environmental impact of unplanned tourism activities in jammu region

7/25/2019 Environmental Impact of Unplanned Tourism Activities in Jammu Region

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1

TOURISM ACTIVITIES IN JAMMU REGION AND THEIR IMPACT

ON ENVIRONMENT

OBJECTIVES

1. To study the varous !e"atve #$a%ts o& !%reas!" tours# o! the 'ua(ty o&e!vro!#e!t ! Ja##u.

). To su""est #easures to #t"ate the $ro*(e#s o& e%o(o"%a(

De"radato! *e!" %aused to the e!vro!#e!t..

INTRODUCTION

Ja##u s (o%ated at +).,+N ,-.,E. It has a! avera"e e(evato! o& +),

#eters/10,) &eet. It s a$$ro2#ate(y 300 4#5s a6ay &ro# the !ato!a( %a$ta( a!d

s (!4ed 6th a !ato!a( h"h6ay7 ra(6ays a!d ar$ort. Ja##u dstr%t s s$a%ed

over a! area o& +08, 4# a!d has a $o$u(ato! o& a$$ro2#ate(y 1).9 (a4hs as $er

the est#ates o& 1881. As a dstr%t t has the se%o!d (ar"est $o$u(ato! ! the state

a!d s se%o!d (ar"est ! ter#s o& $o$u(ato! de!sty too a!d &a((s u!der %ate"ory :.

Ths dstr%t serves as the 6!ter %a$ta( o& the state &ro# Nove#*er to a$r( 6he!

a(( o&&%es #ove &ro# Sr!a"ar to Ja##u.Ja##u has a su*tro$%a(

%(#ate.Su##ers are dry a!d hot 6h(e 6!ters are %o(d. Te#$eratures %a! soar

u$to -9 de"rees Ce(sus ! su##er a!d d$ do6! to - de"rees Ce(sus ! 6!ter.Ja##u s 6e(( %o!!e%ted 6th the rest o& I!da *y ra( a!d road a!d ar #a4!" t

*y &ar the (east re#ote $art o& the state. Ja##u a(so has dre%t &("hts to Sr!a"ar7

Ne6 De(h7 Cha!d"arh a!d ;eh.

Ja##u a!d


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sa#e state. The state o& Ja##u a!d or $art o& the area

! the (o6er re"o! s so#e6hat &ert(e 6th a"r%u(ture su$$orted *y a! e2%e((e!t

%a!a( syste#. As 6e "o u$6ard to6ards the h((s the #a>or $art o& the area s

*arre! a!d ro%4y 6th ro%4s hav!" *ee! &or#ed *y vo(%a!% eru$to!s ! the

$rehstor% $ast. A"r%u(tura((y s$ea4!" ths 6ho(e re"o! s %a((ed = te#$(e7 Shr Ra!*resh6ar Shv

#a!dr et%7 &or 6h%h the Ja##u %ty s 4!o6! as the %ty o& te#$(es.

Authortes are try!" to dvert so#e $er%e!ta"e o& the $("r#s to other $(a%es o&


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!terest (4e #a!sar (a4e or >ha>>ar a##u a!d a##u re"o! &or the $ur$oses o& $("r#a"e has !%reased

%o!sste!t(y a!d arou!d seve! #((o! $("r#s vst the shr!e o& #ata Vash!odev

every year. Every year the #a2#u# !u#*er o& $("r#s vst the shr!e ! the

#o!th o& >u!e a!d ! >u!e )00 the !u#*er %rossed the #a"% &"ure o& o!e

#((o!. I! the 6!ter #o!ths o& De%e#*er a!d Ja!uary the !u#*er o& vst!"

$("r#s &a((s due to the severe %o(d 6eather %o!dto!s.

Thus 6e see ho6 the "ro6th o& tours# s ta4!" $(a%e at a ra$d $a%e ! the

re"o!. I& 6e ta4e a 6a(4 a(o!" the #a! thorou"h&ares o& Ja##u %ty7 out o& the

$eo$(e $rese!t there a (ar"e $er%e!ta"e 6(( *e o& toursts #ov!" arou!d &or

sho$$!" a!d e2$(or!" the %ty. Ths s e%o!o#%a((y "ood &or the re"o!7

$art%u(ar(y &or the trad!" %(ass a!d the tourst trade a!d a(so the tra!s$ort se%tor.

:ut a(( ths &re!Bed tours# "ro6th s ta4!" a to(( o& the e!vro!#e!t.

IMPACT O TOURISM ACTIVITIES ON ENVIRONMENT.

A(( ths &re!Bed tours# "ro6th s (ead!" to %reato! o& #ore a!d #ore tours#

re(ated !&rastru%ture (4e hote(s et%7 a!d t s $utt!" !%reas!" $ressure o! (#ted

resour%es. Natura( resour%es are ! a!y %ase (#ted a!d ths s%e!aro %a((s &or a

susta!a*(e #a!a"e#e!t o& !atura( resour%es.

No6 the resear%her 6(( ds%uss the #$a%t the tours# "ro6th s hav!" o! thehydro(o"y o& the >a##u re"o!. I! t#es $ast the #a>or $orto! o& the Ja##u

re"o! 6as ra! &ed as there 6as !o %a!a( syste# to dstr*ute 6ater &ro# rver &or

a"r%u(tura( a%tvtes. Eve! !o6 a %o!sdera*(e $art o& the re"o! &a((s ! the

=


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su$$(y &ro# ths s#a(( rver. The #a>or rver that &(o6s ! ths re"o! s the #"hty

%he!a*7 6h%h or"!ates &ro# the #ou!ta!s a!ds &(o6s #ost(y throu"h the areas

*order!" Pa4sta! a!d the! e!ters Pa4sta!. I! hs re"!7 Mahara>a Ra!*r S!"h7

the ru(er o& the 4!"do# o& Ja##u a!d


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6ater ta!4s hav!" a*ove1007000 %u*% &eet %a$a%ty. These ta!4s have to *e

%o!sta!t(y re$(e!shed &or the %o#&ort o& the toursts. The overa(( 6ater ava(a*(ty

*e!" (#ted 7 !%rease ! the !u#*er o& hote(s a!d resorts7 eats !to the 6ater

resour%es o& the (o%a( $o$u(ato!. A!d & the tours# "ro6th 4ee$s o! 6ater

ava(a*(ty 6(( *e &urther redu%ed.

IMPACT ON AIR UA;IT F

No6 the resear%her 6(( a!a(yBe a!d ds%uss the #$a%t o& tours# "ro6th o! the

(eve( o& ar $o((uto! ! Ja##u re"o!. ;4e e(se6here ! I!da7 e2%e$t the #etro

%tes the 'ua(ty o& ar 6as e2%e((e!t ! Ja##u t(( the ear(y to #d !!etes. The

(eve(s o& sus$e!ded $art%u(ate #atter /SPM ;eve(s ! ar 6ere very (o6 !

Ja##u.

Gradua((y the tours# !dustry "re6 &ro# a #!or *us!ess a%tvty to the #a>or

reve!ue "e!erator ! the Ja##u re"o! &ro# #d !!etes o!6ards. Ths tours#

"ro6th 6as the drver o& "ro6th ! #a!y other se%tors o& e%o!o#y $art%u(ar(y thehote( se%tor a!d the tra!s$ort se%tor. The "ro6th ! the hote( se%tor a!d the

tra!s$ort se%tor ! tur! re!&or%ed the *as% "ro6th that tours# 6as e2$ere!%!"

a!d he($ed vta(Be the e%o!o#y. Thus 6e see that ! Ja##u re"o! the e%o!o#y

%ha!"ed &ro# o!e $r#ar(y drve! *y reta( trade a!d "over!#e!t >o*s7 to o!e

drve! $r#ar(y *y reve!ue "e!erated &ro# tours# a!d toursts. I! ths %ha!"ed

e%o!o#y #ore $eo$(e are e#$(oyed ! the tours# se%tor a!d the tra!s$ort se%tor

tha! ! the other se%tors. A!d a (ot o& !e6 !vest#e!t s *e!" $oured ! %reat!"

!e6 hote(s a!d resorts &or the toursts.

As the e%o!o#y 6as vta(Bed *y the reve!ue *e!" "e!erated &ro# tours#7 %a$ta(

6as a%%u#u(ated ! the ha!ds o& $eo$(e 6ho sou"ht to &urther #u(t$(y ths %a$ta(

*y !vest!" t ! the other se%tors o& the e%o!o#y. Thus #a!y $erso!s esta*(shed

&a%tores &or the #ass $rodu%to! o& %o!su#er "oods &or the (o%a( Ja##u #ar4et.

See!" ths tre!d the Ce!tra( Govt. de%(ared a ta2 ho(day &or the

%or$orate!dustra( se%tor ! the state to e!%oura"e !dustra( deve(o$#e!t &or

a((evato! o& u!e#$(oy#e!t. Thus ra$d(y "ro6!" !dustra( areas deve(o$ed !

Ja##u re"o!. No6 these !dustres are %o!tr*ut!" %o!sdera*(y to deterorato!

o& ar 'ua(ty ! Ja##u re"o!.

th the "ro6th o& tours# a!d the %o!se'ue!t s$urt ! !dustra(Bato! there has

*ee! a hu"e "ro6th ! the tra!s$ort se%tor ! Ja##u. ro# a! !%reas!" !u#*ero& *uses $(y!" o! the !terstate routes to $(a%es o& tourst s"!&%a!%e7 to ever

"ro6!" !u#*er o& tourst ta2es a!d $rvate veh%(es7 the tra&&% de!sty ! Ja##u

has *ee! !%reas!" year a&ter year a!d #o!th a&ter #o!th. The tra&&% de!sty !

Ja##u s %urre!t(y rated at !u#*er t6o ! the 6or(d a&ter To4yo ! Ja$a! 6h%h

o%%u$es the $r#e s(ot. Due to ths u$sur"e ! tra!s$ort a%tvtes the overa((

%o!su#$to! o& $etro(eu# $rodu%ts ! Ja##u re"o! s head!" !orth6ards.


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I!%reas!" $etro(eu# %o!su#$to! #ea!s !%reas!" e#sso!s o& %ar*o!do2de7

!trous o2des a!d sus$e!ded $art%u(ate #atter ! the ar. Ths s the (ead!" %ause

o& !%reas!" ar $o((uto! ! Ja##u re"o!7 the other %ause *e!" the $o((uta!ts

e#tted *y the !dustres (o%ated here. A(so to 4ee$ the %osts do6!7 #a!y

!dustres $re&er to *r*e the $o((uto! %o!tro( de$art#e!t o&&%a(s rather tha!

!sta(( e2$e!sve e&&(ue!t treat#e!t $(a!ts. A(( these &a%tors are (ead!" to !%reased

SPM (eve(s ! the ar ! Ja##u.

These days Ja##u re"o! has a(ar#!" (eve(s o& ar $o((uto! that sur$asses the

(eve(s o& eve! the #etro %tes o& Ne6 De(h7


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IMPACT ON THE STATE O SOI; CONSERVATION F

No6 the resear%her 6(( ds%uss the #$a%t that the *oo#!" tourst e%o!o#y s

(4e(y to have o! the state o& so( %o!servato! ! the Ja##u re"o! o& the state o&

Ja##u a!d o!!" areas. The $rese!%e o& do#est% toursts s !ot as 6e(( ds$ersed7 as t

shou(d *e &ro# a! e%o(o"%a( $o!t o& ve6. I& the ds$ersa( o& the toursts 6as

ade'uate7 the! ther %o!%e!trato! 6ou(d *e (esser *e (esser ! s$e%&% %r%uts.

;esser %o!%e!trato! 6ou(d (ead to (esser &oot&a(( a!d t 6ou(d (ead to a! #$roved

state o& so( %o!servato!.

urther 6e see that a #a>orty o& toursts have #a!y *ad ha*ts that have a

de"rad!" e&&e%t o! the e!vro!#e!t. They #ay have deve(o$ed su%h ha*ts &ro#

ther %h(dhood or #ay*e they #tate &e((o6 toursts7 the &a%t re#a!s that ther*ad ha*ts %o!tr*ute to the ru!ato! o& the e!vro!#e!t. As toursts are the #a!

drvers o& a tours# ore!ted e%o!o#y7 !o authorty 6a!ts to s%are the# o&& *y

te((!" the# &r#(y7 that they shou(d !ot !du("e ! a%tvtes $re>ud%a( to the 6e((

*e!" o& the e!vro!#e!t.

A $art%u(ar *ad ha*t that toursts ! Ja##u re"o! es$e%a((y o! the Mata

Vash!odev %r%ut have deve(o$ed s that o& &eed!" *read to the #o!4eys.

Mo!4eys are a! #$orta!t $art o& the e!de#% &au!a o& the re"o!. Toursts 6ho

are %o#!" o! a $("r#a"e %o!sder the a%t o& &eed!" #o!4eys as a! a%t o& $ety.

They do !ot at a(( sto$ to th!4 o& the short ter# a!d (o!" ter# %o!se'ue!%es o&

ther a%to!s. O!e %a! see the $o(ythe!e $a%4a"!" o& *read a(( a(o!" the route

&ro# Ja##u to


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deve(o$#e!t o& tours# re(ated !&rastru%ture. :y tours# re(ated !&rastru%ture the

resear%her #ea!s hote(s o& a(( sBes7 *" resorts7 %(u*s7 "o(& %ourses a!d a!y other

&a%(tes %reated &or the $ur$ose o& e!terta!!" toursts. I& the %arry!" %a$a%ty o&

a! area s %are&u((y deter#!ed *y tours# e2$erts a!d t s $ro$er(y re"u(ated

throu"hout the year or throu"hout the seaso! as the %ase #ay *e. A!d the! the

tours# re(ated !&rastru%ture s deve(o$ed as $er a #aster $(a!7 6h%h ta4es !to

%o!%er! a(( re(ated &a%tors har#o!B!" the#7 the! t %a! *e sad that su%h

deve(o$#e!ta( a%tvtes 6(( have o!(y the *arest #!#a( !e"atve #$a%t o! the

e!vro!#e!t. :ut u!$(a!!ed deve(o$#e!t s >ust the re%$e &or &uture dsaster. or

e2a#$(e ! the to6! o&


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%o!&erous trees atta! a he"ht o& )0)9 #eters. P!e a!d oa4 &orests &or# the

%(#a2 ve"etato! ! ths *o#e. :ut due to the deve(o$#e!ta( a%tvtes re'ured

&or the "ro6th o& tours# (4e %reat!" hote(s a!d resorts a (ot o& (a!d s re'ured !

h((y a!d $rst!e areas. Most(y ths s &orest(a!d $art o& the #ou!ta! e%osyste#

a!d $art o& the #ou!ta!ous (a!ds%a$e. Ths (a!d s %(eared o& ts trees or

de&orested a!d the! t s (eve(ed #a4!" t $oss*(e to *u(d a "ood(oo4!" hote(.

or (eve(!" the h(( &a%es so#et#es *(ast!" s used 6h%h 6ea4e!s the ro%4y

stru%ture u$ho(d!" the h((s. The! &urther the 6astes "e!erated *y the hote(s are

added to the de&orested (a!ds a!d the st(( e2st!" &orests. Ths #a4es the

%o!dto!s suta*(e &or the $ro(&% "ro6th o& 6eeds %ha!"!" the e!tre ve"etato!

$atter!7 6h%h ! tur! a&&e%ts other s$e%es !tera%t!" 6th ths (a!d. Not o!(y that

*ut the 6astes *r!" $atho"e!s a!d other !se%ts e!da!"er!" the vu(!era*(e rare

s$e%es.

The Ja##u re"o!7 6h%h #a!(y &a((s7 ! the H#a(aya! Bo!e s o!e o& the r%hest

areas ! I!da ! ter#s o& ha*tat a!d s$e%es dversty. It s a (ar"e e%osyste#76h%h shares ts *ou!dares 6th #a!y other e%osyste#s. The Ja##u re"o! has

&orest a!d s%ru* ve"etato! o& *r%h a!d rhode!dro!s !ters$ersed 6th "rass(a!ds

6th severa( 4!ds o& her*s. These *o(o"%a( %o##u!tes ! the h"her a(ttude

areas #er"e !to the a($!e %o##u!tes. As 6e #ove u$ the a(ttudes the

$heasa!ts o& the 6ooded areas "ve 6ay to the s!o6%o%4. The (eo$ard a!d the

$a!ther "ves 6ay to the s!o6 (eo$ard a!d the 6o(&. Ths area a!d ts *o(o"%a(

%o##u!tes are $art o& a h"h(y de"raded e%osyste#. No6 6e see that the

%o!stru%to! o& roads %auses #a>or destru%to! o& the surrou!d!" &orests a!d a(so

the %o!stru%to! o& hote(s7 %a#$!" stes7 resorts et% %auses #u%h de&orestato! a!d

ha*tat (oss. Varous #ea!s o& tra!s$ort throu"h ar7 6ater a!d (a!d !%rease

$o((uto! a!d dstur* the 6(d(&e *y ther &ue( e#sso!s a!d h"h !ose (eve(s.

Heavy $edestra! tra&&% tra#$(es te!der 6(d s$e%es #a4!" ther survva(

d&&%u(t. The! a"a! 6ro!" tourst *ehavor (4e !ds%r#!ate %o((e%to! o& 6(d

$(a!ts a!d &(o6ers? dstur*a!%e o& 6(d(&e? ta4!" souve!rs &ro# 6(d(&e a!d

%are(ess $erusa( o& adve!ture s$orts a(( %o!tr*ute to the (oss o& *odversty a!d

de"radato! o& the e!vro!#e!t.

CONC;USIONF

Thus the resear%her has tred to sho6 that a(( the e(e#e!ts o& the $ro"ra# o&

tours# deve(o$#e!t have s"!&%a!t !e"atve sde e&&e%ts o! the e!vro!#e!t. I!

%o!%(uso! the resear%her 6(( su""est #t"at!" #easures7 6h%h %a! #!#Be or

at (east redu%e those !e"atve %o!se'ue!%es. rst(y as there s !%reas!" $ressure

o! the !atura( resour%es o& the Ja##u re"o!7 tourst #ove#e!t shou(d *e

re"u(ated year arou!d ! su%h a #a!!er that a $ea4 !u#*er o& toursts ! a


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$art%u(ar seaso! are avoded or at (east too h"h a $ea4 s avoded. or ths

$ur$ose a syste# &or o!(!e adva!%e re"strato! o& $("r#s shou(d *e !sta((ed

6h%h %a! re"ster $ros$e%tve $("r#s #o!ths ! adva!%e . The! there shou(d *e a

(#t &or the da(y e!try o& toursts &or $("r#a"e $ur$oses.

h(e $ro#ot!" tours# "ro6th7 a! audt shou(d *e ta4e! o& the 6ater *e!"

%o!su#ed *y the tours# !dustry a!d ts e&&e%t o! the do#est% a!d !dustra(

6ater %o!su#$to!. The (4e(y &uture "ro6th ! the do#est% se%tor 6ater de#a!d

shou(d *e %are&u((y &ore%ast a!d the (4e(y &uture tours# se%tor de#a!d &or 6ater

shou(d a(so *e %are&u((y &ore%ast a!d *oth shou(d *e o&&set a"a!st the (4e(y 6ater

ava(a*(ty ! the re"o!. :oth shou(d *e $ro$er(y *a(a!%ed a"a!st ea%h other a!d

a(( other re(eva!t &a%tors shou(d *e %o!sdered. It s a(so #$orta!t to edu%ate

hote(ers a!d to %reate a6are!ess a#o!" toursts that they a(so have a ro(e to $(ay

! 6ater %o!servato!.

urther as the resear%her has !oted the rver*ed o& rver Ta6 ! Ja##u s *e!"

de"raded *y ruth(ess e2$(otato! &or sa!d a!d ro%4 #atera(. hat 6as ear(er a*eaut&u( s"ht has s !o6 *e%o#!" a vrtua( eyesore. It 6ou(d *e very res$o!s*(e

o& the "over!#e!t & t 6ere to ear#ar4 re#ote(y (o%ated a(ter!atve stes &or

e2tra%t!" sa!d a!d ro%4y #atera(s7 6h%h are a*u!da!t ! the re"o!. Ths 6ay

the rver*ed 6ou(d *e saved &ro# eroso! a!d the rver*ed 6ou(d *e saved &ro#

e2%ess s(t de$osto!.

The! &urther ta4!" !to a%%ou!t the #$a%t o& tours# "ro6th o! the ar 'ua(ty !

the re"o!7 %erta! #easures shou(d *e ta4e!. Ra(6ay (!e shou(d *e e2te!ded to

oy!" ther stay. It %a! *e u!o*trusve(y do!e *yha!d!" ea%h tourst a %o!de!sed *ro%hure "v!" a(( the re'ured !&or#ato! a!d

&urther a! e2%(usve tourst $o(%e de$art#e!t shou(d *e set u$ to he($ toursts a!d

a(so to &r#(y a!d "e!t(y te(( the# 6he! they are *rea4!" or *e!d!" the ru(es they

are e2$e%ted to &o((o6.

Thus ! the $re%ed!" $a"es the resear%her has atte#$ted to &!d out the #$a%t

that the *oo#!" tourst e%o!o#y s hav!" o! the e!vro!#e!t ! Ja##u re"o!.


11/11

To ths e!d the resear%her has a!a(yBed the #$a%t o! the d&&ere!t !atura(

resour%es o& the re"o! ! a se'ue!ta( #a!!er a!d (ast(y the resear%her has

su""ested #t"at!" #easures that %a! he($ to #!#Be the !e"atve #$a%t o!

the e!vro!#e!t or at (east redu%e t.

environmental impact of unplanned tourism activities in jammu region

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