“AN ENVIRONMENTAL

CATASTROPHE”

NUCLEAR AGE

NUCLEAR ACCIDENTS AND

ITS EFFECTS SHOWS ABOUT THE NUCLEAR

AGE

IS there a clean

FUTURE??

FIRST NUCLEAR AGE(1938-67):

HEARTLESS ACTIONS ON JAPAN

SECOND NUCLEAR AGE(1967-92):

CHERNOBYL DISASTERTHIRD NUCLEAR AGE(1992-2011):

Fukushima disaster

RADIATIONS:

RADIOACTIVITY

MARKED BY

YELLOW SIGN

• IT MUST BE STORED IN ABONDED PLACES.

RADIOACTIVE WASTE

• IT CONTINUE TO EMIT RADIATION FOR SEVERAL HUNDRED YEARS

TYPES OF RADIATIONS:

NATURE OF RADIATIONS:

Alpha (α) and Beta (β) radiation, consisting of electrons,. Gamma (γ) radiation, consisting of energetic photons, is eventually absorbed as it penetrates a dense material.

Neutron (n) radiation consists of free neutrons that are blocked using light elements, like hydrogen, which slow and/or capture them. cosmic rays that consist of energetic charged nuclei like protons, helium nuclei, and high-charged nuclei called HZE ions.

MAJOR PART OF NUCLEAR:

Major part of nuclear contains

uranium and radon:

Radon-222 is a gas produced by the decay

of radium-226. Both are a part of the natural

uranium decay chain.

Among non-smokers,

radon is the number one

cause of lung cancer and, overall, the

second leading cause.

SOME BASIC WAYS TO LIMIT EXPLOSURE:

• : Radiation intensity decreases sharply with distance, according to an inverse-square law (in an absolute vacuum).[Distance

• people who are exposed to radiation in addition to natural background radiation, limiting or minimizing the exposure time will reduce the dose from the radiation source.Time

• Air or skin can be sufficient to substantially attenuate low-energy alpha and beta radiation.

• Some radioactive materials are stored or handled underwater or by remote control in rooms constructed of thick concrete or lined with lead.

Shielding

First nuclear age : (1945-67)

one of the major incidents during world

war-II(1945)

Atomic bombings of hiroshima and nagasaki: a result of the war between two big powers of the world,turns the

whole world

though the war came to an end in europe, japan countinued the war without surrendering

so the president truman of america, premier atlee of england where decided to drop a bomb

the crew used pilotless planes and rockets that could not be seen or heared

the bomb used here is b-29

HISTORY ABOUT NUCLEAR AGE

the bomb was set to explode together with chemical reactions

uranium triggers the action, where it strikes on nuclear to start sustainable nuclear chain reaction

Mr.colonel tibbet,

the states man, who

Decide to bomb

Through “enola gay”

the bomb made to

fall from 31,000 feet

and it was set to

explode after falling

43 seconds

it done with the help of seven boeing helicopters

on 6th august,1945 during the day time a B-29 heavy bomber flying at high altitude dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima.

more than 4 square miles gets devasted

nearly 90,000 to 1,66,000 peoples where killed by this cruel incident

on 9th august,1945 an another

B-29 dropped in the industrial

section of the city Nagasaki.

it affects the entire nation

on 10th august, japanese govt.

requested,that it be permitted to

Surrender under the terms of,

Potsdam declaration of july26th.

NUCLEAR CHAIN REACTION:

Uranium bullet triggers the action

Uranium bullet reaches the

uranium tank

Together with the nuclei starts the

nuclear chain reaction

Releases enormous heat and continuos

of energy

DAMAGES AND INJURIES: nearly 60 to 80,000 peoples where killed in nagasaki.

the extended radiation caused innumerable deaths and serious physical,emotional and genetic problems which where faced by many generations.

15-20% where died due to sickness,and 20-30%of to flashburns,50-60% of to other injuries.

a study states that from 1950 – 2000, 46% of leukemia deaths and 11% of solid cancer deaths among the bomb survivors

“as a human being, I would not felt happy about it.

if I where mr.Truman I would not have dropped the bomb”

-mr.colonel tibbbets

Japanese face the situation with courage and made japan one of the leading countries of the world.

SECOND NUCLEAR AGE: (1968-92) second nuclear age plays a big role in nuclear power plant accidents.one of the most popular

nuclear power plant accident is, ‘Chernobyl disaster’.

Chernobyl disaster on 1986: Chernobyl disaster was catastrophic

Nuclear accident occurred on april26,1986

At Chernobyl power plant,Ukraine.

the thing which led to accident is,

the chain reaction went out of control.

Chernobyl power plant is located in

Ukraine.

The disaster began during a systems

test on Saturday, 26 April 1986 at reactor

number four of the Chernobyl plant,

which is near the city of and in pripyat proximity to the administrative border with Belarus and the dnieper river.

Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus have been burdened with the continuing and substantial decontamination and health care costs of the Chernobyl accident.

The Union of Concerned scientists estimates that, among the hundreds of millions of people living in broader geographical areas, there will be 50,000 excess cancer cases resulting in 25,000 excess cancer deaths

The accident: The chain reaction went out of

control.

There was A sudden unexpected power surge

When emergency shut down attempted,a large power output is occurred,which lead to the reactor vessel and steam explosions

This exposed graphite moderator,causes it to ignite.

Power surge

• A sudden power surge

• When the chain reaction is attempted, large power output is occured

Graphite

moderator

• the output causes a series of explosions. this led the graphite moderator to ignite

According to observers outside Unit 4, burning lumps of material and sparks shot into the air above the reactor. Some of them fell on to the roof of the machine hall and started a fire.

About 25 percent of the red-hot graphite blocks and overheated material from the fuel channels was ejected. ...Parts of the graphite blocks and fuel channels were out of the reactor buildings.

As a result of the damage to the building an airflow through the core was established by the high temperature of the core. The air ignited the hot graphite and started a graphite fire.

the image shows the ejected

Graphite From the power plant

Four hundred times more radioactive material

was released than had been by the atomic bombing

of Hiroshima. The disaster

released 1/100 to 1/1000 of the

total amount of radioactivity

released by nuclear weapons testing.

Approximately 100,000 km² of land

was significantly contaminated

nearly 350 animals were born with gross deformities such as missing

or extra limbs, missing eyes, heads or

ribs, or deformed skulls; in comparison,

only three abnormal births had been

registered in the five years prior.

This was due to residual radioactivity from Chernobyl in the plants they graze on in the wild during the summer. The after-effects of Chernobyl were expected to be seen for a further 100 years, although the severity of the effects would decline over that period.

after the accident, four square

kilometers gets totally contaminated

the image shows that a pine forest

directly downwind of the reactor,

turns wine reddish brown and died.

According to the Union of Concerned

Scientists the number of excess cancer

deaths worldwide (including all contaminated areas) is approximately 27,000.

An area extending 19 miles (31 km) in all directions from the plant is known as the "zone of alienation." It is largely uninhabited, except for a few residents who have refused to leave. The area has largely reverted to forest.

the image shows about

the zone of alietnaion

THIRD NUCLEAR AGE:1992-2011

Fukushima disaster on japan

A Massive disaster caused by the

ear earth quake.

Eleven reactors at four sites near Japan’s north east coast where shutdown per seismic energy procedures

Five reactors at Fukushima declared emergencies due to loss of emergency backup power.

this accident causes the nuclear contamination, in the surrounding environment

Sreening is being done and people are subjected to proper medical care

Initially only three workers where affected by this radiation

Japan handled the situation in more effective and amazing way

THIS ACCIDENT SPOILS THE SURROUNDING

PEOPLE LIVING IN SURROUNDINGS

SUFFERED FOT FOOD AND SHELTER

AS PER THE SEISMIC PROCEDURE FOOD

GROWN IN THAT AREA IS BANNED FOR SALE

IS THERE A CLEAN FUTURE?? Though the nuclear power plants are essential one, it is a boon to our society. Our

govrnment have to take much risk on this matter.

although power plants are clean it may cause harm to our precious environment.

we should use and manage our the natural resources wisely.

“production of energy witout polluting will be much thank full for the people

arround power plants”

RESPECT THE NATION!!RESPECT THE PEOPLE!!!

thank you for considering my presentation

a presentation by

thangaraj.m

harikrishnan.v