enhanced reader
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
Enhanced Reader discovery
Beechwood
Rob Lloyd & James CookCasper team
Old English boc "book, writing, any written document," traditionally from Proto-Germanic *bokiz "beech" (cf. German Buch "book" Buche "beech;")
Beechwood
London, reporting in...• Inception• Design workshop• Lightweight user research• Literature review• Personas• SpringerLink statistics• Reference devices• Design principles• Concept wireframe• Unknowns
How we work...
How we work...
How we work...
How we work...
How we work...
http://uie.com/brainsparks/2012/01/20/jeff-gothelf-lean-ux-getting-out-of-the-deliverables-business
Jeff Gothelf on Lean UX
Design workshop
Design workshop
Design workshop
Hypothesis“Digital textbooks? Oh, well that means tablets then...”
User research
User research University College London& London School of Economics
• Laptops, not tablets (physical keyboard, expense)
• Textbooks consumed at chapter-level (dip-in and reference for a lecture)
• Tangible benefits of paper (speed, navigation, annotation)
• Resent textbook expense
• Unclear on definition of ‘eBook’
• Copy & Paste, Printing, and PDFs considered important
• Frustration at existing Readers
• Digital screens cause fatigue; Books are easier to concentrate
• Digital content considered good for portability, convenience, environment, backup
• Search and Annotations Export considered important
Expert researchDr. Paul Marshall, UCL Interaction Centre
Expert researchDr. Paul Marshall, UCL lecturer
• Tablet ownership influenced by academic discipline
• Emotional anchor to paper-based books
• “Don’t replicate paper, offer something new” – Beyond Being There (1992)
• “You can’t skim with digital. You can search - if you know what you’re looking for”
• Students have complex workflows for getting content where they want it
• How can annotations support offline behaviours?
• Issues with rich media content are relevance and cost to produce
• “A student is the sum of their cognitive network ...but unplug them and they’re helpless” – Andy Clark
• “A lot of academic textbooks are moving to subscription models”
User researchDr. Paul Marshall, UCL lecturer
• Lorem ipsum • Dolor sit amet• Consectetur • Adipiscing elit.
Product Reaction Cards
Studying with a textbook...
Studying with a computer or mobile device...
Hypothesis 1“We believe that digital textbooks are principally consumed via laptops, and thus are our primary window”
Literature reviewStudents to eTextbooks: No Thanks
For Many Students, Print is Still King
Another Study Points to Advantages of Printed Textbooks
The Object Formerly Known as the Textbook
eTextbooks Flunk an Early Test
Students Get Savvier About Textbook Buying
Student Attitudes and Behaviours Towards Digital Textbooks
The Surprising Foil to Online Eduction: Why Students Won't Give Up Paper Textbooks
Digital Publishing in Europe: A Focus on France, Germany, Italy and Spain
One World Publishing, Brought to You by the Internet
Beyond the Web: TEI, the Digital Library, and the eBook Revolution
Listen to the Music: Lessons for Publishers from Record Labels' Digital Debut Decade
In from the Edge: The Progressive Evolution of Publishing in the Age of Digital Abundance
The Engaged Reader: A Human-centred Evaluation of eBook User Experience
Improving the Usability of the User Interface for a Digital Textbook Platform for Elementary-school Students
Appearance and Functionality of Electronic Books: Lessons from the Visual Book and Hyper-Textbook projects
NOVeLLA: A Multi-modal Electronic Book Reader with Visual and Auditory Interfaces
Trade Book Publishing in Germany: Summary Report for 2011
Digital Object Identifiers for eBooks: What are we Identifying?
How Digital Content Resellers are Impacting Trade Book Publishing
Electronic Books: How Digital Devices and Supplementary New Technologies are Changing the Face of the Publishing Industry
Books, Bytes and Business: The Promise of Digital Publishing
Business Model Sustainability in Book Publishing
Electronic Books in the 2003-2005 Period: Some Reflections on Their Apparent Potential and Actual Development
Electronic Books: How Digital Devices and Supplementary New Technologies are Changing the Face of the Publishing Industry
Print-on-Demand or Short Run Digital Printing: A New Technology for Publishers
Impacting Forces on eBook Business Models Development
The Development and Future of the Japanese eBook Market
Overview of the Spanish eBook Market
Literature review
• “Students have become more receptive to digital textbooks”
• “However they do not currently see their laptop or computer as a replacement for the textbook. They do see value in having their textbook available digitally on the computer for research.”
• “The picture is quite different for tablets or eReaders. The students demonstrated a willingness to use the textbook on an eReader as their primary or secondary textbook.”
Student Attitudes and Behaviours Towards Digital TextbooksJun 2011
Literature review
Factors cited for decreasing the desirability of the eTextbooks over paper textbooks included:
• enable easier concentration than digital readers (i.e. there are less distractions in a paper textbook)
• provide a greater ability to comprehend the content
• are personal preference for many students
Student Attitudes and Behaviours Towards Digital TextbooksJun 2011
Literature review
Factors cited for increasing the desirability of the eTextbooks over paper textbooks included:
• provide greater convenience and portability
• are lower cost; less expensive than paper textbook
• offer a valuable ability to conduct search of the content
• are appropriate media and desired by the “Y” generation
Student Attitudes and Behaviours Towards Digital TextbooksJun 2011
Literature review
• “The major factors observed in this study that are driving student acceptance of the digital textbooks in the classroom are economics (i.e. cost) and students perceived impact of the devices on their learning. One last major driving force of the use of digital textbooks in the classroom is whether they are assigned and recommended by the instructor.”
Student Attitudes and Behaviours Towards Digital TextbooksJun 2011
Literature reviewThe Surprising Foil to Online Education: Why Students Won’t Give Up Paper TextbooksFall 2012
• “Most students reiterating their preference for paper textbooks”
• “Resistance to replacing paper textbooks with e-textbooks and an ongoing desire to print electronic content suggests paper-based information better serves students’ needs in educational context”
• “Students perceive paper textbooks as the best format for extended reading and studying and for locating information. Students believe that they learn more when studying from paper textbooks. Moreover, paper textbooks allow students to manage content in whatever way they wish to study the material...”
Literature review
Paper...
• easier to highlight
• easier to identify their page location
• comprehension is higher when reading from paper than online, paper documentation is preferred for more complex tasks
• ongoing desire to be able to print electronic content
• reduced readability, document navigation difficulties, and increased eye fatigue
• Inaccessibility to software or hardware; Data’s availability via the Internet
• too much scrolling and shifting of displays
• search features deliver too much content
The Surprising Foil to Online Education: Why Students Won’t Give Up Paper TextbooksFall 2012
Literature reviewThe Surprising Foil to Online Education: Why Students Won’t Give Up Paper TextbooksFall 2012
“Amazon and Apple targeted the lucrative educational textbook market , running pilot projects with selected universities using their devices as repositories for course content (Damast, 2010). Overall, the trials generated mixed results (Kennedy, Judd, Churchward, Gray & Krause, 2008; Prenksy, 2001) with most students reiterating their preference for paper textbooks.”
Literature reviewThe Surprising Foil to Online Education: Why Students Won’t Give Up Paper TextbooksFall 2012
“Universities will continue to promote the use of digital content. Consequently, students must develop the learning and study skills if they wish to achieve academic success when using e-textbooks as part of their learning and studying process. Therefore, a need exists for educators and e-textbook developers to develop better tools and strategies for seamlessly integrating the functions and benefits of paper textbooks within e-textbooks. As well, educators must teach students how to effectively use these devices for learning and studying.”
Literature review
• “In their own usability study, they conclude that the reading efficiency of an ebook was lower than that of a paper book and that reading on an electronic medium causes significantly higher eye fatigue.”
The Engaged Reader: A human-centred evaluation of ebook user experienceJan 2013
Literature review
• “Reading is an emotive subject and books are a nostalgic medium. In a generation that is driven by technological development, this study believes that the preference for books is a firmly embedded opinion and is difficult to change. Paper-based books are full of tradition and history, whilst the book reading experience is often formed in childhood. For these reasons, publishers and developers should place the emphasis on shifting opinion to the middle and encourage co-adoption of both ebook and paper-book.”
The Engaged Reader: A human-centred evaluation of ebook user experienceJan 2013
Potential features
• Interactive graphs• Hyperlinked footnotes• Save as PDF with annotations• Collaborative & shared annotations• Text size and colour contrast• Make content available offline• Comments and ratings• User-submitted content• Social media sharing• Geo-aware content• Text-to-audio
Hypothesis 2“We believe that digital textbooks enhance a student’s learning experience when viewed as an extension of (and not rival to) paper-based textbooks”
Personas
Personas
Xing Benjamin Natasha The Enthusiast
“I’d rather everything digital...”
The Agnostic
“I don’t really care, whichever is most useful”
The Skeptic
“No thanks, I much prefer books”
AnalyticsSpringerLink / desktop screen sizes
AnalyticsSpringerLink / mobile screen sizes
AnalyticsSpringerLink / mobile operating systems
AnalyticsSpringerLink / mobile visits by device, 2013
AnalyticsSpringerLink / mobile visits
Market
Hypothesis 3“We believe that digital textbooks will be increasingly consumed via tablets, and will design to support this”
QualarooHow would you prefer to read an online textbook?How would you prefer to read an online textbook?
QualarooWould you like to download every chapter in this book at once?
Would you like to download every chapter in this book at once?
Reference devices
Design principles
User flows
Concept wireframe
Design values
Branding
Branding
Initial story map
What’s next?• Goals & scenarios• Story estimation• Competitor analysis• Wireframing• Prototype build• Visual design
• Matthew Reynolds, UCL Library Services • Steve Paxia, Academic Textbook consultant• Nicholas Carr, technology and economics commentator• Luke Chircop, Markitup research team
Unknowns...• Measurable success criteria? e.g. build in metrics• DRM controls? e.g. Printing / Save as .pdf / Download .epub• Costs for appropriate enhanced content• Subscription vs. Purchase• Public sales channels• Simulating page numbers• Images @2x for Retina displays
