esrm 250/cfr 520 winter 2010 phil hurvitz (with thanks to j. lawler & p. schiess )

ESRM 250/CFR 520Winter 2010Phil Hurvitz

(with thanks to J. Lawler & P. Schiess)

Introduction to GIS and ArcGIS

ESRM 250 & CFR 520: Introduction to GIS

© Phil Hurvitz, 1999-2010

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How a GIS works

Introduction to ArcGIS

The ArcGIS Interface




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A GIS integrates five basic components

people

software

hardware

methods

data



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Vector formats(“feature classes”)

Data: types of data sets

Points

Lines (”arcs”)

Polygons



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Defined by “connected” pairs of XY coordinates

Lines

0 5 10 15

24

68

10

12

14

x

y

(-1, 3)

(3, 2)

(5, 8)

(10, 13)

x y-1 3 3 2 5 810 13



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0 5 10 15

24

68

10

12

14

x

y

(-1, 3)

(3, 2)

(5, 8)

(10, 13)

Defined by single pairs of XY coordinates

Points

x y-1 3 3 2 5 810 13



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0 5 10 15

24

68

10

12

14

x

y

(-1, 3)

(3, 2)

(5, 8)

(10, 13)

Defined by closed loops of XY coordinates

Polygons

x y-1 3 3 2 5 810 13-1 3



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Raster formats Matrices of square

cells (grids, pixels)




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Attribute tables: tables of data describing

spatial features




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A GIS can Capture Store Query Analyze Display, and Output

geographic data

Basic GIS Functions



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Capturing data

Paper mapsDigital images

GPS outputCoordinate lists



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Selecting specific features Where is parcel #2945?

Selecting featuresbased on certainconditions

Find all trees with DBH > 20 cm

Queries



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Proximity: how close are features Which roads are within a 100 ft from a

stream?

Overlay: combines the features of two or more layers to create a new layer (intersections, unions…)

What length of road is in mature forest?

Network: examines how linear features are connected

What is the flow length from a location on the Cascade crest to the mouth of the Columbia River?

Analysis



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Graphically constructed process models

Analysis



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Analysis



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Maps

Graphs

Reports/Tables

Output



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3D views

Output: mapping



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Detailed topographicmaps

Output: mapping



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Hardcopy Paper map Poster

Softcopy Image (JPEG, PNG, GIF) to:

Web site Document

Output: output types



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Graphical display of quantitative information

Output: graphs



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Tabular output for statistical analysis

Output: tables



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How a GIS works






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A complex and scalable software application environment

What is ArcGIS?

ArcGIS Desktop

EXTENSIONS

ArcGIS Engine

ArcObjectsArcObjects

RDBMS

ArcSDEArcSDE

ArcGIS ServerArcGIS Server ArcIMSArcIMS

EXTENSIONS

Network

ArcReaderArcReader ArcViewArcView

ArcInfoArcInfo

ArcEditorArcEditor

CustomApplication

CustomApplication

ArcPadArcPad WebBrowser

WebBrowser

ArcGIS Clients

Application/Data Servers

Components



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ArcGIS increasing functionality atdifferent run levels (cost)

ArcGIS Desktop Products

ArcViewArcView

ArcInfoArcInfo

ArcEditorArcEditor



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The history of ESRI products

ArcInfo ArcView 3.x ArcGIS

ArcViewArcEditor

ArcInfoPIOS

1980s1980s 2000+1980s



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ArcGIS Desktop products share common applications

ArcViewArcView

ArcInfoArcInfo

ArcEditorArcEditor

ArcMap-displaying data

ArcCatalog-managing data

ArcToolbox-analyzing data



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GUI (Graphic User Interface)

Desktop Use

Customization & Programming

Extensions to Increase Functionality

Scalability

What is special about ArcGIS GIS?



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ArcGIS uses a Graphical User Interface (GUI).Instead of typed commands, menus, buttons, and tools are used.Provides access to most controls, functionality, and operations

Each document type in ArcGIS has its own GUI controls.

Beware: The ArcGIS GUI is complicated and many-layered. There is no command-line control; all automation

must be scripted.

GUI



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Unlike most major GIS software of the past, ArcGIS will run on a desktop computer.

Desktop computers (PCs) are: cheap easy to administer common (fairly) easy to use

Desktop Use



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Many functions are not available from the GUI

Custom functions and operations can be created with various programming languages

Repetitive tasks can be automatedNew functions and operations can be

added to the GUI menus, buttons, and tools

Entire new applications can be developed

Beware: Scripting is not easy to learn

Customization & Programming



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Functionality not included in the core ArcGIS product can increase productivity

Some extensions are built-in, but just need to be enabled

Other extensions are available for free (web); some are available for sale

We will be using several extensions during the course

Extensions to Increase Functionality



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The ArcGIS suite contains Desktop application

(we will be using this quarter) Data server application (ArcSDE) Application servers (ArcGIS Server) Internet mapping servers

(ArcIMS)

Scalability

ArcObjectsArcObjects

RDBMS

ArcSDEArcSDEArcGIS ServerArcGIS Server

ArcIMSArcIMS

Network

ArcReaderArcReader ArcViewArcView

ArcInfoArcInfo

ArcEditorArcEditor

CustomApplication

CustomApplication

ArcPadArcPad WebBrowser

WebBrowser

ArcGIS Desktop



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How a GIS works






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The ArcGIS Interface: starting ArcGIS applications



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ArcMap – viewing, editing, processing…..

The ArcGIS Interface: ArcGIS applications



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ArcCatalog – Data Management




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ArcMap: viewing data


table of contents

map display

data frame

layer

scale



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Toolbars



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Adding Toolbars



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The ArcCatalog Interface

GUI

catalog tree

data source folders

feature class data sources



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Contents mode




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Preview geography mode




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Preview table mode




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Metadata mode




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Most geoprocessing tasks are accessed through ArcToolbox

ArcToolbox & Geoprocessing



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ArcToolboxcan be “docked”in ArcMapor ArcCatalog




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Geoprocessing tasks can also be performed using the command line




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Application for viewing data in 3 dimensions in “real time”

ArcGIS Applications: ArcScene



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Application for viewing global data in 3 dimensions in “real time

ArcGIS Applications: ArcGlobe

esrm 250/cfr 520 winter 2010 phil hurvitz (with thanks to j. lawler & p. schiess )

Documents

gis phil hurvitz

schiess introduction

basic gis functionsesrm

arcgis esrm

phil hurvitzwith thanks

mapping esrm

analysis esrm

types of data sets esrm