essays and speeches

7/28/2019 Essays and Speeches

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Types of Essays and

Speeches

Elements of Non-fiction:


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Essaysand Speechesboth express a

writers style, tone, perspective, and

purpose


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Styleis how an author uses language in their writing.Sentence structure, choice of words, and the way an author

organizes the material can all show style

Can be formal:Mr. Vice President, Mr. Speaker, Members of the Senate, and of

the House of Representatives:

Yesterday, December 7th, 1941 -- a date which will live in infamy -- the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately

attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.---Franklin D. Roosevelt, Day of Infamy

Or informal:

My life is not an apology, but a life. It is for itself and not for a

spectacle. I much prefer that it should be of a lower strain, so itbe genuine and equal, than that it should be glittering andunsteady.

Ralph Waldo Emerson, Self-Reliance


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Tone expresses the authors attitudetoward both the subject and the audience

Tone is often described in a word or two. How wouldyou describe the tone in the following speech?

I am tired of fighting. Our chiefs are killed. Looking Glass is dead.Toohulhulsote is dead. The old men are all dead. It is the youngmen who say yes or no. He who led the young men is dead.

It is cold and we have no blankets. The little children are freezing todeath. My people, some of them, have run away to the hills andhave no blankets, no food. No one knows where they are--perhapsfreezing to death. I want to have time to look for my children andsee how many I can find. Maybe I shall find them among the dead.

Hear me, my chiefs. I am tired. My heart is sick and sad. From

where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever. ---Surrender Speech by Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce,

I Will Fight No More Forever


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Perspective is the authors opinion or point

of view on the subject.

an example of emotive language:

A fire erupted at the entrance of Egypt's presidentialpalace Friday night as protesters hurled Molotov cocktailsand rocks in a battle with security forces.

---quote from www.CNN.com

Note: Bias (prejudice towards a subject) occurs when awriter only tells one side of the story. Typically, emotionallanguage is used and facts are twisted to suit the authorspoint of view.
http://www.cnn.com/http://www.cnn.com/


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EmotiveLanguage Newspapers often choose emotive

language (words) to get their readers to

react emotionally to a story. If you can call

an event a riot rather than adisturbance you are much more likely to

get your readers excited about what

happened.


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Purposeis the authors reason for

writing or speaking.

to inform

to entertain

To persuade

To praise

To celebrate

To warn

***


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Essays

Short works of nonfiction

Examines and discusses a topic

Presents a writers personal views

Explores ideas and opinions

There are 3 main types of essays:

NARRATIVE

***also includes reflective/personal essays

and descriptive essaysEXPOSITORY

PERSUASIVE


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Narrative Essay

The presentation

of real events orpersonalexperiences

There are also 2subsets to thiscategory:

---Descriptiveessays

---Reflectiveessays/personalessays

A Hunting Trip

News of the tigers attack on a womanspread like wildfire. This was not thetigers first appearance in the village.Before this attack, the villagers had losta few goats and poultry but thedisappearances remained a mystery as

nobody could confirm that they were atigers doing. Then the tiger struck.

This time, the victim was a 32-year-oldwoman who was washing clothes byTasik Bina. The villagers at onceorganized a hunting party. Armed withmachetes and rifles, the hunting party,comprising six stocky men and me, leftthe Kampung Tempayan on 10 June.The leader of the hunting party was anaborigine named Awang.

Source: www.slideshare.net


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Descriptive Essay

An impression

about a person,an object, or anexperience

Uses lots ofadjectives to

describe places,feelings, etc.

Where Friends are Found

Bryce still remembered the smell that soared inthe air that evening; a combination of gingerysweetness of wild flowers, hazelnut crust and riperaspberries. The smell of hot summer evening,when the sun had already hidden its rays for thenight, but the earth was still breathing out thesteam of the day fever. That July, two years ago,was particularly hot, particularly humid and

promising to be particularly boring for BryceGordon. Having just finished his second year incollege and planning to spend the summerworking in the local amusement park, Brycewasnt particularly anticipating that summer.Moreover, most of his college friends had movedout of campus for the summer and traveled back

to their homes while he, as always, was stuck inGrindson for the whole summer since this waswhere he grew up and spent every summer of hislife. So, the goal for the season was to simplystay in town and try to survive the heat of theCentral Texas prairie.

Source: www.academichelp.net


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Reflective Essays

Expresses the writers

thoughts and feelings about a

personal experience or an idea

From Straw into GoldSandra Cisneros


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Expository Essays

The presentation ofinformation or theexplanation of aprocess

This may be accomplished byexplaining a process, comparing orcontrasting two items, identifying acause-effect relationship, explainingwith examples, dividing andclassifying, or defining. Dependingupon the particular type of expositoryessay being written, the order ofpresentation of supporting details mayvary. The process essay will employchronological (time) order; the essaywhich compares or contrasts, explainswith examples, or divides andclassifies may use an order ofimportance (most-to-least important orleast-to-most important); the essay

which employs causal analysis mayidentify a cause and then predict itseffect or start with the effect and seekto identify its cause.


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Expository Essay ExampleThe Internet and Society

Modern society has undergone radicaldevelopment in the last 20 years. Computerswere once just a means to solve mathematicalequations. Rapid advances in technology havealtered the way in which people interact withcomputers, as well as the functionality of thesesmart machines. With the advent of a worldwideand nearly universally accessible web, the way inwhich we interact with each other has changeddrastically. People from all over the world caninstantaneously exchange both business andpersonal information. Internet commerce hasbecome a huge part of the daily lives of millions,as well as social networking and streamingmedia. Most recently, portable electronicscapable of nearly all internet-related tasks have

become a common possession for the averagemiddle-aged American. The unlimited freeexchange of information has changed, and iscontinuing to change, in very profound way,society at large.

Source: www.academichelp.net


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Persuasive Essays

Attempts to persuade orconvince readers to act orthink a certain way

Some sample topics:

1. Many people believe that televisionviolence has a negative effect onsociety because it promotes violence.Do you agree or disagree? Use

specific reasons and examples tosupport your response.

2. Some people believe that studentsarent learning enough in high

school. Should school standards behigher? Explain your answer usingspecific reasons and examples.


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Speeches

are delivered aloud before and audience

present a topic

sometimes mark a special occasion can range from informal talks to formal

lectures


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4 Types of Speeches

AddressTalk

Oration

Lecture


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Address: A formal, prepared

speech, usually delivered by an

important person

Some examples:

--a college graduation speech--an acceptance speech for the Nobel Prize


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Talk: An informal speech delivered

in a conversational wayExample:

A students report about a trip


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Oration: an eloquent speech given

on a formal occasion

Example:

Martin Luther King, Jr.s I Have a Dream

speech


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Lecture: a prepared speech that

informs or instructs an audience

Example:

An English teachers introduction to theelements of non-fiction

(you know you have to smile at this at least)

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