Essential QuestionEssential Question:

–What factors led to the outbreak of the Civil War?

Warm-Up Question:Warm-Up Question:–How did the following events

lead to the Civil War in 1861?• States’ Rights ArgumentsStates’ Rights Arguments • Slavery Slavery • Westward ExpansionWestward Expansion

The Outbreak of the Civil War Abraham Lincoln’s election in

1860, was the first step towards the outbreak of the Civil War–South Carolinians feared the

victory of a Republican president would bring an end to slavery & seceded from the United States

–By early 1861, 7 Southern states seceded & formed the Confederate States of America

The entire Deep South seceded by Feb 1861

The Upper South did not view Lincoln’s election as a death sentence

& did not secede immediately

The Confederate States of AmericaThe constitution of the Confederacy:

–Protected slavery & states’ rights

–Outlawed tariffs

–Created a weak national government

–Elected Jefferson Davis as president

Lincoln viewed Southern secession as illegal & promised to “preserve the Union”

“My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and is not

either to save or to destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without

freeing any slave I would do it, andif I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could

save it by freeing some and leaving others alone I would also do that.”

—Abraham Lincoln, 18621862

Fort SumterIn April 1861, federal soldiers refused Confederate demands to

vacate at Fort Sumter in SC

When Lincoln sent aid to soldiers, Confederates fired on the fort

The firing on Fort Sumter proved to be the beginning of the Civil War

Fort SumterAfter Fort Sumter, the upper South states seceded & joined the CSA

Not all slave states seceded; Those that

stayed in the Union were called “border states”

The Confederate States of America

Class Activity:What were the advantages

& disadvantages of the Union & Confederacy during the Civil War?

Northern AdvantagesAt the outbreak of the Civil War,

the North had lots of advantages:–Larger population for troops–Greater industrial capacity–Huge edge in RR transportation

Problems for the North:–Had to invade the South to win–Difficult to maintain enthusiasm

& support for war over time

Southern AdvantagesAlthough outnumbered & less

industrial, South had advantages:

–President Davis knew that they did not have to “win” the war; the South only had to drag out the fight & make the North quit

–Had the best military leaders

–England & France appeared more willing to support the South

Robert E “Stonewall” J.E.B. Lee Jackson Stuart

“King Cotton” diplomacy

Turning Advantages into StrategyTurning Advantages into StrategyBased upon the advantages of both

the Union & Confederacy:–What should each side’s war

strategy be?–How can each

side maximize their strengths & minimize their weaknesses in order to win?

Northern “Anaconda Plan”

Southern “Offensive Defense”