Environmental resources managementEnvironmental resources management

WORK PACKAGE 3 WORK PACKAGE 3

PETRÁŠOVÁ, ČERNOTA, KOVALČÍK

NATIONAL FOREST CENTRE ZVOLENNATIONAL FOREST CENTRE ZVOLEN

SLOVAKIASLOVAKIA

Part 1: Introduction

Part 2: General aspects of the forest management

Part 3: Employment in the forest management

Part 4: Other related sectors

Part 5: Conclusions

Report structure

Sustainable forest management and forest certification in Europe

Scope and objectives of the forest management

Basic data on countries and areas

Country/area

Land area (1 000 ha)

Population 2004b GDP 2004b

Total(1

000)

Density(population

/km2)

Annualgrowth

rate (%)

Rural(% of total)

Per capita(US$)

Annualgrowth

rate (%)

Italy 29 411

57 573

195,8 -0,1 32,5 19 344 1,2

Slovakia 4 808 5 390 110,5 0,0 42,3 4 488 5,5

Spain 49 944

41 286

82,7 0,5 23,4 15 079 3,1

Greece 12 890

11 075

85,9 0,4 38,9 11 885 4,2

Part 2: General aspects of the forest management

Extent of forest and other wooded land

Country/area

Land area Inland

water(1

000 ha)

Total area(1

000 ha)

Forest Other wooded land

(1 000 ha)

Other land (1 000 ha)

1 000 ha

% of landarea

TotalWith tree

coverItaly 9 979 33,9 1 047 18

385- 723 30

134Slovakia 1 929 40,1 - 2 879 32 93 4 901

Spain 17 915 35,9 10 299 21 730

- 655 50 599

Greece 3 752 29,1 2 780 6 358 - 306 13 196

Functions and characteristics of forests

Designated functions of forest – primary function

Country/area

Total forest area

(1 000 ha)

% of total whose primary function is designated as:

Production Protection ConservationSocial

servicesMultiple purpose

None or unknown

Italy 9 979 - - 29,9 - - 70,1

Slovakia 1 929 9,5 17,8 5,0 12,6 55,1 0

Spain 17 915 9,4 13,1 37,3 0,1 40,2 0

Greece 3 752 92,1 - 4,2 - - 3,7

Growing and biomass stock in forest

Country/area

Forest Other wooded land

Area(1 000 ha)

Growing stock Area(1 000

ha)

Total growing

stock (million

m3)By area (m3/ha)

Total (million

m3)

Commercial (%)

Italy 9 979 145 1 447 70,1 1 047 97

Slovakia 1 929 256 494 84,7 - -

Spain 17 915 50 888 77,6 10 299 1

Greece 3 752 47 177 88,1 2 780 0

On the analysis of basic data on countries we can point On the analysis of basic data on countries we can point out:out:

the highest GDPthe highest GDP per capita per capita is in Italy and the lowest is is in Italy and the lowest is in in Slovakia, but the highest annual growth rate of the Slovakia, but the highest annual growth rate of the GDP is in Slovakia (5.5% in 2004)GDP is in Slovakia (5.5% in 2004)

the highest forest coverage is in Slovakia (40.1%), the the highest forest coverage is in Slovakia (40.1%), the lowest is in Greece (29.1%)lowest is in Greece (29.1%)

the biggest changes in the extent of the forests are in the biggest changes in the extent of the forests are in Spain (2% in 1990-2000 and 1.7% in 2000-2005)Spain (2% in 1990-2000 and 1.7% in 2000-2005)

the most public owned forests are in Greece, in other the most public owned forests are in Greece, in other countries (Slovakia, Italy, Spain) is the share between 30 countries (Slovakia, Italy, Spain) is the share between 30 to 50%to 50%

the highest share of forest plantation is in Spain the highest share of forest plantation is in Spain (about 8%)(about 8%)

the highest growing stock in mthe highest growing stock in m33/ha is in Slovakia /ha is in Slovakia 256m256m33/ha in 2005 opposite to 145m/ha in 2005 opposite to 145m33/ha in Italy, /ha in Italy, 50m50m33/ha in Spain and 47m/ha in Spain and 47m33/ha in Greece/ha in Greece

average removals of wood products is about 1.3% of average removals of wood products is about 1.3% of the the total total growing stock (the highest in Spain – 2.0% growing stock (the highest in Spain – 2.0% and the lowest in Italy – 0and the lowest in Italy – 0..7%.7%.

TThe most important problems he most important problems of the forest resources of the forest resources

management management in the partner in the partner countriescountries

loss of commercial value of some forest loss of commercial value of some forest productions influenced the profitability of the productions influenced the profitability of the forest management, above all in the alpine areas.forest management, above all in the alpine areas.

Remuneration of the environmental and social Remuneration of the environmental and social services of the forestservices of the forest

Lack of the interest from the local Lack of the interest from the local administrators and lack of knowledgeadministrators and lack of knowledge

ItalyItaly

The lack of economic and human resources in the forest management

Absence of the well-organized and modern secondary wood processing industries in the region

Pasturage problems

GreeceGreece

hhealthealth conditions conditions of the of the fforests orests (biotic (biotic and abiotic factors)and abiotic factors)

FiresFires

Climate change phenomenon appearingClimate change phenomenon appearing

SpainSpain

rrestitution of the ownership’s rightsestitution of the ownership’s rights

rreimbursement for the restriction of eimbursement for the restriction of ownership’s rights ownership’s rights

remuneration for services provided by remuneration for services provided by forests to the publicforests to the public

SlovakiaSlovakia

Reported employment in forestry (excluding the Reported employment in forestry (excluding the

wood processing industry) declined by about wood processing industry) declined by about 1010 percent from 1990 to 2000. Most of the decline percent from 1990 to 2000. Most of the decline occurred in the primary production of goods and occurred in the primary production of goods and can probably be attributed to increases can probably be attributed to increases in labour in labour productivity.productivity.

EEmployment in mployment in the the forestforest management management

Diversification of the activities is very important Diversification of the activities is very important aspect of raising the employment and aspect of raising the employment and opportunities to create new jobs. For these opportunities to create new jobs. For these reasons are described reasons are described other related sectorsother related sectors to to forest management, such as nature and forest management, such as nature and landscape protection, wood processing industry, landscape protection, wood processing industry, rural development and game managementrural development and game management..

OOther related sectorsther related sectors

Taking into account the Taking into account the intersectoral intersectoral linkslinks, the overall importance of forest , the overall importance of forest employment for rural livelihoods and employment for rural livelihoods and national economies was national economies was clearly higherclearly higher than this official number suggests.than this official number suggests.

CCase studiesase studies– models of the best practise from – models of the best practise from partner regions:partner regions:

•„„Ecopioppo“ – certification of the tree growing activityEcopioppo“ – certification of the tree growing activity

•Aspromonte national park – local population Aspromonte national park – local population involvement in the fire preventioninvolvement in the fire prevention

•Employment increase trough afforestation and biological Employment increase trough afforestation and biological fertilization activitiesfertilization activities

•Social policy of the enterprise Social policy of the enterprise

The most frequency added value in these case studies The most frequency added value in these case studies is:is:

Creation of new conditions, tools and methods for Creation of new conditions, tools and methods for an effective management of the environmentan effective management of the environment

An increasing of awareness of the natural An increasing of awareness of the natural resources valueresources value

High awareness of the employees on company’s High awareness of the employees on company’s care on natural environmentcare on natural environment

Involvement of the resident population in the Involvement of the resident population in the management of the Protected Areamanagement of the Protected Area

Creation of new conditions for development of the Creation of new conditions for development of the other sectors – tourism, gardening, etc.other sectors – tourism, gardening, etc.