(enroute) - borneo, jawa, sulawesi and nusa tenggara

PUB.

(ENROUTE)SAILING DIRECTIONS

2015

163

BORNEO, JAWA, SULAWESI, AND NUSA

TENGGARA

Prepared and published by theNATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY

Springfield, Virginia

COPYRIGHT 2015 BY THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENTNO COPYRIGHT CLAIMED UNDER TITLE 17 U.S.C.

THIRTEENTH EDITION

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

Internet: http://bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800Fax: (202) 512-2250 Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-0001

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Preface

0.0 Pub. 163, Sailing Directions (Enroute) for Borneo, Jawa, Sula-wesi, and Nusa Tenggara, Thirteenth Edition, 2015, is issued foruse in conjunction with Pub. 120, Sailing Directions (PlanningGuide) Pacific Ocean and Southest Asia. The companion vol-umes are Pubs. 161, 162, and 164.0.0 Digital Nautical Charts 4 and 11 provide electronic chartcoverage for the area covered by this publication.0.0 This publication has been corrected to 3 January 2015, in-cluding Notice to Mariners No. 1 of 2015. Subsequent updateshave corrected this publication to 4 November 2017, includingNotice to Mariners No. 44 of 2017.

Explanatory Remarks

0.0 Sailing Directions are published by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) under the authority of Departmentof Defense Directive 5105.40, dated 12 December 1988, andpursuant to the authority contained in U. S. Code Title 10, Sec-tions 2791 and 2792 and Title 44, Section 1336. Sailing Direc-tions, covering the harbors, coasts, and waters of the world,provide information that cannot be shown graphically on nauti-cal charts and is not readily available elsewhere.0.0 Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) are intended to assistmariners in planning ocean passages and to eliminate duplica-tion by consolidating useful information about all the countriesadjacent to a particular ocean basin in one volume. 0.0 Planning Guide publications are compiled and structured inthe alphabetical order of countries contained within the regioncovered by each publication.0.0 Bearings.Bearings are true, and are expressed in degreesfrom 000 (north) to 360, measured clockwise. General bear-ings are expressed by the initial letters of the points of the com-pass (e.g. N, NNE, NE, etc.). Adjective and adverb endingshave been discarded. Wherever precise bearings are intended,degrees are used.0.0 Charts.Reference to charts made throughout this publica-tion refer to both the paper chart and the Digital Nautical Chart(DNC). 0.0 Corrective Information.Users should refer corrections,additions, and comments to NGAs Maritime Operations Desk,as follows:

0.0 New editions of Sailing Directions are corrected through thedate of publication shown above. Important information toamend material in the publication is available is updated asneeded and available as a downloadable corrected publicationfrom the NGA Maritime Domain web site.

0.0 Courses.Courses are true, and are expressed in the samemanner as bearings. The directives steer and make good acourse mean, without exception, to proceed from a point of or-igin along a track having the identical meridional angle as thedesignated course. Vessels following the directives must allowfor every influence tending to cause deviation from such track,and navigate so that the designated course is continuously be-ing made good.0.0 Currents.Current directions are the true directions towardwhich currents set.0.0 Distances.Distances are expressed in nautical miles of 1minute of latitude. Distances of less than 1 mile are expressedin meters, or tenths of miles.0.0 Geographic Names.Geographic names are generallythose used by the nation having sovereignty. Names in paren-theses following another name are alternate names that mayappear on some charts. In general, alternate names are quotedonly in the principal description of the place. Diacritical marks,such as accents, cedillas, and circumflexes, which are related tospecific letters in certain foreign languages, are not used in theinterest of typographical simplicity.0.0 Geographic names or their spellings do not necessarily re-flect recognition of the political status of an area by the UnitedStates Government.0.0 Heights.Heights are referred to the plane of referenceused for that purpose on the charts and are expressed in meters.0.0 Internet Links.This publication provides Internet links toweb sites concerned with maritime navigational safety, includ-ing but not limited to, Federal government sites, foreign Hy-drographic Offices, and foreign public/private port facilities.NGA makes no claims, promises, or guarantees concerning theaccuracy, completeness, or adequacy of the contents of theseweb sites and expressly disclaims any liability for errors andomissions in the contents of these web sites.0.0 International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS)Code.The ISPS Code is a comprehensive set of measures toenhance the security of ships and port facilities developed inresponse to the perceived threats to ships and port facilities inthe wake of the 9/11 attacks in the United States. Information

1. Toll free: 1-800-362-6289

2. Commercial: 571-557-5455

3. DSN: 547-5455

4. DNC web site: https://dnc.nga.mil/

5. Maritime Do-main web site:

https://msi.nga.mil/NGAPortal/MSI.portal

6. E-mail: [email protected]

7. Mailing address: Maritime Safety OfficeNational Geospatial-Intelligence AgencyMail Stop N64-SFH7500 Geoint DriveSpringfield VA 22150-7500

NGA Maritime Domain Website https://msi.nga.mil/NGAPortal/MSI.portal

https://msi.nga.mil/NGAPortal/MSI.portal

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on the ISPS Code can be found at the International MaritimeOrganization web site:

0.0 Lights and Fog Signals.Lights and fog signals are not de-scribed, and light sectors are not usually defined. The LightLists should be consulted for complete information.0.0 Maritime Administration (MARAD) Advisories.MA-RAD Advisories were issued prior to 31 December 2016 torapidly disseminate information on maritime dangers, safety,government policy, and other time-sensitive matters pertainingto U.S.-flag vessel operations. MARAD Advisories were is-sued by the Office of Security to vessel masters, ship operators,and other U.S. Maritime interests. Advisories were communi-cated via telex or other message formats and were published onthe MARAD web site and in the National Geospatial-Intelli-gence Agencys Weekly Notice to Mariners. All legacy MA-RAD Advisories can be accessed at the NGA Maritime SafetyInformation web site (https://msi.nga.mil/NGAPortal/MSI.por-tal).0.0 MARAD Advisories have been replaced by the U.S. Mari-time Advisory System. All legacy MARAD Advisories willautomatically expire on 6 July 2017 unless canceled sooner.For further information, see the paragraph titled U.S. MaritimeAdvisory System.0.0 National Ocean Claims.Information on national oceanclaims and maritime boundary disputes, which have been com-piled from the best available sources, is provided solely in theinterest of the navigational safety of shipping and in no wayconstitutes legal recognition by the United States. These non-recognized claims and requirements may include, but are notlimited to:

1. A requirement by a state for advance permission ornotification for innocent passage of warships in the territorialsea.

2. Straight baseline, internal waters, or historic watersclaims.

3. The establishment of a security zone, where a stateclaims to control activity beyond its territorial sea for securi-ty reasons unrelated to that states police powers in its terri-tory, including its territorial sea.

0.0 Radio Navigational Aids.Radio navigational aids and ra-dio weather services are not described in detail. PublicationNo. 117 Radio Navigational Aids and NOAA Publication, Se-lected Worldwide Marine Weather Broadcasts, should be con-sulted.0.0 Soundings.Soundings are referred to the datum of thecharts and are expressed in meters. 0.0 Special Warnings.Legacy Special Warnings issued priorto 31 December 2016 may still be in force for the geographicarea covered by this publication. Special Warnings were print-ed in the weekly Notice to Mariners upon promulgation and arereprinted annually in Notice to Mariners No. 1. All legacy MA-RAD Advisories can be accessed at the NGA Maritime SafetyInformation web site (https://msi.nga.mil/NGAPortal/MSI.por-tal).

0.0 Special Warnings have been replaced by the U.S. MaritimeAdvisory System. All legacy Special Warnings will automati-cally expire on 6 July 2017 unless canceled sooner. For furtherinformation, see the paragraph titled U.S. Maritime AdvisorySystem.0.0 Time.Time is normally expressed as local time unless spe-cifically designated as Universal Coordinated Time (UTC). 0.0 Time Zone.The Time Zone description(s), as well as in-formation concerning the use of Daylight Savings Time, are in-cluded. The World Time Zone Chart is available on the Inter-net at the web site given below.

0.0 U.S. Maritime Advisory System.The U.S. Maritime Ad-visory System is a streamlined inter-agency approach to identi-fying and promulgating maritime security threats. The systemreplaces Special Warnings to Mariners (State Department),MARAD Advisories (Maritime Administration), and MarineSafety Information Bulletins (U.S. Coast Guard) and consistsof the following items:

1. U.S. Maritime AlertProvides basic information (lo-cation, incident, type, date/time) on reported maritime secu-rity threats to U.S. maritime industry interests. U.S.Maritime alerts do not contain policy or recommendationsfor specific courses of information.

2. U.S. Maritime AdvisoryProvides more detailed in-formation, when appropriate, through a whole-of-govern-ment response to an identified maritime threat.

0.0 Winds.Wind directions are the true directions from whichwinds blow.

Reference List

0.0 The principal sources examined in the preparation of thispublication were:0.0 British Hydrographic Department Sailing Directions.0.0 Japanese Sailing Directions.0.0 Various port handbooks.0.0 Reports from United States naval and merchant vessels andvarious shipping companies.0.0 Other U.S. Government publications, reports, and docu-ments. 0.0 Charts, light lists, tide and current tables, and other docu-ments in possession of the Agency.0.0 Internet Web Site, as follows:

0.0 Sabah Ports Authority0.0 http://www.infosabah.com.my/spa

International Maritime Organization Home Pagehttp://www.imo.org

Standard Time Zone of the World Charthttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-

world-factbook/graphics/ref_maps/physical/pdf/standard_time_zones_of_the_world.pdf

Maritime Administration (MARAD)U.S. Maritime Advisory System

https://www.marad.dot.gov/environment-and-safety/office-of-security/msci

https://msi.nga.mil/NGAPortal/MSI.portalhttps://msi.nga.mil/NGAPortal/MSI.portalhttps://msi.nga.mil/NGAPortal/MSI.portalhttps://msi.nga.mil/NGAPortal/MSI.portalhttps://www.marad.dot.gov/environment-and-safety/office-of-security/mscihttps://www.marad.dot.gov/environment-and-safety/office-of-security/mscihttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/graphics/ref_maps/physical/pdf/standard_time_zones_of_the_world.pdfhttps://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/graphics/ref_maps/physical/pdf/standard_time_zones_of_the_world.pdf

Pub. 163 IV

Date of Change: 6 May 2017

Notice to Mariners: 18/2017

Sector Paragraphs

Sector 2 Paragraph 2.22

Sector 3 Paragraphs 3.14 and 3.25

Sector 11 Paragraphs 11.30, 11.81, and 11.93

Date of Change: 4 November 2017

Notice to Mariners: 44/2017

Sector Paragraphs








Sector 11 Paragraphs11.74, 11.78, 11.80 and 11.88

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0.0SECTOR LIMITSPUB. 163

Pub. 163 VI

Conversion Tables

Feet to MetersFeet 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 0.00 0.30 0.61 0.91 1.22 1.52 1.83 2.13 2.44 2.74 10 3.05 3.35 3.66 3.96 4.27 4.57 4.88 5.18 5.49 5.79 20 6.10 6.40 6.71 7.01 7.32 7.62 7.92 8.23 8.53 8.84 30 9.14 9.45 9.75 10.06 10.36 10.67 10.97 11.28 11.58 11.89 40 12.19 12.50 12.80 13.11 13.41 13.72 14.02 14.33 14.63 14.93 50 15.24 15.54 15.85 16.15 16.46 16.76 17.07 17.37 17.68 17.98 60 18.29 18.59 18.90 19.20 19.51 19.81 20.12 20.42 20.73 21.03 70 21.34 21.64 21.95 22.25 22.55 22.86 23.16 23.47 23.77 24.08 80 24.38 24.69 24.99 25.30 25.60 25.91 26.21 26.52 26.82 27.13 90 27.43 27.74 28.04 28.35 28.65 28.96 29.26 29.57 29.87 30.17

Fathoms to MetersFathoms 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 0.00 1.83 3.66 5.49 7.32 9.14 10.97 12.80 14.63 16.46 10 18.29 20.12 21.95 23.77 25.60 27.43 29.26 31.09 32.92 34.75 20 36.58 38.40 40.23 42.06 43.89 45.72 47.55 49.38 51.21 53.03 30 54.86 56.69 58.52 60.35 62.18 64.01 65.84 67.67 69.49 71.32 40 73.15 74.98 76.81 78.64 80.47 82.30 84.12 85.95 87.78 89.61 50 91.44 93.27 95.10 96.93 98.75 100.58 102.41 104.24 106.07 107.90 60 109.73 111.56 113.39 115.21 117.04 118.87 120.70 122.53 124.36 126.19 70 128.02 129.85 131.67 133.50 135.33 137.16 138.99 140.82 142.65 144.47 80 146.30 148.13 149.96 151.79 153.62 155.45 157.28 159.11 160.93 162.76 90 164.59 166.42 168.25 170.08 171.91 173.74 175.56 177.39 179.22 181.05

Meters to FeetMeters 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 0.00 3.28 6.56 9.84 13.12 16.40 19.68 22.97 26.25 29.53 10 32.81 36.09 39.37 42.65 45.93 49.21 52.49 55.77 59.06 62.34 20 65.62 68.90 72.18 75.46 78.74 82.02 85.30 88.58 91.86 95.14 30 98.42 101.71 104.99 108.27 111.55 114.83 118.11 121.39 124.67 127.95 40 131.23 134.51 137.80 141.08 144.36 147.64 150.92 154.20 157.48 160.76 50 164.04 167.32 170.60 173.88 177.16 180.45 183.73 187.01 190.29 193.57 60 196.85 200.13 203.41 206.69 209.97 213.25 216.54 219.82 223.10 226.38 70 229.66 232.94 236.22 239.50 242.78 246.06 249.34 252.62 255.90 259.19 80 262.47 265.75 269.03 272.31 275.59 278.87 282.15 285.43 288.71 291.99 90 295.28 298.56 301.84 305.12 308.40 311.68 314.96 318.24 321.52 324.80

Meters to FathomsMeters 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

0 0.00 0.55 1.09 1.64 2.19 2.73 3.28 3.83 4.37 4.92 10 5.47 6.01 6.56 7.11 7.66 8.20 8.75 9.30 9.84 10.39 20 10.94 11.48 12.03 12.58 13.12 13.67 14.22 14.76 15.31 15.86 30 16.40 16.95 17.50 18.04 18.59 19.14 19.68 20.23 20.78 21.33 40 21.87 22.42 22.97 23.51 24.06 24.61 25.15 25.70 26.25 26.79 50 27.34 27.89 28.43 28.98 29.53 30.07 30.62 31.17 31.71 32.26 60 32.81 33.36 33.90 34.45 35.00 35.54 36.09 36.64 37.18 37.73 70 38.28 38.82 39.37 39.92 40.46 41.01 41.56 42.10 42.65 43.20 80 43.74 44.29 44.84 45.38 45.93 46.48 47.03 47.57 48.12 48.67 90 49.21 49.76 50.31 50.85 51.40 51.95 52.49 53.04 53.59 54.13

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Abbreviations

The following abbreviations may be used in the text:

UnitsC degree(s) Centigrade km kilometer(s)cm centimeter(s) m meter(s)cu.m. cubic meter(s) mb millibarsdwt deadweight tons MHz megahertzFEU forty-foot equivalent units mm millimeter(s)gt gross tons nt net tonskHz kilohertz TEU twenty-foot equivalent units

DirectionsN north S southNNE northnortheast SSW southsouthwestNE northeast SW southwestENE eastnortheast WSW westsouthwestE east W westESE eastsoutheast WNW westnorthwestSE southeast NW northwestSSE southsoutheast NNW northnorthwest

Vessel typesLASH Lighter Aboard Ship Ro-ro Roll-on Roll-offLNG Liquified Natural Gas ULCC Ultra Large Crude CarrierLPG Liquified Petroleum Gas VLCC Very Large Crude CarrierOBO Ore/Bulk/Oil VLOC Very Large Ore CarrierLo-lo Lift-on Lift-off FSO Floating Storage and Offloading NGL Natural Gas Liquids FSU Floating Storage Unit

FSRU Floating Storage and Regasification Unit FPSOFloating Production Storage and Offloading

TimeETA estimated time of arrival GMT Greenwich Mean TimeETD estimated time of departure UTC Coordinated Universal Time

Water levelMSL mean sea level LWS low water springsHW high water MHWN mean high water neapsLW low water MHWS mean high water springsMHW mean high water MLWN mean low water neapsMLW mean low water MLWS mean low water springsHWN high water neaps TFW Tropical Fresh WaterHWS high water springs HAT highest astronomical tideLWN low water neaps LAT lowest astronomical tide

CommunicationsD/F direction finder MF medium frequencyR/T radiotelephone HF high frequencyGMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System VHF very high frequencyLF low frequency UHF ultra high frequency

NavigationLANBY Large Automatic Navigation Buoy SBM Single Buoy MooringNAVSAT Navigation Satellite SPM Single Point MooringODAS Ocean Data Acquisition System TSS Traffic Separation SchemeCBM Conventional Buoy Mooring System VTC Vessel Traffic CenterMBM Multi-Buoy Mooring System VTS Vessel Traffic ServiceCALM Catenary Anchor Leg Mooring

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Miscellaneous

AIS Automatic Identification System MMSIMaritime Mobile Service Identity Code

COLREGS Collision Regulations No./Nos. Number/Numbers

IALAInternational Association of LighthouseAuthorities

PAPD

Position approximatePosition doubtful

IHO International Hydrographic Organization Pub. Publication

IMO International Maritime Organization SOLASInternational Convention for Safety of Life at Sea

IMDG Intermational Maritime Dangerous Goods CodeLOA length overall St./Ste. Saint/Sainte

UKC Under keel clearance ISPSInternational Ship and Port facility Security

ITCInternational Convention on the Tonnage Measurement of Ships (1969)

ECDISElectronic Chart Display and Information System

The following abbreviations may be used in the text:

Pub. 163 IX

Contents

Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IIChartletSector Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VConversion Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIAbbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII

Sector 1

BorneoNorthwest Coast And Kepulauan Tudjuh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Sector 2

Bangka, Belitung, and Kepulauan Karimata . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

Sector 3

JawaNorth Coast and Madura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Sector 4

JawaSouth Coast and Selat Sunda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99

Sector 5

Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, and Adjacent Straits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

Sector 6

Nusa Tenggara (Lesser Sunda Islands) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Sector 7

SulawesiWest and North Coasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181

Sector 8

SulawesiSouth and East Coasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

Sector 9

BorneoSouth and East Coasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

Sector 10

BorneoNortheast Coast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

Sector 11

BorneoNorthwest Coast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311

Glossaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359

IndexGazetteer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365

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1. BorneoNorthwest Coast And Kepulauan Tudjuh

1.0Additional chart coverage may be found in NGA/DLIS Catalog of Maps, Charts, and Related Products (Unlimited Distribution).SECTOR 1 CHART INFORMATION

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1.0Additional DNC library coverage may be found in NGA DNCs 04, and 11 (Limited Distribution) disc within the README\GRAPHICS folder.1.0SECTOR 1 DNC LIBRARY INFORMATION

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SECTOR 1

BORNEONORTHWEST COAST AND KEPULAUAN TUDJUH

1.0 Plan.This sector describes the four island groups of Kepu-lauan Tudjuh and the NW coast of Borneo. The general ar-rangement of each group is from W to E, with each islandgroup described under a separate heading. The coast of Borneois described from N to S.

General Remarks

1.1 Kepulauan Tudjuh (Tudjuh Archipelago) comprisesthose islands belonging to the Republic of Indonesia in theEastern Archipelago, which lie in the S portion of the SouthChina Sea, N of the Equator. The islands are divided into fourmain groups, consisting of Kepulauan Badas, Kepulauan Tam-belan, Kepulauan Natuna and Kepulauan Anambas. All the is-lands of Kepulauan Tudjuh lie W and NW of the W coast ofBorneo. 1.1 Most of the islands are covered with dense vegetation, and inrelation to their size are fairly high. The NW coast of Borneodescribed in this sector is that part extending from Tanjong Da-tu to Tanjung Padangtikar, about 166 miles SSE. The SW ex-tremity of the sector is situated in position 104'S, 10510'E,about 35 miles NW of the NW extremity of Bangka.1.1 WindsWeather.The most important characteristic ofthe climate, is the seasonal change of the winds. It is customarytherefore to recognize two seasons only, the Northeast Mon-soon and the Southwest Monsoon. From March to May, theSouthwest Monsoon extends N, and covers the whole areafrom June to August. During September to November the air-flow is reversed and the Northeast Monsoon spreads S to theEquator, and prevails over the South China Sea from Decemberto January.1.1 The Northeast Monsoon has a significant frequency of Nwinds over the area, while Southwest Monsoon has a great Scomponent near the equator.1.1 Over this area the average wind speed is 7 to 16 knots inwinter, and 4 to 10 knots in summer. During the transition peri-od in spring and autumn the winds are mainly light and vari-able except in isolated squalls.1.1 The period from May to October is relatively free of galesapart from the localized storms during the passage of tropicalstorms. Gale force winds are more common during December,with winds of 28 to 33 knots comprising 1 per cent of the totalreports.1.1 Rainfall is abundant over the whole area. Borneo has morethunderstorms than any other region in the world. Along thecoasts many stations report thunder on 1 day in every three. In-land many places endure thunder on 2 days in 3. Some of themore violent storms cause considerable havoc with severesqualls and torrential rain.1.1 Fog is rare over this area. Poor visibility (less than 5 miles) isreported on less than 5 per cent of the observations, but the in-creases in frequency is greater during September near the Bor-neo coast; this haze spreads from the S hemisphere in latesummer.

1.1 Good to excellent visibility prevails for most of the time,though sudden deterioration occurs in the heavier rainstorms.Patches of fog develop at night in estuaries and sheltered inletsand may be dense for a brief period around dawn.1.1 TidesCurrents.Currents in the vicinity of KepulauanTudjuh are of monsoonal origin and set predominantly in N di-rections from May to September and in S directions from Octo-ber to April, with rates of up to 2 knots. The tidal currents havebeen observed in this area, from mid-July to mid-September andin December during the Northeast Monsoon, to set to windwardagainst the monsoon drift, for a part of each day.1.1 The movement of the surface water over the South China Sea isrelated, in general, to the monsoons, through the relationship iscomplex and not direct. The main SW setting current occursduring the Northeast Monsoon (November to March) and the NEsetting current occurs during the Southwest Monsoon (May toSeptember). Currents with a velocity of 1 to 2 knots may be en-countered.

1.1 DepthsLimitations.In the South China Sea betweenSingapore Strait and the W coast of Borneo, the depths aregenerally 38 to 44m.1.1 Belida Marine Terminal (48'N., 1058'E.) comprises an FP-SO Intan which is moored to an SPM. Shuttle tankers up to230,000dwt can be accommodated See Pub. 161, Sailing Di-rections (Enroute) South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailandfor details on the numerous platforms that make up the otherpart of Belida Field located in the Natuna Sea.1.1 Offshore terminals and oil fields situated off the NW coast ofBorneo and covered by this sector are the Kakap3 Natuna OilField, the Anoa Natuna Oil Field, and the Udang Oil Field. De-tails on the Kerteh Oil Field, the Tapis Oil Field, and the Teng-gol Oil Field are covered in Pub. 161, Sailing Directions(Enroute) South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand. The AnoaOil Field and the Udang Oil Field lie 24 miles NNW and 68miles SSE, respectively, from the Kakap Oil Field. The TapisOil Field and the Kerteh Oil Field lie 63 miles WNW and 86miles W, respectively, from Kakap Terminal.1.1 Regulations.For information regarding designated Archi-pelago Sea Lanes, as defined by the United Nations Conven-tion on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), passing from the SouthChina Sea through the Indonesian Archipelago, see the Indone-sia section of Pub. 120, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide)Pacific Ocean and Southeast Asia.1.1 Caution.Numerous oil fields and gas fields exist off thecoasts of Sarawak, Brunei, and Sabah. Each field contains clus-ters of installations, consisting of above-water, awash, or sub-merged structures; the structures may be permanent or movableand may or may not be lighted. However, most structures ex-hibit lights, especially platforms. Since not all features arecharted or marked, mariners are cautioned to exercise specialcare when navigating these waters. 1.1 A vessel entering a restricted area may be challenged by In-donesian air and sea patrols.

4 Sector 1. BorneoNorthwest Coast and Kepulauan Tudjuh

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1.1 Pipelines lead between structures, within a field, between thevarious fields, and to the shore collecting stations. Navigationis restricted and anchoring is prohibited in these areas. Gaspipelines contain high pressure flammable natural gas. 1.1 It is advised not to anchor, trawl, or drag near these pipe-lines. Vessels causing damage to a pipeline by anchoring ortrawling risks prosecution, instant fire hazard, and loss ofbuoyancy to the vessel.1.1 Floating or fixed drilling rigs may be encountered in someareas covered by this volume. The flares from these structuresmay be seen from distances up to 20 miles. Buoys and lightedbuoys associated with drilling operations are frequentlymoored in the vicinity of the rigs. The positions of these rigsand buoys are subject to change, and where known, the chang-es are promulgated by NAVAREA Xl radio navigational warn-ing messages. 1.1 Permanent platforms, structures, and buoys are mostly chart-ed. These structures usually exhibit lights (Mo (U) 15 seconds)and fog signals (Mo (U) 30 seconds). Selected below-water ob-structions are marked by buoys in the gas fields. The limits ofthe gas fields are charted, but not all the features are containedwithin a field. Special care should be exercised when navigat-ing in the vicinity. Anchoring within a gas field is prohibited,except where designated.1.1 Submerged or partially afloat drifting logs, roots and palmtrees, etc., posing hazard to navigation are usually encounteredbetween Kepulauan Natuna and Balabac Strait (730'N.,11700'E.). Off the coast of Borneo, there are numerous fishhavens, afloat and submerged.1.1 Mariners are advised that fish havens or artificial reefs arenumerous off the coast of Borneo and may be encountered offany coastline covered by this volume.1.1 Numerous acts of piracy have been reported, usually bysmall gangs of armed men in fast boats.1.1 Taking photographs of Indonesian harbors and installationsis prohibited.1.1 The area described in this volume lies in the middle of one ofthe earths most active seismic zones. Most of the islands, withthe exception of large parts of Borneo, have been subjected todestructive earthquakes. In recent years, the area was subjectedto about 20 earthquakes of moderate to large intensity each year.1.1 The archipelago contains 56 volcanoes that have been activewithin historic times. Of all these volcanoes, 51 are located onislands, and 5 are in the sea bed. Most of these volcanoes liealong the arc formed by the Indonesian islands.1.1 The most famous volcano in Indonesia is Pulau Rakat(Krakatau) (609'S., 10526'E.); it lies between Java and Su-matra in Sunda Strait. The island is about 3 miles in diameterwith an active volcano, Gunung Rakata, rising to a height of813m.1.1 Volcanic activity in the waters between Rakata and Sebesi hasbeen reported to exist. Vessels are advised to avoid this area.

Kepulauan Natuna

1.2 The islands of Kepulauan Natuna are the NE islandsof Kepulauan Tadjuh and extend in a NNW direction for 190miles from Tanjung Api (157'N., 10920'E.), the NW extrem-ity of Borneo. They are divided into three main groups and aredescribed from N to S.

Kepulauan Natuna BesarNorth Group

1.3 Pulau Laut (443'N., 10759'E.) is the largest islandin the group, which is comprised of one large island, two smallislands, and several off-lying islets and dangers which lie about30 miles NNW of Pulau Natuna Besar, the largest island inKepulauan Tudjuh. The island has a length of about 7 milesand a greatest width, near its S end, of about 3 miles. It is gen-erally hilly, rising near its N end to a summit of 286m. 1.3 The coast at this point is rather steep, but elsewhere it is lowand sandy. The entire island is surrounded by an extensive dry-ing reef, which extends to 2.8 miles off the E side and up to 3miles off Tanjung Majam. Pulau Sekatung, precipitous andhilly, 223m high, stands on the reef, 0.3 mile NNE of PulauLaut. Tanjung Sekatung Light is shown from NE extremity ofPulau Sekatung. An obstruction was reported 28.5 miles N ofPulau Sekatung.1.3 Batu Imung (438'N., 10759'E.), a detached rock 18mhigh, stands S of the coastal reef, 4.5 miles SE of Tanjung Ma-jam. Gloria Reef, with a depth of 2.4m, lies 2.8 miles SSW ofBatu Imung. A coral reef, with a depth of 5.8m, lies 3.8 milesSE of Gloria Reef. Laurel Reef with a depth of 11.9m, coral,stone, and shell, lies 8 miles ESE of the NE extremity of PulauLaut. 1.3 There are a number of charted dangers which lie between aline drawn from Laurel Reef SSE to the 5.8m coral reef de-scribed above, and the reef which encircles Pulau Laut; theirpositions may be seen on the chart.

1.4 Tokong Burung (425'N., 10741'E.), a group of fourrocks lying on a small reef, the highest being 4m, lies 21 milesSW of Tajung Majam. Pulau (Semium) Semiun, a small, rug-ged, and circular-shaped island marked by a light, lies 6 milesNNE of Tokong Burung. Of the three hills on the island, theone farthest W is the highest and reaches an elevation of 151m.The coast is precipitous except on its E side, where there is asandy beach. The island is fringed by a steep-to drying reef thatextends up to 0.5 mile offshore.

1.4 Two coral patches, with least depths of 4m and 8.8m lie, re-spectively, 1 mile SSW and 1.3 miles NNE of the island.

Pulau Burung

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1.4 Anchorage.During the Northeast Monsoon (October toMarch), vessels can anchor, in 22 to 26m, off the coastal reef, Sof Pulau Laut, 2.3miles WNW of Batu Imung. 1.4 There is also good anchorage, in 12m, inshore of the de-tached reefs and close SSE of Tanjung Majam. Vessels pro-ceeding to the inner anchorage steer for the SE extremity ofPulau Laut, bearing 044, which leads between the reefs to theentrance. When Batu Imung bears 125 alter course graduallyNW, keeping that rock astern bearing 134, and anchor whenthe SE extremity of Pulau Laut bears 082. 1.4 During the Southwest Monsoon (May to September), goodanchorage can be obtained, in depths of 18 to 22m, 1.3 milesNW of the N extremity of Pulau Laut. This group of islandsserve as good landmarks. Anchorage is also available E of Pu-lau Sekatung, in 16m, beyond the dangerous wreck.

Kepulauan Natuna BesarMiddle Group

1.5 Pulau Natuna Besar (Pulau Bunguran Besar)(356'N., 10814'E.), the principal island of the group, is about36 miles in length. The island is almost divided into two partsby Kuala Bindjei and the Sungai Penarik, which together, ex-tend from the SW coast of Pulau Bunguran Besar to within 0.5mile of the SE side.1.5 Tanjung Semut (Tanjung Semui) (414'N., 10813'E.), alow point, is the N extremity of Pulua Natuna Besar. From thispoint, the coast trends SE to Tanjung Datu, a sheer, barren,steep-to cliff, with a wooded summit, 111m high. Teluk AjerLitjin, a small bay encumbered by reefs, lies between these twopoints. 1.5 From Tanjung Datu, the coast trends SSE about 9 miles toTanjung Pengedak, a low sandy point, then 5 miles farther SSEto Tanjung Tanjung, another low point. Foul ground extends upto 2.3 miles offshore. 1.5 Tanjung Senubing (358'N., 10824'E.), a prominent point,lies 4.5 miles SE of Tanjung Tanjung. Pegunungan Ranai, amountain 1,035m high, rises 4.6 miles inland. Tanjung Senub-ing Light is shown from a height of 88m. A prominent radiomast, painted red and white bands, stands about 2.5 miles SWof the light.

1.5 The coastal waters from Tanjung Semut SE to Tanjung Senu-bing are fronted by reefs extending up to 1.3 miles offshore.The 20m curve lies from 0.3 mile offshore at Tanjung Datu to 2miles offshore at Tanjung Tanjung.

1.5 Pulau Senua, 2.5 miles NNE of Tanjung Senubing, has threesummits. The highest is 115m high. Reefs extend up to 0.4mile offshore from the S and W sides.1.5 Karang Kring (403'N., 10828'E.), which dries near itscenter, lies 3.8 miles NE of Pulau Senua; the channel betweenthem is deep and clear.1.5 An oil terminal lies about 1.3 miles SSW of Tanjung Senub-ing in Teluk Ranai. A tanker of 6,000 dwt may be accommo-dated at a T-head pier. 1.5 From Tanjung Senubing, the coast trends S about 4.5 milesto Tanjung Karang, a barren point, then 5.8 miles SSW to Tan-jung Sebintang. The coast trends SW for about 10 miles fromTanjung Sebintang to Tanjung Pianpadang (Tanjung PianPadang) (340'N., 10818'E.), a low sandy point at the SE ex-tremity of Pulau Natuna Besar. The land rises to Pian Padang, ahill 208m high, 0.5 mile inland.1.5 This coast is indented by Teluk Ranai, a bay close S of Tan-jung Senubing and by the Sungai Ulu, which discharges be-tween Tanjung Karang and Tanjung Pasir, about 1.3 miles NW.A dangerous wreck lies 2.8 miles NE of Tanjung Karang. Thecoastal waters are fronted by reefs which extend up to 3 milesE of Tanjung Pasir.

1.6 Karang Karang Penungal (352'N., 10829'E.) arethe easternmost of the known dangers lying off Pulau NatunaBesar. Devonport Reef, with a depth of 4m, is the farthest S ofthese reefs, and a 1.8m reef 2.8 miles N of Devonport Reef liesthe farthest N. There are numerous detached shoals betweenKarang Karang Penungal and the coastal reef, W and SW toTanjung Pianpadang. 1.6 Karang Lamina (Lamina Reef), with a depth of less than1.8m, lies 4.5 miles E of Tanjung Pianpadang. A detached 11mpatch lies about 0.5 mile SE of Karang Lamina. 1.6 Tanjung Sekol (338'N., 10810'E.), the S extremity of Pu-lau Natuna Besar, is a bare rugged point of a lofty mountainrange extending N. From Tanjung Pianpadang to Tanjung Se-kol, 8.5 miles W, the coast is fringed by a reef that extends asfar as 1 mile offshore. A shoal patch with a depth of 5.8m wasreported (1955) to lie 2.5 miles SE of Tanjung Sekol. 1.6 From Tanjung Sekol, the SW coast of Pulau Natuna Besartrends NW about 5 miles to an unnamed point, which rises to aheight of 333m close within.1.6 Komang, an island 186m high, lies on a reef close off the un-named point described above. It lies on the N side of the W en-trance to Selat Lampa. A rock with a depth of 4.9m lies 1 mileN of the W extremity of Komang.

1.7 Kepulauan Bodas (337'N., 10805'E.) is a group ofmoderately high wooded islands lying close off the SW coastof Pulau Natuna Besar. Pulau Sededap, the SW island of thegroup, lies about 8 miles SW of Tanjung Sekol. The island con-sists mainly of a wooded ridge, which rises on its W side to anelevation of 281m.1.7 Pulau Sebangmawang, the largest island of the group, lies 1mile NE of Pulau Sededap. It has two prominent peaks; the N,495m high, rises from an elevated ridge on the NE side of theisland; the S, 449m high, an isolated sharp peak, stands 1.3miles SSW. Pulau Kumbik stands 1 mile NW of Pulau SebangMawang. The island consists principally of a hilly ridge, whichis 495m high near its center.

Pegunungan Ranai


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1.7 There are smaller islands, not described, in this group whichmay be seen on the chart. A channel, with depths of from 11 to22m, leads between the reefs S of Pulau Kumbik and thosefringing the S islands of the group. This passage should not bemade unless the reefs are uncovered. 1.7 Good anchorage, during the Southwest Monsoon (May toSeptember), in a depth of 11m, can be obtained in the W en-trance of the above channel, about 0.5 mile SSW of the SW ex-tremity of Pulau Kumbik. 1.7 Selat Lampa (Straat Laplace) is the channel that separatesKepulauan Bodas from the SW side of Pulau Natuna Besar. Astrong current sometimes sets through the strait. Pulau Setahi, awooded islet, 117m high, lies on the S side of the E entrance toSelat Lampa. 1.7 Karang Lampa, a shoal with a depth of 0.3m, lies about 2miles SE of Komang, near the middle of Selat Lampa.

1.8 Tanjung Belitung (353'N., 10801'E.), on the SWside of Pulau Natuna Besar, is the N entrance point to a baywhich opens to the E. Komang, 12 miles SSE, is the S entrancepoint of the bay. The N and S shores of the bay are fronted bydrying reefs which extend 2.3 miles offshore. 1.8 Kuala Binjei (Kuala Bindjet) lies at the head of the bay de-scribed above, and is formed by the confluence of the SungaiBindjei and the Sungai Penarik. The entrance to this estuary isencumbered by islets and shoals, through which a channel,marked by beacons, leads to an anchorage off Tanjung Be-litung, about 9 miles NE of Komang. The anchorage off Tan-jung Blitung and the approach channel are for vessels withlocal knowledge only.1.8 The islands which lie on the N side of the marked channelare, from W to E, Serungus, 149m high, and Pasir, a small isletwhich lies 1.3miles WNW of Tanjung Blitung.1.8 Pulau Semarong is a low islet located near the outer edge ofa coastal reef, on the S side of the channel, 4 miles NE ofKomang. The mouth of the bay and the approach are furtherencumbered by the following features:1.8 Pulau Burung (342'N., 10802'E.), a rock 27m high, whichstands near the center of a coral reef 2 miles WNW of Komang.

1.8 Batu Neneh (342'N., 10756'E.), a small reef, with a depthof less than 0.5m over which the sea breaks heavily, lies 6.5miles W of Pulau Burung. 1.8 Karang Serval (Serval Reef), a coral shoal with a depth of1.8m, lies 3 miles NNW of Pulau Burung. Several shoals, withdepths of 0.9 to 4.9m, lie within a distance of 2 miles ESE ofthis reef. A rock, with depths of less than 1.8m, lies 0.4 mile Eof the reef. A light is shown on the reef.

1.8 Kembang (345'N., 10804'E.), a narrow double peaked is-let 119m high, stands in the mouth of the bay, on the SW ex-tremity of an extensive, detached, drying reef. 1.8 Other reefs lie in the immediate vicinity of this island andmay best be seen on the chart. 1.8 Pulau Sedanau (348'N., 10801'E.), a prominent and hillyisland 224m high, is divided into two parts by Selat Pemutus, anarrow creek. The island is surrounded by an extensive reef ex-tending 1.3 miles from its W side. A drying reef lies 2.3 milesNW of Tanjung Tabi, the NW extremity of Pulau Sendanau.This island is located 5 miles NNW of Komang.

1.9 Genteng (348'N., 10802'E.)(World Port Index No.51545), the principal village of Kepulauan Natuna Besar, is situat-ed at the head of an inlet in a reef, on the E side of Pulau Sedanau.The settlement consists of a group of structures built on piles overthe reef and are connected to the village of Sedanau, lying W, by abridge. An Indonesian administrative officer resides at Ajer Buluh,on the S side of an inlet close to Sedanau.1.9 Genteng is approached from the S through a channel markedby beacons; local knowledge is necessary for the safe naviga-tion of this channel. 1.9 Tanjung Belitung (352'N., 10801'E.), a low point 4 miles Nof Pulau Sedanau, rises to Sapol, a hill 208m high, 3.3 miles E.

1.9 Tanjung Payung (400'N., 10758'E.), 7.8 miles NNW ofTanjung Belitung, is the W extremity of Pulau Natuna Besar.The promontory of Tanjung Pajung is rocky and fronted by adrying reef which extends up to 1.3 miles offshore. 1.9 Three hills stand E of Tanjung Payung. Pajung, the highest,192m high, is 0.5 mile E of the point. Derian, a ridge 179mhigh, and Sebung, 120m high stand, respectively, 2 miles ESEand 2 miles ENE of Pajung.1.9 Pulau Salor (354'N., 10755'E.) lies 6 miles W of TanjungBelitung. The island, densely wooded, rises steeply from the seato a prominent peak 489m high. A drying reef fringes the E sideof the island and extends 1.5 miles off the SE side.

1.9 Two coral shoals, each with a depth of 3.4m, lie 7 and 8miles WNW of Pulau Salor. A 4.6m shoal lies 2.8 miles NNWof this island. These shoals are not marked by water discolor-ation.1.9 Numerous islets, shoals, and sunken rocks exist E of PulauSalor to Tanjung Belitung and NNE of Pulau Salor to TanjungPayung, and can be seen on the chart.

1.10 Tokong Boro (404'N., 10726'E.) is a group of fourabove-water rocks, standing close together on a steep-to reefabout 0.5 mile in diameter. These rocks are known to the Indo-nesians as Pyramidaal Rotsen.1.10 The NW coast of Pulau Natuna Besar, from Tanjung Payung,20.5 miles NE to Tanjung Semut, is low and densely coveredwith vegetation; it is fringed by a drying reef which extends upto 1.3 miles offshore.1.10 Pulau Sabai, hilly and wooded, is located 0.5 mile WNW ofTanjung Payung. A small rocky islet lies close NW of the is-land. An isolated 3.0m patch lies 2.8 miles WSW of Pulau Sa-bai.

Pulau Salor


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1.10 Pulau Sedua (402'N., 10754'E.) lies 4 miles WNW ofTanjung Payung. The N part of the islet is 84m high, bold andrugged. Its S end is low and sandy with some coconut trees.1.10 Pulau Selimu, 112m high, lies about 0.5 mile E of PulauSedua. Both islets are fringed by drying reefs. A 3m patch lies1.5 miles S of Pulau Sedua. A coral shoal with a depth of 1.8m,unmarked by water discoloration, lies 4 miles W of PulauSedua.1.10 Pulau Buton, an islet about 0.5 mile long, lies about 5.5miles NE of Tanjung Payung. It is surrounded by a reef that ex-tends as far as 1 mile from its NE extremity. A narrow detachedreef lies about 0.5 mile NW of the islet. 1.10 Pulau Samarago (406'N., 10800'E.), a low islet nearly cir-cular in shape, lies about 2 miles NW of Pulau Buton. The isletis surrounded by a reef. A rock with a depth of less than 1.8mlies about 0.4 mile SW of Pulau Samarago and a small dryingreef lies 2.3 miles NE of the islet. When the reef is covered, itis marked by water discoloration.1.10 Pulau Bunga lies 1.5 miles offshore, surrounded by an exten-sive reef, 8 miles ENE of Pulau Samarago. An area of foulground, about 1.8 miles long, lies nearly 2 miles NE of the is-let, and two patches, with depths of 4m and 5.5m lie, respec-tively, about 0.8 mile NW and 2.3 miles N of the islet. Adetached drying reef lies 1 mile SW of Pulau Bunga and twopatches with depths of 4.9m and 3m lie, respectively, 1.5 milesand 2.3 miles SW of this reef.

1.10 Pulau Panjang (415'N., 10812'E.) is a narrow island about2.5 miles long. Its NE extremity, Tanjung Kapalapanjang,which is steep-to and rocky, rises to an elevation of 51m. Theisland is fringed by a drying reef which extends up to 0.6 mileon the E side.1.10 Selat Panjang is a narrow channel with depths from 11 to14.6m, lying between the reefs fringing Pulau Panjang and Pu-lau Natuna Besar. It is free of detached dangers, and the reefson either side can be distinguished by discolored water. Thereare several shoals with depths of less than 9m in the SW ap-proach to the channel, and a 3m patch lies 1 miles SW of Tan-jung Ju, the SW extremity of Pulau Panjang.1.10 Vessels approaching Selat Panjang from W steer for thewooded summit of Tanjung Datu, bearing 090, until TanjungJu bears 022, alter course to 040 and keep the S extremity ofPulau Panjang on the port bow, until close to the point, thensteer about 056 through the middle of the channel. 1.10 Vessels from the E steer for the S extremity of Pulau Pan-jang, bearing 245, until Tanjung Datu bears 128, then steer237, until the S extremity of Pulau Panjang bears 315, courseshould then be altered to 220 until the wooded summit of Tan-jung Datu bears 090. Keep this bearing astern, passing be-tween the shoals in the SW entrance.

Off-lying Islands and Dangers

1.11 Karang Bunta (421'N., 10757'E.), consisting oftwo coral reefs, separated by a deep, narrow channel, lies 16miles WNW of Pulau Panjang. The S reef has a least depth of1.8m and is marked by discolored water. The N reef dries inplaces.1.11 Semapi, a large reef which dries in places, lies on the NWside of Favorite Passage, with its NE extremity 9 miles WSW

of Pulau Panjang. A shoal with a least depth of 2m lies about3.5 miles NW of the NE extremity of Semapi and anotherpatch with a least depth of 5.7m, lies about 0.5 mile S of theSW extremity of the island.1.11 Pulau Seluan, a hilly, wooded island, 300m high, is located9.5 miles NW of Tanjung Pajung. From the NW, the SW ex-tremity appears as an islet. A coral reef with a least depth of3.3m, lies 2 miles W of Pulau Seluan. 1.11 Favorite Passage, with a least depth of 16.5m in the fairway,is the channel between Semapi and the dangers close off theNW coast of Pulau Natuna Besar. 1.11 The passage is obstructed by the drying reef, 2.3 miles NE ofPulau Samarago.

1.11 Pulau Midai (300'N., 10747'E.) is low near the coast andrises gradually towards the center. The summit, 179m high,consists of three peaks of almost equal heights; only two ofthese are visible from most directions. 1.11 The island is fringed by a narrow, drying reef. An islet standson the reef near the middle of its W side. Numerous detachedshoals lie within the 20m curve, extending up to 2.5 miles off-shore. Two rocks, with depths of 3m and 2.1m lie, respectively,0.5 and 0.7 mile SW of the W extremity. 1.11 A light is shown from an elevation of 158m about 1.5 miles NEof the SW extremity of, near its summit of Pulau Midai.1.11 At Sabang Barat, near the NW extremity, there is a break inthe reef where boats can land continuously. There is a flagstaffat the root of the stone pier. A wreck lies on the edge of the reefat the entrance. A light is shown about 0.5 mile NE of SabangBarat.1.11 At Seblat, near the middle of the S coast, there is an openingin the reef abreast the village, where there is a good landing forboats. Karang Jackson, with depths of from 4.9 to 11.9m, lie 3miles E of the SE extremity of Pulau Midai.1.11 A detached, coral shoal, with a depth of 5.8m, lies 1.5 milesNE of Karang Jackson. There is a clear channel between thesereefs and the dangers off the E coast of Pulau Midai.

1.12 Karang Diana (306'N., 10745'E.) consists of anumber of coral patches in two main groups; the S group, witha depth of 4.9m, lies 2.5 miles N of Pulau Midai. 1.12 There is a clear channel between the S group and the shoalsN of Pulau Midai. The N group lies 2 miles farther N. The shal-lowest patch with a depth of 3m, lies 6.5 miles NNW of theNW extremity of Pulau Midai. An isolated coral patch, with adepth of 3m, lies about 12.3 miles NE of Pulau Midai; it doesnot show by water discoloration. 1.12 Timau (North Haycock) (318'N., 10733'E.), a conicalshaped islet 65m high, lies 21 miles NW of Pulau Midai. 1.12 The islet is located on the NW side of a bank which hasdepths of 4.5 to 11m. A depth of 5.8m exists on the bank, 3miles SSW of Timau. The channel between Timau and KarangDiana is clear and deep.1.12 Karang Sedimin, located 18 miles ENE of Timau, consists oftwo rocks, standing close together, which are 16.4m high. Arock awash lies 0.2 mile SSW of the two rocks. These rocks lieon the W side of a bank, within the 18.3m line, on which thereare irregular depths. 1.12 Two 7m patches lie, respectively, 1.3 miles NW and SSE ofthe rocks and a 10m patch lies 2 miles E of them.


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Kepulauan Natuna Selatan

1.13 The S group of Kepulauan Natuna consists primarilyof two groups of islands and dangers separated from the NWcoast of Borneo by Api Passage; of these two groups, the Sgroup is mainly high and rocky while the N group is mainlylow and flat.1.13 Pulau Subi Besar (256'N., 10851'E.) is the largest islandin the Kepulauan Natuna Selatan group. It lies about 67 milesNW of Tanjung Datu, the NW extremity of Borneo. The islandis low and flat and about 10.5 miles in length in a N and S di-rection. The island is fringed by reefs, which extend up to 4miles offshore off its E side. 1.13 Pulau Subi-Kecil, 80m high at its N end, lies close N of Pu-lau Subi. A light, shown from a white metal framework tower,22m high, stands on the N summit of the island. Good anchor-age can be obtained N of the light. 1.13 There is a sandy beach and landing by boat is always practica-ble, despite a strong current that sets parallel to the beach.

Batu Priuk (301'N., 10852'E.), the principal village of theSubi group, is situated on the S side of Pulau Subi-Kecil. Anatural basin in the coastal reef, approached from the E, affordsgood anchorage for small craft with local knowledge. There isalso good anchorage off the entrance to this passage. Batu Ria,which is white in color and conspicuous, stands on the edge ofthe reef, 2 miles ENE of Pulau Subi-Kecil Light. A spit, with adepth of 8.2m at its outer end, extends 1.3 miles NE of BatuRia.1.13 Serdang Reef, with a depth of 6.4m, and Karang Laut, withdrying rocks, lie, respectively, 9.5 miles ESE and 11.5 milesSE of Pulau Subi-Kecil Light.1.13 Pulau Tembelai, an islet lying on a drying reef, is located 2miles SE of the SE extremity of Pulau Subi; the channel be-tween them is foul. Several shoals with depths of 1.8 to 11mextend about 5.5 miles SW of Pulau Tembelai.

1.14 Pulau Bakau (254'N., 10844'E.), located about 3miles W of the W extremity of Pulau Subi Besar, is fringed by areef. A rock, awash, lies about 0.5 mile NW of its N extremityand a spit with a depth of 3.6m extends 0.5 mile N of its N ex-tremity.1.14 A dangerous wreck was reported (2005) to lie approximately4.8 miles NE of Pulau Bakau 1.14 Pulau Tudang, fringed by a reef, stands 1.3 miles ENE of Pu-lau Bakau. Pulau Dengayah, low and covered with palm trees,lies on the coastal reef, 3.3 miles NE of Pulau Tudang. A 4.5mshoal patch lies 1.3 miles W of Pulau Dengayah.1.14 Other shoal patches lie between a line extended from PulauBakau to Pulau Dengayah and the reef fringing Pulau Subi Be-sar. This area is foul and unsafe for navigation. A shoal patch,whose position is doubtful, is reported to lie 8 miles W of Pu-lau Bakau. 1.14 Pulau Panjang (245'N., 10855'E.), lying 7 miles SE ofPulau Subi Besar, is a low island completely surrounded by adrying reef which extends 2.3 miles from its SW end. PulauKerdau stands near the SW end of the reef, 1.5 miles SSW ofPulau Panjang. 1.14 Two patches with depths of 2.7m and 3m lie, respectively,1.3 and 3.3 miles, WSW of Pulau Kerdau. A depth of 12.8mlies 2.8 miles SSW of the island.

1.14 Pulau Sebiang and Pulau Japu are two low islands, coveredwith coconut trees, located on a drying coral reef, 3.3 miles Nand 3 miles NW of Pulau Kerdau.1.14 Pulau Seraya (241'N., 10834'E.), the southwestern most ofthe Subi Group, lies 16 miles SW of Pulau Subi Besar. It is a hillyisland, 3 miles long, with two peaks near its center; the S hill,253m high, is higher.1.14 The E side is low, sandy, and fringed by reefs. The W side risessteeply from the sea; its N part is fringed by a reef, and foulground extends 0.4 mile offshore. A 3.7m patch lies 0.5 mile NEof its N extremity.1.14 Karang Dua 19m high, lies 1.5 miles NE of Pulau Seraya; itis surrounded by a reef and should not be approached within0.5 mile. An 11.8m patch lies 2 miles SE of this rock.1.14 Jaring Reef, with a least depth of 3.6m, coral, lies about 3.5miles N of Karang Dua. A 9.1m patch lies 3.3 miles NNE ofthe reef.1.14 Swanley Reef lies 4.3 miles E of Karang Dua. Pumubabung, areef, awash, about 2 miles in diameter, lies about 4 miles E ofSwanley Reef.

1.15 Jabak (247'N., 10844'E.), a reef, awash, lies about3.5 miles N of the W end of Pumubabung. A coral shoal, with aleast depth of 3.6m, lies about 2 miles W of Jabak and depthsof less than 8.6m extend 0.8 mile W from this shoal.1.15 A rock with less than 2m lies 1.5 miles NW of Jabak. A 8.5mpatch lies 1 mile ENE of the rock. Another shoal, with a depthof 2.7m, lies 2.5 miles E of Jabak.1.15 Karang Latu, consisting of a black boulder on a dry sandbank, surrounded by a drying reef, lies 4.8 miles ESE of Jabak.A 5.4m patch lies 0.5 mile SSW of Karang Latu.1.15 Pulau Mambat, low and covered with coconut trees, lies 3.3miles NE of Pulau Sebiang; the islet lies on a narrow reef, partsof which dry, which extends 1.3 miles NE and SW of the islet.A 9.1m patch lies 2 miles ENE of Pulau Mambat.1.15 Pulau Serasan (231'N., 10903'E.) is one of the most im-portant islands in the S group of Kepulauan Natuna. The islandis mountainous, rising near its SW end to a height of 441m.Koti (Kota), a hill 232m high, near the NW extremity of the is-land is nearly vertical on its W side, with prominent bare, redpatches. The E and S coasts of the island are fringed by dryingreefs, which extend up to 0.8 mile offshore in the bight near themiddle of its S side.

1.15 Batuberian Besar (230'N., 10857'E.) is the W island onan extensive reef, lying W of Pulau Serasan, on which are sev-eral other islands. This reef is separated from Pulau Serasan byPelabuhan Serasan (Royalist Haven).1.15 Batuberian Ketjil lies close NE of Batuberian Besar. Two de-tached portions of the reef, which dry, lie between 0.5 and 1.3miles S of Batuberian Besar. Pulau Karanghaji (Pulau Haji), theS island, lies on a detached reef 2 miles SE of Batuberian Besar;a 5.8m patch lies about 0.5 mile E of Pulau Karanghaji.1.15 Besar, an island 110m high, lies 2 miles NNE of Pulau Ka-ranghaji. Besar, and four islets, lie on the NE side of the reef Eof Batuberian Besar.1.15 A bank, with a depth of 14m, lies 2.3 miles SW of Pulau Ka-ranghaji. Patches and shoals, with depths from 1.7 to 10m, lieabout 1 mile from the N coast of Batuberian Besar, in an arcfrom WSW through N to NE.


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1.15 A shoal, with a depth of 3.7m, lies 0.5 mile WSW of the NWextremity of Batuberian Besar.

1.16 Pelabuhan Serasan (Royalist Haven) (230'N.,10901'E.) is the whole of the narrow passage between PulauSerasan and the extensive reef SW; it affords good shelter in allseasons. 1.16 The haven is entered from the S, between beacons markingBatu Patjil and Batu Hol, two shoals lying SW of TanjungIbul (229'N., 10901'E.), the SW extremity of Pulau Serasan.1.16 Batu Patjil, a detached coral shoal with a depth of 2.4m, lies0.5 mile SW of Tanjung Ibul. The shoal is marked on its E sideby a lighted beacon.1.16 Batu Hol, a coral shoal awash at its W end lies about 0.3 mileSW of Tanjung Ibul. A beacon standing on the W side of theshoal, marks the E side of the fairway. Most of the shoals in theS part of the channel of Pelabuhan Serasan are marked by bea-cons.1.16 Tanjung Jerpit, 1.3 miles NW of Tanjung Ibul, from close Sof which a light is shown, forms the S entrance point of a baycluttered by reefs which lie on the NE side of the haven extend-ing as far as Tanjung Tebur (231'N., 10859'E.).1.16 Pulau Kepala, a low rock, is located 7.3 miles NNE of theNE extremity of Pulau Serasan, and Pulau Perhantuan lies 2.5miles S of the SE extremity of Pulau Serasan. A chain of is-lands, which may be seen on the chart, lie between PulauKepala and Pulau Perhantuan. From N to S they are PulauSedua; Rikel; Banya; Pulau Sempadi, a 2m patch lying 1 mileW; Pulau Peanyamuk, a shoal with a depth of 8m lying 2.5miles WNW; and Pulau Genting.1.16 A 500m jetty projects NW from the village of Palempak, 1.3miles NE of Tanjung Jerpit, which can be reached by boatthrough a narrow channel marked by beacons.1.16 Anchorage, in a depth of 10m, can be obtained during theSouthwest Monsoon (May to September), 1.3 miles NW of Ba-tuberian Ketjil with the SW side of this island in line with thesummit of Perayun Besar, bearing 129. Care must be taken toavoid the shoals N of Batuberian Besar. 1.16 Anchorage within Pelabuhan Serasan, in depths of 14 to 18m,can be obtained 0.3 mile SW of Tanjung Seranding, a point 1 mileNW of Tanjung Ibul, or further N according to the monsoon.

1.16 Directions.Pelabuhan Serasan should be approached bykeeping Tanjung Seganding in range with Kota Hill, bearing336, which leads through the shoals in the entrance.1.16 When Tanjung Ibul bears 083 and in range with the SE ex-tremity of Pulau Serasan, alter course to bring the outer de-tached rock, a little over 0.3 mile S of Tanjung Tebur, just openE of the NE extremity of Besar, bearing 318.5, which leadsbetween the beacons marking the shoals S of Tanjung Segand-ing, to the anchorage.1.16 When proceeding to a berth further N, steer between thereefs W of Tanjung Jerpit until the E side of the islets of Besarcomes in range with the E side of Perayun Besar, on bearing206, and anchor as convenient.1.16 When approaching from the SW, care must be taken not tomistake one of the beacons marking the shoals in the S part ofthe haven with the beacon marking Batu Patjil.1.16 The harbor is approached by boat through a narrow channelmarked by beacons.

1.16 Alur Pelayaran Kota is the passage between the SerasanGroup and Pulau Pandang, of the Subi Group, 11 miles NNW.1.16 Caution.Pelabuhan Serasan should not be entered fromthe W between Tanjung Tebur and Batuberian Ketjil. The pas-sage is unmarked and there are many shallow patches in the en-trance and several awash and below-water rocks. The innerharbor has a 500m jetty projecting NW from the village ofPalempak, 1.3 miles NE of Tanjong Jerpit.

1.17 Haynes Shoal (234'N., 10851'E.), coral and shell,with a depth of 5.8m, lies in the fairway 8 miles W of Tanjung(Kota) Koti. With the exception of this reef, Alur PelayaranKota is deep and free of detached dangers.1.17 Alur Pelayaran Serasan (Serasan Passage), which is free ofdangers, lies between Pulau Serasan and its adjacent islands tothe N, and Pulau Malu (South Haycock) and Karang KarangMalu on the S side. The channel is about 7 miles wide.1.17 Pulau Perhantuan is located in the E entrance to Alur Pela-yaran Serasan, 2.5 miles S of the SE extremity of PulauSerasan.1.17 Karang Karang Malu, composed of coral, lie with their SWshoal, with a depth of 2.7m, 4.5 miles SE of Pulau Malu. TheNE shoal, with a depth of 5m, lies 11 miles ENE of the SWshoal; between them are several detached shoals, three ofwhich have sandy cays, which dry 2.1m. 1.17 Pulau Malu (South Haycock) (217'N., 10854'E.) a smallisland 143m high, lies 11.5 miles SSW of Batuberian (Tebian)Besar. It is fringed by a narrow reef, and an above-water rocklies close SW of the island.1.17 Sembuni Reefs consist of several rocky heads, with depths ofless than 5.5m. The westernmost, which dries, lies about 12miles ESE of Pulau Malu (South Haycock). 1.17 From this position, the reefs extend ENE for 8 miles, with a3.6m patch near the E end. The reefs lie nearly parallel withKarang Karang Malu, to the N, from which it is separated by achannel that is clear. 1.17 Pulau Merundung (204'N., 10906'E.) lies 10 miles S ofthe W extremity of Sembuni Reefs and 16 miles WNW of Tan-jung Api. It is a swampy island covered mostly with man-groves, with the exception of two hills covered with trees. Thetree tops have an elevation of 36m. A light is displayed on a30m-high white metal framework tower standing on the centerof the W side of the island. 1.17 A drying reef lies 0.5 mile off the W side of the island, with a1.8m patch close NW of the reef. A 5m patch lies 1.3 milesNNE of the N extremity of Pulau Merundung.1.17 Banks, with less than 20m, extend 18 miles NE of PulauMerundung. A coral patch, with a depth of 7.8m, lies on one ofthese banks, 10 miles NE of the island. 1.17 Muri (Pulau Murih) (154'N., 10839'E.), lying 29 milesWSW of Pulau Merundung, consists of two densely wooded is-lets joined by a drying reef; a narrow reef fringes both islands.The W islet, the largest, is 102m high; the E islet is 84m high.A light, shown from a white metal tower, 20m high, is situatedon the W islet.1.17 Anchorage can be taken N of the reef joining the two islets,in a depth of 29m, or close S of the W islet, according to theprevailing wind. There is a refuge hut near each anchoragewhich can be reached by a narrow channel through the reefs,which is marked by beacons.


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1.17 Muri Kecil, 2.4m high and steep-to, lies about 2 miles S ofMuri; there is a deep channel between them. Muri Kecil is theSW extent of the Kepulauan Natuna Selatan group.1.17 Caution.Muri and Muri Kecil have been reported to lie0.7 mile SW of their charted positions. 1.17 Mariners are advised to keep clear of the dangerous wrecksthat has been reported on the following positions:

a. 144'N, 10800'E - approximate positionb. 143.60'N, 10816'.78Ec. 145'.80N, 10819'E - 26m wreck 20.8 miles WSW of

Muri Kecild. 148.59'N, 10828.91'E - 30m wreck 10.5 miles

WSW of Muri Kecil.

Kepulauan Pengibu

1.18 Kayu Ara (Kaju Ara) (132'N., 10627'E.), a whitecolored barren rock 23m high, is the southeastern most of thesmall group forming Kepulauan Pengibu and lies about 110miles E of the entrance to Singapore Strait. An above-waterrock lies several meters off its S side. Pengibu, 96m high, is asmall densely wooded island lying 8 miles WNW of Kayu Ara.A stranded wreck lies on the N shore of the island.1.18 Beting Tamar (Hughes Shoal), 0.4 mile in length, with aleast depth of 5.8m, lies about 0.5 mile SW of Pengibu, fromwhich it is separated by a deep channel. The sea never breaksover this shoal. 1.18 A shoal with a depth of 12.8m, was reported to lie 1.8 milesSE of Pengibu.1.18 Kayu Ara and Pengibu form good landmarks and radar tar-gets for vessels proceeding between Singapore Strait and theNW coast of Borneo. Acasta Rock lies 4 miles N of Pengibu; itis almost awash. In calm weather it can only be distinguishedby the discoloration of the water, but it breaks in the slightestswell. A submerged wreck, with a depth over it of 28m, lies inthe vicinity of the rock.1.18 Pulau Mendarik (119'N., 10702'E.), 111m high, is locatedabout 38 miles ESE of Kayu Ara (Kaju Ara). It consists of twohills connected by a low ridge and has sandy beaches on its Eand W sides. Its N and S sides are rocky and rise steeply fromthe sea. A narrow reef fringes the E side of the island.1.18 A rock, with a depth of less than 1.8m, was reported to lie 3miles SE of Pulau Mendarik.

Kepulauan Tambelan

1.19 Kepulauan Tambelan is located between the parallelsof 040'N and 115'N and the meridians of 10712'E and10758'E. The island group is outside the usual track of ship-ping. The E island of the group lies 60 miles WNW of Tan-jung Batubelat (049'N., 10851'E.), the W extremity ofBorneo.1.19 A fairly clear channel divides the principal islands of thisgroup into two smaller groups with good anchorage throughoutthe channel.

Kepulauan TambelanNortheast Group

1.20 Pulau Tambelan (100'N., 10734'E.) is the SE is-land of the NE group, and the largest and most important of

Kepulauan Tambelan. Three prominent peaks stand on the Nside of the island. Bini, with an elevation of 396m, is the high-est and W peak. Kotit, a remarkable sloping peak 291m high,stands 1 mile E of Bini and Puter Jala, 290m high, and coneshaped, is 1.5 miles ESE of Kotit.1.20 Tanjung Antju is the NW extremity of Pulau Tambelan. Be-tween Tanjung Antju and Tanjung Kemantau, the E extremity ofthe island, the coast is generally clear and free of reefs.1.20 Pilang-kecil is an islet lying a few meters off the coast about2.3 miles ESE of Tanjung Antju, and Pilang-besar, a somewhatlarger islet, lies about 0.5 mile off the coast NE Pilang-kecil. Anabove-water rock lies close N of Pilang-besar. A shoal with aleast depth of 5.7m lies about 0.5 mile NNW of Tanjung Antju.1.20 From Tanjung Kemantan to Tanjung Mardi Angin, there areseveral bays, all encumbered with reefs. A reef extends 0.5mile S of Tanjung Kemantan. Batu Rakit, a rock awash, with a7.3m patch close E of it, lies near the outer edge of this reef.

1.20 Tanjung Bertumpa (057'N., 10733'E.), 0.5 mile WNW ofTanjung Mandi Angin is the S entrance point of Teluk Tambe-lan. From Tanjung Bertumpa to Tanjung Antju, 4.8 miles N,the coast is fronted by a reef except in the entrance to the bay.NW of the entrance to Teluk Tambelan, the coastal reef extendsabout 0.6 mile offshore. The islets of Pulau Kera and Pulau Be-tunde lie on the reef about 2.3 miles and 2.8 miles NNW, re-spectively, from Tanjung Bertumpa.

1.20 Teluk Tambelan (059'N., 10733'E.) is entered betweenTanjung Bertumpa and Tanjung Ayam, 1.3 miles N. The baynearly divides Pulau Tambelan into two parts. 1.20 The entrance to the bay is comparatively free from dangers,but farther in it is encumbered with reefs. Some of the reefs aremarked by beacons. 1.20 Tanjung Sadap is located 1.3 miles NNE of Tanjung Ber-tumpa. The coast between the two points is fringed by a reef,with some above-water rocks on it. The NW side of the reef ismarked by three beacons, white with truncated cones.1.20 Anchorage can be obtained in the entrance to Teluk Tambe-lan during the Northeast Monsoon, but this anchorage is unsafeduring the Southwest Monsoon, when better anchorage, withlocal knowledge, can be obtained NW of Tanjung Sadap, in adepth of 16m. 1.20 Caution.A pinnacle rock, with a least depth of 3.6m, liesin the fairway 0.3 mile SSE of Tanjung Ayam.

1.21 Batu Lepu, a village situated near the head of the bay,2 miles NE of Tanjung Sadap, can be reached by boats througha channel marked by beacons. 1.21 A pier, 160m long, with depths of 0.5m alongside stands onthe NW shore, 0.4 mile SW of Batu Lepu.1.21 Pulau Bungin (102'N., 10731'E.), 87m high, lies 1.3 milesW of Tanjung Antju. 1.21 A reef with a least depth of 3.6m lies about 0.5 mile NE ofthe island, and two rocky patches with least depths of 7.3m lie,respectively, 0.2 and 0.5 mile SW.1.21 Pulau Sedua-besar, 270m high, Pulau Sedua-kecil, 198mhigh, Pulau Sendulang-kecil, 91m high, Pulau Sendulang-be-sar, 241m high, and Pulau Uwi, 333m high, lie, respectively,1.5, 2.5, 6.5, 6.8, and 8 miles WNW of Tanjung Antju, the NWextremity of Pulau Tambelan.


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1.21 Each of these islands are steep-to with a fringe of shoal waterand are clear of dangers except Pulau Sedua-besar, which has ashoal patch with a depth of 4.2m close off its N extremity. 1.21 Pulau Uwi has a reef which extends 0.4 mile off its E side.Pulau Rakit lies near the SE end of this reef and another isletlies near its NE end.1.21 The narrow channels between the islands of the NE groupdescribed above are mostly free from dangers, except those be-tween Pulau Sedua-besar and Pulau Sedua-kecil, and betweenPulau Sendulang-besar and Pulau Sendulang-kecil, neither ofwhich should be used without local knowledge.

Off-lying Dangers

1.22 Karang Laut (Karang Robinhood) (111'N.,10726'E.), a shoal with a least depth of 7m, lies about 4.5miles NNE of Pulau Uwi. The sea does not break over thisshoal. A coral reef, with a depth of 1m, lies 2.5 miles W of Ka-rang Laut.1.22 Tokong Belayer, an islet, lies 9 miles ENE of Karang Laut. Itconsists of two prominent boulders lying on a flat rock; thehighest boulder is 37m high. Foul ground extends 0.2 mile S ofTokong Belayer, and depths of less than 10m extends 0.1 milefarther S. 1.22 Alida Shoal (059'N., 10752'E.), with a least depth of 3m,stones and steep-to, lies 16 miles E of Pulau Tambelan.

Kepulauan TambelanSouthwest Group

1.23 Pulau Benua (057'N., 10727'E.) is the largest andhighest of the SW group, located 3.8 miles WSW of PulauTambelan. The island, fringed by a reef that extends 0.5 milefrom its SE side, is nearly 4 miles long and about 2.8 mileswide at its widest point. There is a peak 287m high on the NEside of the island.1.23 Karang Tengah, with a depth of 4.9m, lies 1 mile ESE of Pu-lua Benua. Pulau Leso lies 0.3 mile W of Pulau Benua and isfringed by a reef. An above-water rock lies on the S end of aspit, which has depths of less than 10m, extending SSW fromPulau Leso. 1.23 A bank with a least depth of 4.9m near its outer end extends0.7 mile from the NE side of the island. Pulau Nangka is locat-ed 1 mile NW of Pulau Leso. Pulau Ibul, 162m high, lies 0.8mile NE of Pulau Nangka; it is fringed by a drying reef on its Nside extending 0.4 mile offshore.1.23 Pulau Nibung, fringed by a drying reef, lies 0.2 mile off theSW side of Pulau Ibul. Pulau Peling, fringed by a reef, lies 0.8mile NE of Pulau Ibul. Pulau Tamban, 86m high, lies 0.5 mileN of Pulau Ibul. A 4m patch lies 0.2 mile S of Pulau Tamban.1.23 Pulau Panyang (100'N., 10723'E.) is located 0.5 mile NWof Pulau Ibul. The island is fringed by a reef and has depths ofless than 10m, 0.2 mile NE of the N end of the island. PulauLintang lies NW of Pulau Panyang and is separated from thatisland by a channel 0.1 mile wide. Two islets lie on the reefclose SW of Pulau Lintang.1.23 Pulau Mundaga, 212m high, stands 0.5 mile NW of PulauLintang and Pulau Genting, 86m high, lies 0.7 mile NE of Pu-lau Mundaga. Two shoals, with depths of 2.7 and 7.3m, lie nearthe N end of the channel between Pulau Ibul and Pulau Benuawith other shoals possibly lying in the channel. Local knowl-

edge is necessary for the safe navigation of the navigable chan-nels between the islands.

1.24 Pulau Selintang (057'N., 10729'E.), 208m high,lies close E of Pulau Benua. The island is fringed by a narrowreef and has a detached reef, awash, lying near the N end of thechannel between these islands. Two rocks, with depths of 0.9mand 3.4m, lie 0.2 mile NW and 0.1 mile NE, respectively, offthe N end of the island. A 3.6m shoal lies 0.3 mile NE of thesame point. Pulau Jela, 81m high, stands 0.2 mile NE of PulauSelintang.1.24 The channel between these islands is deep and free of dan-gers, with the exception of the dangers that lie NE of Pulau Se-lintang, described above. Burung, an above-water rock, lies onthe reef that fringes Pula Jela, 0.2 mile N of its E extremity.1.24 Pulau Bedua (057'N., 10730'E.), 123m high, is located 1.3miles E of Pulau Benua. It is fringed by a reef with depths ofless than 5m, which extends 0.5 mile S and embraces PulauUntuk. Pulau Lipi, which is fringed by a reef, lies about 0.1mile S of Pulau Untuk, from which it is separated by a deepchannel.1.24 Pulau Batong, an islet 54m high, lies 0.5 mile E of PulauBedua and about 1.5 miles W of the SW extremity of PulauTambelan. There is a safe channel on either side of Pulau Ba-tong; however, depths of less than 4.9m extend 0.1 mile N ofthe island.1.24 Kapala Tambelan (054'N., 10728'E.) is an islet lying 1.3miles SSE of Pulau Benua. Karang Sobatan, a coral shoal witha depth of 4.9m, lies 2.5 miles SE of Kapala Tambelan. It issteep-to on its N, W, and S sides. Depths of 7 to 18m extend0.6 mile SE of the shoal.1.24 Mengirang-kecil, a hilly islet, lies 3.3 miles SE of KapalaTambelan. A reef fringes the islet and extends 0.3 mile off its Nextremity. 1.24 Mengirang-besar is a prominent island, 181m high, near itscenter, that lies 1.3 miles E of Mengirang-kecil from which it isseparated by a deep, clear channel. The island is fringed by anarrow reef.1.24 Tokong Mengirang (051'N., 10737'E.), a conspicuouswhite rock about 24m high, is located 5 miles ESE of Mengi-rang-besar. Foul ground extends 0.2 mile SW and W from thisrock. Two pinnacle-shaped rocks, each 3.6m high, lie near theSW edge of the foul ground.1.24 A depth of 13.7m was reported to lie 8.5 miles ESE ofTokong Mengirang. A wreck, least depth 14m, lies 4 milesNNE of Tokong Mengirang.

Kepulauan Anambas

1.25 The islands lie in the S part of the China Sea, approxi-mately 130 miles NE of the E entrance of Singapore Strait. TheSE island of the group lies about 193 miles NW of the W pointof Borneo. Vessels bound from Singapore to Hong Kong usual-ly pass W of this group. All islands in the Anambas group areextremely hilly; most of them are densely wooded. The abun-dance of coconut plantations is a noticeable feature of these is-lands. 1.25 The Kepulauan Anambas are divided into two groups. PulauJemaja, 466m high, is the largest of the SW group and PulauSiantan, 565m high, is the largest island of the NE group. In


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general, all of the Kepulauan Anambas N and E of Pulau Sian-tan are included in the NE group and all others comprise theSW group.1.25 The wider passages between the various islands in this groupare generally free of dangers, but the narrower channels shouldbe avoided, since most of these have not been completely sur-veyed. Masses of grass, small trees, and other debris from therivers are sometimes encountered in the vicinity of KepulauanAnambas. Some of these floating islands attain considerablesize.

Kepulauan AnambasSouthwest Group

1.26 Pulau Jemaja (256'N., 10546'E.) is the largest of theislands in the SW group. The island is about 15 miles long in a Nand S direction and about 10 miles wide at its widest part. It isdensely wooded and mountainous. Gunung Tujuh, its highestmountain, attains an elevation of 466m and is conspicuous fromany direction. Gunung Tujuh and Gunung Adong are conspicu-ous peaks located in the N part of the island. The former, 451mhigh, rises to a sharp peak, and the latter, 433m high, has arounded appearance when viewed from the E or W, but appearsas a sharp peak when viewed from the N. 1.26 The various mountains in the central and S parts of the is-land, many of them over 305m high, are more uniform in theoutline and not as conspicuous as those described above. Thecoastline of the island is very irregular and is indented by nu-merous bays and inlets. 1.26 The N end of the island consists of two peninsulas projecting ina NW and NE direction. The NW peninsula is high, and has a reefextending 0.5 mile NW from it. The NE peninsula terminates inTanjung Mingga (303'N., 10544'E.), a prominent cape, 107mhigh. When seen at a distance, this cape appears as an island.There is good anchorage in the bay between these two peninsulas,in a position 1 mile W of Tanjung Mingga, in 29m, sand, awayfrom the strength of the tidal currents.1.26 The E extremity of Pulau Jemaja consists of a peninsula 2 mileswide that terminates in two points; Tanjung Pinanang and TanjungJebung, 2 miles S. Teluk Mampo indents the NE coast, betweenTanjung Pinanang and Tanjung Mingga, 7.5 miles WNW.

1.26 The entrance to the bay lies between Tanjung Mingga andPulau Ayam, an islet located 2.5 miles WNW of TanjungPinanang. The shore at the head of the bay consists of a whitesandy beach. Foul ground, with depths of less than 11m, ex-tends from this shore a distance of about 1 mile.1.26 A detached 5.4m patch lies outside the foul ground, about 3miles WSW of Pulau Ayam. Pulau Gumbong, 97m high, is lo-cated in the N part of the bay, 1 mile SE of Tanjung Mingga.An islet, 70m, high is located between Pulau Gumbong and theshore. The general depths in the outer part of the bay are 24 to28m, decreasing gradually toward the shore. 1.26 Anchorage is available near the center of the bay, exposed tothe Northeast Monsoon, in a depth of 20m, sand and gravelbottom, 2.5 miles W of Pulau Ayam. Pulau Pinanang, an islet82m high, is located 1.3 miles ENE from Pulau Ayam.

1.27 Teluk Jebung (257'N., 10550'E.), lying SW of Tan-jung Jebung, is fringed by a reef that extends as much as 0.5mile offshore. The bay affords good temporary anchorage in its

center, in a position about 1.5 miles SW of Tanjung Jebung, indepths of 16 to 18m, sand bottom.1.27 Tanjung Linang, a point located 4.5 miles SSW of TanjungJebung, is the S entrance point of Teluk Kuala. 1.27 The village of Kuala is situated on the N side of Teluk Kualaabout 1.5 miles from the entrance. Good anchorage is availablein the entrance to this inlet in a position 0.5 mile N of TanjungLinang, in about 24m, sand. Small vessels with local knowl-edge can anchor farther in.1.27 Teluk Tiru is a large bay, encumbered by reefs, that lies be-tween Tanjung Linang and Pulau Dayong, an islet 35m high, islocated 4 miles SW. Shoal patches of 3.6m lie 0.8 mile N and1.3 miles S, respectively, of Pulau Dayong. Pulau Punisan, anisland 122m high, is located in the N part of the bay, 1.8 milesSW of Tanjung Linang.1.27 Anchorage is available in the entrance to Teluk Tiru, 1 mileNNE of Pulau Dayong, in a depth of 25m, sand and mud. Thebay should not be navigated because it has not been accuratelysurveyed. Westacott Bank, with a least depth of 12.8m, sand,lies about 4.3 miles SE of Tanjung Jebung.

1.28 Tanjung Lelan (249'N., 10544'E.), 3 miles SW ofPulau Dayong, is the S extremity of the island; the hills slopegradually down to this point. A flat-topped rock, 6.1m high,lies close SE of the point and a 3.6m rock lies 2 miles NE. Thepoint is marked by a light.1.28 Tanjung Dayang, is located 3 miles NW of Tanjung Lelan.Gosong Margesson (Margesson Shoal), usually marked by tiderips, lies 5 miles W of Tanjung Dayang. The shoal is composedof sand and coral; the N has a depth of 12.8m, and the S, adepth of 9.1m.1.28 Pulau Daru, a wooded island 194m high, lies close offshore3.5 miles N of Tanjung Dayang. Pulau Katukan, 33m high, liesclose W of Pulau Daru.

1.28 Pulau Sibrong (258'N., 10542'E.), 177m high, lies closeoffshore 2.5 miles N of Pulau Daru. Pulau Tulai, 81m high, liesabout 0.5 mile off the NW end of Pulau Sibrong. CourierPatch, with a least depth of 11m, lies about 1.5 miles WNW ofPulau Tulai. 1.28 Tanjung Julan is a high point of land that projects from PulauJemaja in a WNW direction for about 1 mile. Its extremity islocated about 1.3 miles NNW of Pulau Tulai. Pulau Ipan, an is-let 24m high, lies about 1.3 mile WNW of Tanjung Julan. Asmaller islet lies close S of Ipan.1.28 There is a roadstead lying between Tanjung Julan on the Nand Pulau Sibrong and Pulau Tulai on the S. This roadstead in-dents the W coast of the island for a distance of about 1 mile. Areef extends SE, from the N shore of the roadstead for a dis-tance of about 0.8 mile and embraces the islet of Berala, whichis located 0.5 mile E of Pulau Tulai.

1.29 Letong (259'N., 10542'E.) is a village situated onthe NE shore of the road-stead about 0.5 mile E of Berala. Apassage leads to the pier at Letong, which can accommodateboats even at low water.1.29 Anchorage is available between Berala and Pulau Tulai, indepths of 16 to 20m. Care should be taken to avoid the de-tached reef, with a depth of 2.7m, which lies about 0.3 mile SEof Berala.


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Kepulauan Badas

1.30 Kepulauan Badas are located between the parallels of030'N and 039'N, and the meridians of 10658'E and10712'E. The islands, which are outside the usual track ofshipping, lie 35 miles SW of Kepulauan Tambelan.1.30 Pulau Anakawur (033'N., 10659'E.) the SW island of thegroup, is 94m high and rugged, except on its SW side which issandy. It is fringed by a narrow reef on its E side.1.30 Caution.A dangerous rock is reported to lie about 52miles ESE of Pulau Anakawur.1.30 Pulau Pejamu, 42m high, is located 10.5 miles ESE of PulauAnakawur. It is densely wooded and has a sandy beach on its Eside. White Rock lies near the extremity of a reef extending 0.3mile NNE of Pulau Pejamu. A detached bank, with a depth of14m, lies 2 miles ESE of Pulau Pejamu.1.30 Pinangseribu, 122m high, lies 2.5 miles N of PulauAnakawur. It appears as two islands when viewed from a dis-tance SSE or NNW, due to the depression between the two hillsstanding on its E and W sides. 1.30 Tokong Kangen, 39m high, lies on a reef 0.5 mile N ofPinangseribu and Pinang Seratus. A high rock lies 0.3 mile Eof the same island. Pinang Seratus is located on a reef withdepths of 0.3m, which extends 0.4 mile N. Tokon Buton, an is-let 25m high, lies 0.3 mile S of Pinangseribu, from which it isseparated by a deep channel.

1.31 Pulau Kepahiang (038'N., 10701'E.), 252m high,is the largest and N island of the group. The N and E sides ofthe island are fringed by a drying reef. There is a small bay onthe NE side of the island where small craft with local knowl-edge can obtain sheltered anchorage off a settlement.1.31 Pulau Segun, 44m high, is located about 0.5 mile SE of Pu-lau Kepahiang. There are several above-water rocks within 0.1mile of Pulau Segun. A reef, with a depth of 1.8m, lies 1.3miles ENE of Pulau Segun. Depths of less than 6.4m extend upto 0.3 mile N of the island. Pulau Penau, 3 miles ESE of PulauSegun, has two hills joined by a narrow neck of low ground;the E hill is 189m high and the W is 101m high. A reef withdepths of less than 4m extends up to 0.3 mile off the N coast ofthe island. Pulau Batu, 96m high, a small islet, thickly coveredwith vegetation, stands 1.3 miles SE of Pelau Penau. 1.31 Pulau Tebon, 2 miles ESE of Pulau Penau, is the most im-portant and most populated island of the group. It has two hillsjoined by low land. The E hill is 179m high.1.31 A small bay fronted by a barrier reef is located on the N side ofthe island, but is accessible only to local craft. A detached 10mcoral patch lies 0.4 mile NW of the N extremity of Pulau Tebon.1.31 A prominent white rock, 21m high, lies 0.4 mile E of PulauTebon. A shoal patch of 11.8m extends 0.5 mile E of this rock.Pulau-pulau Brace consists of three islets.1.31 Pinangkuning (035'N., 10710'E.), the NW islet, 118m high,lies 2 miles E of Pulau Tebon; Its S end terminates in a low san-dy point with a conspicuous rock on its end. Rocks awash andbelow-water extend 0.2 mile N of Pinangkuning. Pulau Tanjaru,an islet 114m high, is located about 0.8 miles SE of Pinangkun-ing. A reef extends about 0.2 mile from its N side. An above wa-ter rock and a rock awash lie on the reef. Pulau Mengegah, 99mhigh, is a steep-to islet located about 0.2 mile E of Pulau Tanjura;a deep water channel separates the two.

Off-lying Islands and Dangers

1.32 Ebeling Shoal (028'N., 10725'E.), an unmarkedsteep-to coral patch, with a least depth of 3m, about 0.1 mile indiameter, lies 17 miles ESE of Pulau Pejamu. Pulau Pejantan,23 miles SSE of Pulau Pejamu, is a hilly island, mostly coveredwith jungle. The island reaches a height of 228m near its NEextremity. There are rocks and islets in the shoal water in theimmediate vicinity of the island. A 14m spot, existence doubt-ful, lies 18 miles E of Pulau Pejantan.1.32 Pulau Pengiki-besar (015'N., 10803'E.) is the southeast-ern most island of Kepulauan Tujah. It consists of a conicalhill, 198m high, with a small hillock, 76m high, 0.2 mile W ofit. A light is shown from the islet. 1.32 Pulau Pengiki-kecil, 75m high, is a rugged, precipitous isletlying 0.3 mile W of Pulau Pengiki-besar, from which it is sepa-rated by a deep channel.1.32 A coral shoal, with a depth of 11m, lies in the N entrance ofthis channel. Both of these islands are covered by dense vege-tation and are uninhabited. 1.32 Good anchorage for vessels with local knowledge, shelteredfrom the Northeast Monsoon, can be obtained, in a depth of27m, on the SW side of Pulau Pengiki-besar.1.32 Welstead Shoal (033'N., 10753'E.), a group of pinnacles hav-ing a least depth of 4.9m is 0.1 mile wide and 0.3 mile long. A de-tached shoal, with a depth of 11m, lies 0.2 mile W of this shoal.1.32 Rodger Rock (041'N., 10732'E.) is a dangerous steep-torock, which never breaks, has a depth of 0.9m.

1.33 Pulau Jangkulan (045'N., 10719'E.) is a lowdensely-wooded islet. The coast consists of a white sandybeach, fringed by a reef extending 0.2 mile offshore. 1.33 Tokong Kemudi (056'N., 10644'E.) is formed by two hillsjoined by a thickly wooded ridge. The N hill rises in a nearlyvertical cliff from the sea to an elevation of 176m. A sugarloafshaped rock, 37m high, lies on the outer edge of a reef near theSE extremity of Tokong Kemudi.

1.33 Pulau Dumdum (112'N., 10653'E.) is densely woodedand rises steeply from the sea in two peaks. The N and morepointed is 190m high. There is a sandy beach on its S side. Theisland is marked by a light.1.33 Tokong Uwi consists of a group of two large and two small,bare, precipitous rocks. The rocks are lying on a steep-to reef,over which there is a depth of 4.9m. The N of the two largerrocks is 35m high.

Pulau JemajaIslands North and Northwest

1.34 Pulau Impul (305'N., 10543'E.), 360m high, lies 1mile N of Pulau Jemaja. A rock, with less than 1.8m, lies closeoff the S extremity of the island and a reef, barely awash athigh water, lies off the SE extremity of the island. 1.34 Pulau Anak, 195m high, lies 0.3 mile NW of Pulau Impul.Several above-water rocks and two islets lie off the NW ex-tremity of the island.1.34 Pulau Mubur, about 0.5 mile W of Pulau Anak, has a ridge ofround hills that rise to a height of 247m near the N end of theisland. Pulau Datu is a small islet that lies 0.3 mile S of the SEextremity of Pulau Mubur.


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1.34 Pulau Kramut, 113m high, lies close SW of Pulau Muburand is joined to it by a mangrove swamp; there is a suitablechannel for small boats through the swamp.1.34 A bay, encumbered by foul ground, lies between the SE ex-tremities of Pulau Kramut and Pulau Mubur. Vessels can an-chor in the outer part of the bay, about 0.3 mile E of the SEextremity of Pulau Kramut, in a depth of 37m, sand and rock. 1.34 A small village lies at the head of the bay, which is conspicuousfrom seaward because of the metal roofs on its buildings.

1.34 Pulau Mangkai (305'N., 10536'E.) is the farthest NW ofthe SW group of Kepulauan Anambas. It is located about 2miles WSW of Pulau Kramut. The chan