“ENVIRONMENTAL THEORY”byFlorence Nightingale

Maureen OngDecember 7, 2013

General Objectives: To be able to learn the relevance of the

environmental theory in the nursing science and practice

Specific Objectives

To be able to know a brief history of Ms. Florence Nightingale

To be able to identify the purpose of the environmental theory

To be able to understand how the environment affects patient outcomes

A Brief History in the Life of Ms. Florence

NightingaleMay 12, 1980 - August 13, 1910

Florence Nightingale She was born in Florence, Italy She believed that God called her to

become a nurse The Mother of Modern Nursing The “lady with the lamp” – Crimean War She is a linguist, and educated in science,

mathematics, literature and arts The first Nurse Educator and First Nurse

Statistician

Florence Nightingale July 6, 1851

- entered in the nursing school of Ptr. Theodor Fleidner as the 134th nursing student and graduated after 3 months. Became the “lady with the lamp”

because she was carrying the lamp at night when she was looking for wounded soldiers in the Crimean War

Florence Nightingale Became a heroine in Great Britain

because of her role in the Crimean War. She reduced the mortality rate of the

wounded soldiers from 42.7% to 2.2% because of her intervention in the environment.

What is Nursing?

“The act of utilizing the environment of the patient to assist him in his recovery”

- Nightingale (1869)

NIGHTINGALE’SENVIRONMENTAL

MODEL

13 CANONS OF NIGHTINGALE’S THEORY (1860)

Health of Houses Ventilation and Warming Light Noise Variety Bed and Bedding Cleanliness of the Rooms and Walls Personal Cleanliness Taking Food – What Food? Observation of the Sick Petty Management

Five Environmental Factors – the absence of one produced lack of health or sickness

Pure or fresh air

Pure water

Efficient drainagecleanliness

light

Health

Metaparadigm in Nursing1. Nursing

- must place the patient in the best condition for nature to act upon him

- It should provide for the patient the major components of the environment .

- should fully maximize the reparative process of a patient by controlling the environment

Metaparadigm in NursingNursing

- Nursing should provide care to the sick as well as the healthy

- Health promotions must be initiated by the nurse

Metaparadigm in Nursing2. Person

- She views the person as a passive recipient of care

- The nurse should control the environment

- The nurse should perform the task to and for the patient

Metaparadigm in Nursing

3. Health - “ Health is a well being and using

every power that the person has to the full extent.

- “Disease” is a reparative process that the nature instituted for a want of attention

Metaparadigm in NursingHealth

- Maintenance of health can be done through the prevention of disease by controlling the environment.

- Health must be the goal of nursing therefore the nurse must assist

- The nurse must provide assistance for the patient to stay in balance with the environmental factors

Metaparadigm in Nursing4. Environment

- Physical environment is very important because everything that surrounds the patient have an impact on their health

- She believed that sick, poor people could benefit from environmental improvement.

Nightingale and the Nursing ProcessAssessment

Diagnosis

Planning Intervention

Evaluation

a. Always ask what the client wants and needs.

b. The nurse should use her observation skills especially with the environment concerning the individual

must reflect the response of the client to the environment and not the environmental problem. It must show the significance of the environment to the health and well-being of the client

Planning is focused on modifying the environment of the client to enhance the client’s ability to respond to the disease process. The desired outcome must still be based on the environmental model.

This should take place within the environment of the client and having actions that involves the modification of the environment of the patient.

This must be based on the effects of the changes in the environment on the ability of the client to regain health at the least expense of energy. Observation is to be used for the evaluation.

Critiques on the Environmental

Theory

1. What is the historical context of the theory? Her work in the mid 1800’s provided the

basis for modern nursing especially both in education and practice.

Her exposure to the Crimean War leads to the development of an epidemiological approach to improve the quality of the environment for the injured and ill at Scutari.

2. What are the basic concepts and relationships presented by the theory?

The major concepts of this theory is the canons of the environmental model which includes ventilation, noise, air, health of houses, variety in the environment, light, bedding, cleanliness, chattering hopes and nutrition.

3. What major phenomena of concern to nursing are presented?

Nightingale’s main focus is the environment and its manipulation to help the patient attain maximum health.

4. To whom does this theory apply? In what situations? In what way?

The environmental theory is very general that it can be applied in all kinds of environments such as homes, community, and work sites and even in the most complex type of hospital intensive care environment. The concepts of pure air, light, noise and cleanliness are very much applicable across specific environment

5. Does this theory affect critical thinking in the nursing practice? Manipulation of the environment could

lead to the betterment or further downgrade of the health of person therefore critical thinking needs to be utilized.

7. Does this theory direct therapeutic nursing interventions?

The environmental theory has directed the nursing interventions towards the modification of the environment.

With the emphasis that noise, light, and ventilation can be and should be controlled and variety should be provided in order to maximize the patient’s response to intervention.

Reference:Books George, Julia B.(2001). Nursing Theories: The Base for Professional

Nursing Practice. Upper Saddle River NJ:Prentice Hall

McEwen Melanie and Wills, Evelyn M.(2007) Theoretical Basis for Nursing (2 ed.) Philadelphia:Lippincot Williams & Wilkins

Octaviano, Eufemia F. and Balita, Carl E.(2008). Theoretical Foundations of Nursing: The Philippine Perspective. Philippines : Ultimate Learning Series

Journals (2012,02) Metaparadigm in

Nursing.StudyMode.com.www.studymode.com/essays/Metaparadigm-in-Nursing-911796.html

Thank you!!!