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Entrepreneurship
David AlvisFIAgrM
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entrepreneurshipɒntrəprəˈnəːʃɪp/noun1.the activity of setting up a business or businesses, taking on financial risks in the hope of profit.
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William Gibbs(1790–1875)
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‘William Gibbs made his dibs…
…Selling the turds of foreign birds’
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Innovative entry by entrepreneurs was the ‘disruptive force that sustained economic growth’,
even as it destroyed the value of established companies that enjoyed some degree
of monopoly power derived from previous technological, organisational, regulatory, and
economic paradigms.
This came to be known as Schumpeter’s theory of ‘Creative destruction’
The Austrian-American economist Joseph Schumpeter was one of the first
scholars to theorise about entrepreneurship and summised….
Joseph Schumpeter (1883-1950)
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Entrepreneurship in Agriculture
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Kaukana, Wisconsin, USA1994
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Fair Oaks, Indiana, USA1998
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…from ‘Stool ‘to Fuel
Powered by Poop…
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$90 million
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$1billion
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Meanwhile… back in Blighty!
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32
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UK’s largest Goat Milk producer…
…milking 8,000 goats on 2 sites in
East Yorkshire
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…producing over 10 million
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& 10,000 tonnes of…
…every year
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without upsetting the neighbours!
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Current Herd Average Yield
1,400 litres per annum
or 4 litres per goat per day
Vs
UK Average Yield
<1,000 litres per annum
or <3 litres / goat per day
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800
900
1,000
1,100
1,200
1,300
1,400
1,500
1,600
1,700
1,800
1,900
2,000
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Her
d A
vera
ge Y
ield
(litr
es p
er g
oat p
er y
ear)
Herd Average Annual Yield (litres)
YDG Long- term trendline
Current yield projection
YDG Herd Historic & Projected Average Yield
UK Average yield (est.)
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Genomics
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What can Genomics do for us?
Earlier & more accurate identification of Elite Animals
Shorter Generation Interval
Faster Genetic Improvement
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GenomicsHow it works…
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Goat genome
2.9 Billion base pairs60 Chromosomes
Human Genome
3 Billion base pairs46 Chromosomes
Each contains over 20,000 individual genes…
…of which 80% are common to both species
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)
A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), a variation at a single site in DNA, is the most frequent type of variation in the genome..
..as ‘SNPs’ are highly conserved throughout evolution and within a population, a map of SNPs serves as an excellent genotypic marker for research
Cross referencing SNP markers with observed ‘Phenotype’ or trait data enables increasingly accurate Genomic Estimated Breeding Value (GEBV) predictions
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15,000 Genotypes
>1,000,000 phenotypic records
From > 40,000 animals
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Genomic
Estimated
Breeding
Values
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Dairy Goat Genomics - Phase 2
18,000 animals will be Genotyped by 2018, increasing the accuracy of existing Genomic Breeding Values and
establishing GEBVs for new target management traits …
Mastitis Resistance Out of Season Breeding Feed Conversion Efficiency & Longevity
2017 2018
21st International Farm Management Congress, John McIntyre Conference Centre, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
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External Validation
The Genomic ‘Key’ has been successfully tested on Dairy Goat herds from…
UK Netherlands New Zealand
21st International Farm Management Congress, John McIntyre Conference Centre, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
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21st International Farm Management Congress, John McIntyre Conference Centre, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
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• Entrepreneurship is the foundation of economic growth
• Opportunities often arise out of uncertainty
• UK Agriculture will continue to benefit from one of the worlds highest value domestic markets
• Global demand for food will continue to rise
• Innovation, Risk Management and Consumer engagement are key to success
• But above all, do not be afraid to …
In conclusion
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Thank you
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