference (ISI) and therefore limiting either the bit rate or the maximum achievable distanceat a specific bit rate

• The overall effect of pulse broadening is similar to modal dispersion, but the physics is totally different; CD (on MMF) is~1000 weaker than modal dispersion

Bit 1 Bit 2

Physics Behind the Effect:The Refractive Index Has a Wavelength Dependent Factor, so the Different Frequency Components of the Optical Pulses Are Traveling at Different Speeds

Bit 1 Bit 2Bit 1 Bit 2Bit 1 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 2



How to Read the Dispersion Specification of Optical Transceivers

EXAMPLE:• If transceiver has dispersion tolerance of +1600ps/nm

• And if standard SMF fiber which has a coefficient of dispersion of 16ps/nm*km

• Then the maximum reach is 100Km (see above formula)

Distance (Km) =Specification of Transceivers (ps/nm)

Coefficient of Dispersion of Fiber (ps/nm*km)


Wavelength Division Multiplexing Concept



Agenda

• A Quick Look at Ethernet Gigabit and Ten-Gigabit Applications







IEEE Ethernet Standard for Gigabit and Ten-Gigabit Optical

The IEEE 802.3 Working Group Develops Standards for Ethernet-Based LANs

(See http://www.ieee802.org/3/ for More Information)

ActiveTask Force

Active Task force

CompletedCompletedStatus

http://www.ieee802.org/3/10GMMFSG/index.html

http://www.ieee802.org/3/efm/inde

x.html

http://www.ieee802.org/3/ae/index

.html

http://www.ieee802.org/3/z/index.

htmlURL

10 Gigabit Ethernet over at Least 220 m of

Legacy Multimode Fiber

Ethernet in the First Mile

(100/1000 Unidir-Bidir Optics,

Multimode and 10 km Single

Mode)

10 Gigabit Ethernet on

Multimode and Single Mode

Gigabit Etherneton Multimode

and Single Mode Fiber

Description

IEEE 802.3 P802.3aqIEEE P802.3ahIEEE Std

802.3ae-2002IEEE Std 802.3z-

1998Standard



IEEE 802.3z Gigabit Ethernet Standard Optics

• 1000BaseSX: 850 nm optics (multimode fiber only) applications

• 1000BaseLX: 1300 nm optics for multimode and single mode applications

500/550160/22062.5µm FDDI-Grade500/550200/27562.5µm OM-1

1000BaseLX

1300 nm Modal Bandwidth

(MHz*km)/Operating Range (Meters)

1000BaseSX

850 nm Modal Bandwidth (MHz*km)/Operating

Range (Meters)

Fiber Type

—/5000—Single Mode500/Not Standardized2000/Not Standardized50µm OM-3

500/550500/55050µm OM-2

400/550400/50050µm


IEEE 802.3ae Ten-Gigabit Ethernet Standard Optics

40—

—

—

—

—

10GBaseE

(1550nm G.652 Single Mode)

Operating Range (km)

10—

—

—

—

—

10GBaseL

(1300nm G.652 Single Mode)

Operating Range (km)

500/300160/2662.5µm FDDI-Grade

500/300200/3362.5µm OM-1

10GBaseLX4

4 Lanes—1300 nm Modal Bandwidth (MHz*km)/Operating

Range (km)

10GBaseS

850nm Modal Bandwidth (MHz*km)/Operating

Range (Meters)

Fiber Type

—/10—Single Mode 500/3002000/300050µm OM-3

500/300500/8250µm OM-2

400/240400/6650µm



A Word on the Mode Conditioning Cable (MCP) for 1000BaseLX/10GBaseLX4

• According to the 802.3z standard: “To ensure that the specification[reported in the previous table] are met with MMF links, the 1000BASE-LX transmitter output shall be coupled through a single mode fiber offset-launch mode conditioning patchcord […]”

• The same comment appears in 802.3ae w.r.t. 10GBaseLX4

(Cisco PID: CAB-GELX-625=)


IEEE 802.3ae 10 Gigabit Ethernet Standard

Media Access Control (MAC)Full Duplex

Media Access Control (MAC)Full Duplex

WWDMPMD

1310nm

SerialPMD

850nm

WWDM LAN PHY(8B/10B)

10 Gigabit Media Independent Interface (XGMII) or10 Gigabit Attachment Unit Interface (XAUI)

SerialLAN PHY(64B/66B)

SerialPMD

1310nm

SerialPMD

1550nm

SerialPMD

850nm

SerialPMD

1310nm

SerialPMD

1550nm

SerialWAN PHY

(64B/66B + WIS)

-LX4-LX4 -SR-SR -LR-LR -SW-SW -LW-LW -EW-EW-ER-ER

WWDM = Coarse WDMPMD = Physical Media Dependent Sublayer or Transceiver

WIS = WAN Interface Sublayer

PHY = Physical Layer



LAN PHY vs. WAN PHY (1/2)

• IEEE 802.3 standardizes two PHY options

• LAN PHY is the “classic” Ethernet PHY that operates at a 10.3125Gb/s

• WAN PHY is a type of 10GbE PHY which allows LAN equipment to interoperate with traditional SONET/SDH optical transport gear at OC-192 speeds or 9.95Gb/s

• The idea is to wrap Ethernet frames in a concatenated OC-192c payload by means of an extra layer (WAN Interface Sublayer) in the PCS (see next slide)

• A WAN PHY interface is NOT SONET/SDH compliant in terms of optical/electrical specifications; WAN PHY can rather be consider SONET/SDH friendly


LAN PHY vs. WAN PHY (2/2)

MAC Layer

64b/66b PCS(Physical Coding

Sublayer)


Sublayer)


Sublayer)


Sublayer)

SERDES 16x644Mb/sSERDES 16x644Mb/s SERDES 16x622Mb/sSERDES 16x622Mb/s

PMD

Serial LANSerial LAN Serial WANSerial WAN

Simplified SONET Framer STS-192c/Scrambling

! = PCS:Stream Encodedwith SONET POH

9.95Gb/s

Same PMD

WIS(WAN Interface Sublayer)

WIS(WAN Interface Sublayer)

PHY

(Conceptual Diagram)



1000Base10BX-D, 10km 1000BaseBX-U, 10km

1000BaseLX10550m,

Extended Temperature

100BaseBX10-D, 10km100BaseBX10-U, 10km

—SingleFiber

1000BaseLX, 5km1000BaseLX10, 10 km, Extended Temperature

1000BaseSX100BaseLX10

10km100BaseFX

550mDualFiber

SMFMMFSMFMMF1000Mbps100Mbps

IEEE 802.3: P2P PMDs

• EFM (802.3ah) completes the dual fiber standards suite

• EFM add single fiber to the IEEE802.3 standard• EFM allows for GbE extended temperature and reach

In Red the 802.3ah Addition to the IEEE Standard


1000BaseBX-U, 1000BaseBX-D: Operating Principle

• Laser and receiver in same package where optical light path is split into second and third window by aWDM filter

• WDM filter has a typical insertion loss <1.0dB

Single G.652 Fiber

1310nm Laser

1490nm Laser

1.3µm Receiver 1.5µm Receiver

GLC-BX-1490 GLC-BX-1310



IEEE 802.3aq or 10Gb/s on FDDI-Grade MM Fiber

• At 10Gb/s the effects of modal dispersion heavily deteriorate the signal; the original solution of IEEE 802.3ae to combat modal dispersion and extend the reach of 10Gb/s over legacy MM fiber up to 300m was to use 4 parallel 2.5Gb/s speed signals (LX4) instead of a serial 10Gb/s signal

• Recently a new IEEE Task Force has started to work on a new standard to allow serial 10Gb/s optics (unlike 10GBASE-LX4) operate on 220m (at least) of legacy FDDI-grade multimode fiber

• To correct the severe modal dispersion at 10Gb/s the Task Force is evaluating various technologies such as Electronic Dispersion Compensation (EDC), which is a post-equalization technique to recover at the receiver a signal degraded by modal dispersion in the electronic domain (see next slide)

• The goal is to reduce the costs of LX4 optics which employ 4 lasers, 4 photo-receivers and 2 filters; the manufacturing complexity is also a factor that adds costs compared to a solution based on serial optics (1 laser, 1 photo-receiver)

• Moreover, LX4 optics cannot be implemented in 10Gb/s small form factor pluggable optics (XFP—see later), which has the potential of becoming a very popular factor in next generation switches


Electronic Equalization Concept

Input Optical Signal

Pluggable Module Schematic

EDC Chipset

Optical Eye Electrical Eye

Electrical Signal tothe Linecard



Agenda








Gigabit Ethernet Pluggable Transceivers

• Gigabit Interface Converter, a.k.a. GBIC: it is an industry-wide standard (or Multi-Source Agreement—MSA) for Fibre Channel and Gigabit Ethernet transceivers; (GBIC specification document: ftp://ftp.seagate.com/sff/SFF-8053.PDF)

• Small Form Factor Pluggable, a.k.a. SFP: it is another standard MSA to support a large number of applications including Gigabit Ethernet (SFP specification document: ftp://ftp.seagate.com/sff/INF-8074.PDF)

• Both GBIC and SFP are hot-pluggable, full-duplex serialinterface converters that take electrical signals and convert them into optical signals to run over fiber-optic cables



GBIC vs. SFP

• SFPs can be considered the next generation of GBICs, designed to consume less power(1w vs. 1.5W) and take up less space than GBICs (thus allowing greater densities and/or lower power consumptions)

• Cisco SFPs utilize LC connectors, while Cisco GBICs adopt SC connectors• Both GBICs and SFPs are available on Cisco switches and routers; new linecards and

stackable switches tend to adopt SFPs• Cisco SFPs in the near future will all support Digital Optical Monitoring (DOM) and

extended temperature range (-5°C to +85°C case temp.)• Cisco GBICs will not support DOM, with the exception of DWDM GBICs and will operate

only in the commercial temperature range (0°C to +70°C case temp.)

SFP GBIC


Cisco GBICs, SFPs and IEEE (Optical) Standards

1000BaseSX1000BaseSX

1000BaseLX1000BaseLX

N/AN/A

WSWS--G5484/GLCG5484/GLC--SXSX--MMMM850nm MMF850nm MMF

WSWS--G5486/GLCG5486/GLC--LHLH--SMSM1300nm SMF LX/LH 10km1300nm SMF LX/LH 10km

WSWS--G5487/GLCG5487/GLC--ZXZX--SMSM1550nm SMF1550nm SMF

IEEE 802.3z/802.3ah

1000BaseBX1000BaseBX--U, 1000BaseBXU, 1000BaseBX--DDGLCGLC--BXBX--1310, GLC1310, GLC--BXBX--149014901310/1490nm SMF 10km1310/1490nm SMF 10km

N/AN/ACWDMCWDM--GBICGBIC--xxxx/xxxx/CWDMCWDM--SFPSFP--xxxxxxxx1470 to 1610 CWDM1470 to 1610 CWDM

N/AN/ADWDMDWDM--GBICGBIC--xx.yyxx.yyCC--Band 100GHz GridBand 100GHz Grid

GBIC/SFP



Cisco GBICs and SFPs: Ethernet Application Mapping

Data Center/CampusData Center/Campus

Campus CoreCampus Core

PointPoint--toto--Point Campus ExtensionPoint Campus ExtensionMetro AccessMetro Access

WSWS--G5484/GLCG5484/GLC--SXSX--MMMM850nm MMF850nm MMF

WSWS--G5486/GLCG5486/GLC--LHLH--SMSM1300nm SMF LX/LH 10km1300nm SMF LX/LH 10km

WSWS--G5487/GLCG5487/GLC--ZXZX--SMSM1550nm SMF1550nm SMF

GBIC/SFP Target Solution

““Ethernet in the First MileEthernet in the First Mile””GLCGLC--BXBX--1310, GLC1310, GLC--BXBX--149014901310/1490nm SMF 10km1310/1490nm SMF 10km

Metro AccessMetro Access(Ring ~ 50km, P(Ring ~ 50km, P--toto--P 100km)P 100km)

Metro/VoD(~ 200km with Optical Amplification)

Metro/VoDMetro/VoD(~ 200km with Optical Amplification)(~ 200km with Optical Amplification)

DWDMDWDM--GBICGBIC--xx.yyxx.yyCC--Band 100GHz GridBand 100GHz Grid

CWDMCWDM--GBICGBIC--xxxx/xxxx/CWDMCWDM--SFPSFP--xxxxxxxx1470 to 1610 CWDM1470 to 1610 CWDM


10 Gigabit Ethernet Pluggable Transceivers

Cisco Focuses on Three Types of 10GbE Pluggable MSAs: • Xenpak (www.xenpak.org)

• X2 (www.x2msa.org)• XFP (www.xfpmsa.org)

√

Catalyst 3000

√

Next Gen. 10G Routers

Cards

XFP√X2

√Xenpak

Catalyst 4000

Catalyst 6000

Supporting Platforms

(07/04)



Different MSAs for Different Form Factors

(Courtesy JDSU)

X2

X2

Size

Power

Density


Xenpak vs. X2 vs. XFP (1/2)

• Size is the most obvious difference among the three form factors; the drawback of bigger form factors is a lower density achievable on linecards; on the other hand, a bigger size form factor facilitates power dissipation, thus simplifying the thermal design of long reach (10GBaseE) and DWDM modules and linecards

• Cisco Xenpak and X2 currently support only IEEE 802.3ae 10 Gigabit Ethernet; XFP, because it does not include a mux/demux function, is protocol agnostic and can support OC192/STM-64, 10G Fibre Channel, G.709, and 10G Ethernet

• Xenpak and X2 use a 4-lanes XAUI interface as board interconnect standard; Xenpak and X2 are electrically compatible; on the other hand XFP uses a serial electrical interface, known as XFI, as a board interconnect

• XFP is smaller (and consumes less power) also because it removesthe Serializing/Deserializing circuitry (SERDES) and XAUI interface which are built-in Xenpak and X2 modules



Xenpak/X2 vs. XFP (2/2)

FiberOptics

PMD

E/OConversion

PCSPCS

64b/66b64b/66bEncodingEncoding

PMAPMA

16:116:1Mux/DemuxMux/Demux

HostLine Card

Optical 10.3125Gb/s

Electrical 10.3125Gb/s

XSBI 16x644Mb/s

XAUI4x3.125Gb/s

Xenpak/X2 Architecture

PMD

E/OConversion

HostLine Card Fiber

Optics

Optical 10.3125Gb/s

XFI10.3125Gb/s

XFPArchitecture


Cisco Xenpak and IEEE (Optical) Standards

10GBaseS10GBaseS

10GBaseE10GBaseE

10GBaseL10GBaseL

XENPAKXENPAK--10GB10GB--SRSR850nm SMF850nm SMF

XENPAKXENPAK--10GB10GB--ERER1550nm SMF 40km1550nm SMF 40km

XENPAKXENPAK--10GB10GB--LRLRLAN PHY 1300nm SMFLAN PHY 1300nm SMF

Xenpak IEEE 802.3z/802.3ah

10GBaseL10GBaseLXENPAKXENPAK--10GB10GB--LWLWWAN PHY 1300nm SMFWAN PHY 1300nm SMF

N/AN/ADWDMDWDM--XENPAKXENPAK--xx.yyxx.yyCC--Band 100 GHz Grid 80kmBand 100 GHz Grid 80km

10GBaseLX410GBaseLX4XENPAKXENPAK--10GB10GB--LX4LX41300nm MMF1300nm MMF



XENPAKXENPAK--10GB10GB--SRSR850nm SMF850nm SMF

XENPAKXENPAK--10GB10GB--ERER1550nm SMF 40km1550nm SMF 40km

XENPAKXENPAK--10GB10GB--LRLRLAN PHY 1300nm SMFLAN PHY 1300nm SMF

Xenpak

XENPAKXENPAK--10GB10GB--LWLWWAN PHY 1300nm SMFWAN PHY 1300nm SMF

DWDMDWDM--XENPAKXENPAK--xx.yyxx.yyCC--Band 100 GHz Grid 80kmBand 100 GHz Grid 80km

XENPAKXENPAK--10GB10GB--LX4LX41300nm MMF1300nm MMF

Cisco Xenpaks:Ten-Gigabit Ethernet Application Mapping

Data Center/GridData Center/Grid--VomputingVomputing

Metro AccessMetro Access

PointPoint--toto--Point Campus ExtensionPoint Campus ExtensionMetro AccessMetro Access

Enterprise/SP Connectivity overEnterprise/SP Connectivity over““LegacyLegacy”” SONET/SDH InfrastructureSONET/SDH Infrastructure

Metro/Vod (~200km with OpticalMetro/Vod (~200km with OpticalAmplification and Disp. Compensation)Amplification and Disp. Compensation)

CampusCampus

Target Solution


Agenda









Beyond the IEEE Standard…

• GigE over 2km of multimode fiber

• CWDM GBICs and SFPs solution

• DWDM GBICs

• DWDM Xenpaks

• Digital Optical Monitoring


GigE over 2km of Multimode Fiber

• Cisco LX optics is standard compliant and is guaranteed to operate up to 550m on legacy FDDI-grade multimode fiber

• The average multimode fiber is of much higher quality (higher bandwidth) than the FDDI-grade fiber used as a benchmark by IEEE 802.3z

• The actual bandwidth of a multimode fiber is usually not known; as frustrating as it may sound, MMF suffers from the “unpredictable-bandwidth”syndrome; therefore, in most cases the only way to determine the optical performance is to test out a particular fiber

• The 550m distance should be interpreted as the maximum distance to guarantee that 99% of the fiber out there will be covered; if the distance is 750m or 1500m, the percentage of fibers may drop to 90% or 80%, but still on the great majority of the links your system will work

• Cisco supports higher distances than the standard with LX GBICs and SFPs + MCP, provided that the customers successfully test the link prior to final deployment and the test report is made available to Cisco

• Experimental evidence shows distances in excess of 2km are achievable; however, the performance needs to be evaluated case-by-case or fiber link-by-fiber link



GigE Error-Free Transmission over 2km of Multimode Fiber

0

500

1000

1500

1800

2000

2500

Successful Transmission of Cisco LX GBIC + MCP over 2km of Multimode Fiber

Error-Free


Cisco WDM Pluggable Transceiver Proposition

• Simplicity:WDM functionality is transparent to L2/3 infrastructure (switches/ routers); use of standard GBIC/SFP/XENPAK ports

• Minimize CAPEX:No additional OEO to map services to WDM channels

• Minimize OPEX: No maintenance/provisioning of an additional layer of hardware to perform wavelength conversion

• Availability:Passive mux/demux devices limit power outages to specific wavelengthsClient protection (L2/L3/EtherChannel) against fiber cuts



Transceiver vs. Transponder-Based WDM

WDMFilter

WDMFilterXpondersSwitch/

Router Xponders Switch/Router

WDMFilter

WDMFilter

Switch/Router

Switch/Router

Transponder-Based WDM Design6 Transceivers6 Transceivers

andand4 Filters per Link4 Filters per Link

Integrated WDM Pluggable Transceiver

2 Transceivers2 Transceiversandand

4 Filters per Link4 Filters per Link6060

Relative Cost

100100


Wavelength Division Multiplexing Flavors:Channel Spacing Sets the Difference

1260nm 1400nm 1500nm 1625nm

1260nm 1400nm 1500nm 1625nm

EDFABandwidthD-WDM

C-WDM

EDFAEDFABand-widthBand-width

C Band

Optimized for Bandwidth

Optimized for Low Cost



Cisco CWDM GBIC/SFP Solution

Cisco CWDM GBICs30dB of Power Budget

Cisco CWDM OADMs

Cisco CWDM SFPs30dB of Power Budget

Cisco CWDM MUX/DEMUX

• CWDM-OADM-1-xxxx:8 dual single-channel OADM

• New gen. only 0.7dB of pass-through loss

• Passive monitor ports

• CWDM-4-OADM1, CWDM-4-OADM2: 4-channel OADMs: 1470-1530, 1550-1610

• New gen. only 1.9dB ofinsertion loss


• CWDM-MUX-8: 8-Channel Mux/Demux

• New Gen. only 2.4 dB ofinsertion loss


• CWDM-MUX4-SF1, CWDM-MUX4-SF2:Single Fiber 4-Channel Mux/Demux

Cisco CWDM 1300/1550 Splitter:• Y-cable to support legacy 1300nm channels and CWDM on the

same fiber infrastructure; it can avoid transponders for legacy or non-Cisco equipment


Single Lambda—1 ChannelUnprotected Pt to Pt

4 Lambda—4 ChannelUnprotected Pt to Pt

Add/Drop Only via West

8 Lambda—8 ChannelUnprotected Pt to Pt

Network Network

Network Network

Pass Pass

1 RU Chassis

SpareSlot

SpareSlot

SpareSlot

SpareSlot

SpareSlot

SpareSlot

SpareSlot

SpareSlot

All that Is Required Is One of CWDM-GBIC-XXXX at Each End

CWDM Topologies: Unprotected 1, 4, and 8 Lambda Point-to-Point

MUX-8MUX-8MUX-8MUX-8




SpareSlot

SpareSlot

SpareSlot

SpareSlot

SpareSlot

SpareSlot

SpareSlot

SpareSlot

SpareSlot

SpareSlot

SpareSlot

SpareSlot

MUX-AD-1490MUX-AD-1490

Network

West

East

East

West

East West East

Network

Pass

West





GBICS Connected to Only East Side of Each OADM

CWDM Topologies: Unprotected 8 Channels Bus


SpareSlot

SpareSlot

SpareSlot

SpareSlot

SpareSlot

SpareSlot

SpareSlot

SpareSlot

Network

West

East

East

West

East West

Network

MUX-8MUX-8

East Facing GBICWest Facing GBIC

Same Topology Available with

4 Channels

CWDM Topologies: Protected 8 Lambda Hubbed Ring

MUX-8MUX-8

Network



EastWest



Pass

Pass

MUX-8MUX-8

MUX-8MUX-8



SpareSlot

SpareSlot

SpareSlot

SpareSlot

SpareSlot

SpareSlot

SpareSlot

SpareSlot

Network

West

East

East

West

East West

Network

MUX-AD-1510MUX-AD-1510East Facing GBIC

West Facing GBIC

Network



EastWest


CWDM Topologies: Protected 1x4 and 2x1 Lambda Meshed Ring

Pass

Pass

MUX-4MUX-4

MUX-4MUX-4

Pass

Pass

MUX-4MUX-4

MUX-4MUX-4


Cisco DWDM GBIC

• Supported by Catalyst switches: 4500, 6500 and 3550/2950

• DWDM GBICs interoperate with Cisco ONS optical products

• 32 different SKUs: one per wavelengthInteroperability with

ONS15454

Digital Optical Monitoring Support

Unidirectional Single Fiber Support for VoD

Use ONS-15216 EDFAs to Amplify Beyond 80km

32 Channels/100GHz Grid-Compatible with ONS Filter

Products

3600ps/nm or 200km Dispersion Limitation

28dB of Power Budget

Highlights



Cisco 10GE DWDM Xenpak

• Currently supported by Catalyst 6500 and 7600 router families

• DWDM GBICs interoperate with Cisco ONS optical products

• 32 different SKUs: one per wavelength

Interoperability with ONS15454

Digital Optical Monitoring Support

Unidirectional Single Fiber Support for VoD

Use ONS-15216 EDFA 3 to Amplify Beyond 80km

32 Channels/100GHz Grid-Compatible with ONS Filter

Products

1600ps/nm or 90km Dispersion Limitation

24dB of Power Budget

Highlights


VOA EDFA DCU

VOAEDFADCU

Ethernet Switches-Based DWDM Network

DWDM Transport Network:Mux/Demux + EDFA + Disp. Comp. Units.

NO TRANSPONDERSCatalyst Switch Catalyst Switch

GBICs/Xenpaks GBICs/Xenpaks



DWDM GBIC Port Configuration in Cisco IOS

show interface capabilities module #

bubba#sh int capabilities module 2GigabitEthernet2/1

Model: WS-X4418-GbicType: 1000-DWDM-47.72Speed: 1000Duplex: full[…]

Note that for Each DWDM GBIC the Wavelength Is Specified


C-Band DWDM ITU-T G.692 Compatible Channel Plan

• 32 channel plan—4 skip 1 on 100GHz ITU-T G.692 grid

• DWDM GBICs match channel plan of ONG 100GHz ITU products

nm

32

59 58 57 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43 42 41 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21

1530

.33

1531

.12

1531

.90

1532

.68

1533

.47

1534

.25

1535

.04

1535

.82

1536

.61

1537

.40

1538

.19

1538

.98

1539

.77

1540

.56

1541

.35

1542

.14

1542

.94

1543

.73

1544

.53

1546

.12

1546

.92

1547

.72

1548

.51

1549

.32

1550

.12

1550

.92

1551

.72

1552

.52

1553

.33

1554

.13

1554

.94

1555

.75

1556

.55

1557

.36

1558

.17

1558

.98

1559

.79

1560

.61

CH



Digital Optical Monitoring (DOM)

• Digital monitoring is a multi-source agreement SFF-8472 (ftp://ftp.seagate.com/sff/SFF-8472.PDF) intended to define a digital interface to access real-time transceivers operating parameters such as:

Optical TX powerOptical RX powerLaser currentTemperatureVoltage

• In Cisco products DOM is accessible via CLI interface or SNMP

DWDM Only

GBIC(SX/LX/ZX/CWDM)

LR*/ER/DWDM Only

Xenpak(LR,ER,SR,LX4,DWDM)

PlannedDOM Support

SFP LX/SX/ZX/CWDM

Supported Ethernet

Transceivers (07/04)

*Starting from a Certain Part Number


Accessing DOM via Cisco IOS

#show interfaces transceiver++ : high alarm, + : high warning, - : low warning, -- : low alarm.

N/A: not applicable, Tx: transmit, Rx: receive.

mA: milliamperes, dBm: decibels (milliwatts). Optical Optical

Temperature Voltage Current Tx Power Rx Power

Port (Celsius) (Volts) (mA) (dBm) (dBm)

----- ------- ------- ------ -------- -------- ------ ---------

Gi1/2 50.5 5.06 28.8 1.3 -9.6



Agenda








Cisco Fiber Support Policy

• In general, for IEEE applications Cisco supports only the fiber specified by IEEE

• This means that w.r.t to multimode fibers Cisco does not support any installation on “special” (i.e. outside the IEEE specification);examples include fiber supporting more than 300m for 10GBaseS (850 nm) optics

• W.r.t. single mode fiber for IEEE applications, Cisco supports only G.652 fiber

• On non-IEEE applications, such as ZX/CWDM/DWDM interfaces, Cisco is open to support various other fibers such as G.655 provided Cisco has tested and verified link performance

• If a fiber is not supported, it does not mean that it does not work or has poor performance with Cisco optics; the customer always can decide whether to manually engineer a link beyond IEEE recommended framework



IEEE 802.3z: Supported Fibers• IEEE’s fiber optic cables requirements are specified in IEC 60793-2:1992

(see table below)• IEEE specifies operation only on “classic” ITU-T G.652 single mode fibers• In addition, the Gigabit Ethernet cable model is based on the worst-case optical cable

model defined in ISO/IEC 11801

MHz*kmN/A500500500200

nm1300 ≤ λ0 ≤ 13241295 ≤ λ0 ≤ 13201320 ≤ λ0 ≤ 1365Zero Dispersion Wavelength (λ0)

Ps/nm2 -km

MHz*km

dB/km

nm

Unit

0.0930.11 for

1300 ≤ λ0 ≤ 1320 and 0.001(λ0 - 1190) for

1295 ≤ λ0 ≤ 1300

0.11 for 1320 ≤ λ0 ≤ 1348

and 0.001(1458 - λ0) for 1348 ≤ λ0 ≤ 1365

Dispersion Slope (Max) (S0)

N/A400400500160Modal Bandwidth(Min; Overfilled Launch)

0.51.53.51.53.75aFiber Cable Attenuation (Max)

131013008501300850Nominal Fiber Specification Wavelength

10µm MMF50µm MMF62.5µm MMFDescription

aThis Value of Attenuation Is a Relaxation of the Standard (IEC 60793-2, Type A1b, Category Less Than or Equal to 3.5dB/km)


IEEE 802.3ae: Supported FibersTable 52-25—Optical Fiber and Cable Characteristics

0.4a or 0.5b

1310

nm1300 ≤ λ0 ≤ 13241295 ≤ λ0 ≤ 13201320 ≤ λ0 ≤ 1365Zero Dispersion Wavelength (λ0)

Ps/nm2 -km

MHz km

dB/km

nm

Unit

0.0930.11 for

1300 ≤ λ0 ≤ 1320 and 0.001(λ0 - 1190) for

1295 ≤ λ0 ≤ 1300

0.11 for 1320 ≤ λ0 ≤ 1348 and 0.001(1458 - λ0) for

1348 ≤ λ0 ≤ 1365

Dispersion Slope (Max) (S0)

N/A400d or 500d or 2000e160d or 200dModal Bandwidth(Min)

See FootnoteC3.53.5Fiber Cable

Attenuation (Max)

1550850850Nominal Fiber Specification Wavelength

Type B1.1, B1.3 SMF50µm MMF62.5µm MMFDescription

aFor the Single Mode Case, the 0.4dB/km Attenuation for Optical Fiber Cables Is Defined in ITU-T G.652bFor the Single Mode Case, the 0.5dB/km Attenuation Is Provided for Outside Plant Cable as Defined in ANSI/TIA/EIA 568B.3-2000; Using 0.5dB/km May Not Support Operation at 10kmcAttenuation for 1550nm Links Is Based on the Fiber Channel and Is Specified in 52.14.3dOverfilled Launch Bandwidth per IEC 60793-1-41 or ANSI/TIA/EIA 455-204-2000eEffective Modal Bandwidth for Fiber Meeting TIA/EIA-492AAAC-2002 when Used with Sources Meeting the Wavelenth (Range) and Encircled Flux Specifications of Table 52-7



Beyond IEEE: Standard ITU-T Single Mode Fiber Classification

• ITU-T G.652—Standard SMF (SSMF) and Zero-Water Peak Fiber (ZWPF)

• ITU-T G.653—Dispersion Shifted Fiber (DSF)

• ITU-T G.655—Non-Zero Dispersion Shifted Fiber (NZDSF)

Fiber Optics Cables Are Classified Based on Their Chromatic Dispersion Characteristics:


Fiber Dispersion Characteristics

SSMF (G.652) SSMF (G.652) >90% of Deployed Plant>90% of Deployed Plant

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

1350 1370 1390 1410 1430 1450 1470 1490 1510 1530 1550 1570 1590 1610 1630 1650

DS NZDS+ NZDS- SSMF

Dis

pers

ion

(in p

s/nm

-km

)

Wavelength (in nm)

DSF G.653DSF G.653NZDSF G.655NZDSF G.655



ITU-T G.652.C Zero Water Peak Fiber (ZWPF)

• Designed to support CWDM application with more than 8 channels, the ZWPF removes the absorption peak around 1383nm

• From a chromatic dispersion standpoint it behaves as a standard G.652 fiber

Source: Corning Datasheets for SMF28™ and SMF28e™


Examples of Commercial Fibers

PirelliWidelight™Pirelli Freelight™Alcatel 6901™Alcatel 6900™

Corning LS™Lucent/OFS Truewave™

OFSAllWave™ATT/Lucent SSMF™

Corning MetroCor™Corning LEAF™Corning

SMF-28e™Corning SMF-28™

G.655 -(NZDSF-)

G.655 +(NZDSF+)

G.652.C(ZWPF)

G.652 (SSMF)



Single Mode Fibers and Cisco Ethernet Technologies

√√√√ZWPF(G.652.C)

√√Works but Not Supported by

IEEE 10GBaseE

Works but Not Supported by

IEEENZDSF(G.655)

Works but Untested/

Unsupported by Cisco

√Works but Not Supported by

IEEE 10GBaseE

Works but Not Supported by

IEEEDSF

(G.653)

√√√√SMF(G.652)

DWDMCWDM1550nm

(1000BaseZX/ 10GBaseE)

1310nm(1000BaseLX /10GBaseL)


Summary

• We reviewed the main applications of optical Ethernet: from campus backbone connectivity to DWDM VoD Ethernet transport

• We introduced the major IEEE standards for Gigabit and 10-Gigabit Ethernet both on single and multimode fiber

• We then learned about the different pluggable for factors supported by Cisco Ethernet switches and routers:

GBIC and SFP for Gigabit EthernetXenpak, X2, and XFP for 10-Gigabit Ethernet

• We also discovered non-IEEE standard applications supported by Cisco pluggable optics w.r.t. mainly to CWDM and DWDM to enable metro Ethernet networks

• Finally, we examined the differences among various fiber types and which fibers are supported by Ethernet transceivers


APPENDIX



References

• Xenpak MSA: www.xenpak.org

• X2 MSA: www.x2msa.org

• XFP MSA: www.xfpmsa.org

• IEEE 802.3z (Gigabit Ethernet): http://www.ieee802.org/3/z/index.html

• IEEE 802.3ae (10-Gigabit Ethernet): http://www.ieee802.org/3/ae/index.html

• IEEE 802.3ah (Ethernet in the First Mile): http://www.ieee802.org/3/efm/index.html

• IEEE 802.3 10Gb/s on FDDI-Grade MM Fiber: http://www.ieee802.org/3/10GMMFSG/index.html



DWDM GBICs/Xenpaks: Filters Reference Matrix

DWDM GBICITU

ChannelONS Band

ONS Channel

8 channel Mux (or DeMux)

2 channel OADM (Add or Drop)

16 channel Mux/DeMux

4 channel OADM (Add and Drop,

Auto VOA)

2 channel OADM (Add and Drop,

Auto VOA)

1 Channel OADM (Add and Drop,

Auto VOA)DWDM-GBIC-60.61 15216-FLA-8-60.6= 15216-FLB-2-xx.x= 15216-MD16-2-RED= 15216-AD4-2A-xx.x= 15216-AD2-2A-xx.x= 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x= 21 A 1DWDM-GBIC-59.79 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x= 22 A 2DWDM-GBIC-58.98 15216-FLB-2-xx.x= 15216-AD2-2A-xx.x= 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x= 23 A 3DWDM-GBIC-58.17 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x= 24 A 4DWDM-GBIC-56.55 15216-FLB-2-xx.x= 15216-AD4-2A-xx.x= 15216-AD2-2A-xx.x= 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x= 26 B 5DWDM-GBIC-55.75 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x= 27 B 6DWDM-GBIC-54.94 15216-FLB-2-xx.x= 15216-AD2-2A-xx.x= 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x= 28 B 7DWDM-GBIC-54.13 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x= 29 B 8DWDM-GBIC-52.52 15216-FLA-8-52.5= 15216-FLB-2-xx.x= 15216-AD4-2A-xx.x= 15216-AD2-2A-xx.x= 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x= 31 C 9DWDM-GBIC-51.72 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x= 32 C 10DWDM-GBIC-50.92 15216-FLB-2-xx.x= 15216-AD2-2A-xx.x= 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x= 33 C 11DWDM-GBIC-50.12 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x= 34 C 12DWDM-GBIC-48.51 15216-FLB-2-xx.x= 15216-AD4-2A-xx.x= 15216-AD2-2A-xx.x= 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x= 36 D 13DWDM-GBIC-47.72 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x= 37 D 14DWDM-GBIC-46.92 15216-FLB-2-xx.x= 15216-AD2-2A-xx.x= 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x= 38 D 15DWDM-GBIC-46.12 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x= 39 D 16DWDM-GBIC-44.53 15216-FLA-8-44.5= 15216-FLB-2-xx.x= 15216-MD16-2-BLUE= 15216-AD4-2A-xx.x= 15216-AD2-2A-xx.x= 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x= 41 E 17DWDM-GBIC-43.73 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x= 42 E 18DWDM-GBIC-42.94 15216-FLB-2-xx.x= 15216-AD2-2A-xx.x= 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x= 43 E 19DWDM-GBIC-42.14 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x= 44 E 20DWDM-GBIC-40.56 15216-FLB-2-xx.x= 15216-AD4-2A-xx.x= 15216-AD2-2A-xx.x= 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x= 46 F 21DWDM-GBIC-39.77 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x= 47 F 22DWDM-GBIC-38.98 15216-FLB-2-xx.x= 15216-AD2-2A-xx.x= 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x= 48 F 23DWDM-GBIC-38.19 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x= 49 F 24DWDM-GBIC-36.61 15216-FLA-8-36.6= 15216-FLB-2-xx.x= 15216-AD4-2A-xx.x= 15216-AD2-2A-xx.x= 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x= 51 G 25DWDM-GBIC-35.82 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x= 52 G 26DWDM-GBIC-35.04 15216-FLB-2-xx.x= 15216-AD2-2A-xx.x= 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x= 53 G 27DWDM-GBIC-34.25 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x= 54 G 28DWDM-GBIC-32.68 15216-FLB-2-xx.x= 15216-AD4-2A-xx.x= 15216-AD2-2A-xx.x= 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x= 56 H 29DWDM-GBIC-31.90 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x= 57 H 30DWDM-GBIC-31.12 15216-FLB-2-xx.x= 15216-AD2-2A-xx.x= 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x= 58 H 31DWDM-GBIC-30.33 15216-AD1-2A-xx.x= 59 H 32

Can be used as Mux or DeMux

15216 FlexLayer 15216




Q AND A




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