English Theme 8Music and Memory

“How to write a nice summary”

Mafuyu Kitahara2007-01-15

Format and such

● About 1000 words (900-1100 words are tolerable)

● Print on an A4-paper, word processor output

● Deadline = February 5th, at JIMUSHO● Style, Structure, and Accuracy ….

next

Style

● Put your name, number, title, and class

● Indent the first line of a paragraph● Take care of punctuation and spelling● Double space (line spacing = 2)● Fonts: 12 point, Times or the like

Structure● Section = large grouping

– Review of auditory memory studies– Characteristics of music structure w.r.t.

memory– Personal experience and finding

● Subsection = may correspond to each chapter

● Paragraph = topic and support– Topic = main point– Support = give details, use signal words

Accuracy

● Do not copy more than 3 words in a row● Must use your own words● But, be accurate: not too broad nor too

specific– e.g. “The organization of memory and the

limits of our ability to remember have a profound effect on how we perceive patterns of events and boundaries in time (p.5).”

Example: rephrased version

● Formal:– The organization of memory and its

capability actually determines our perception of patterns changing in time.

● More colloquial:– Experience of music depends so much on

how we can remember and how much we can remember.

Organization of memory

● Memory: 3 processes – Loosely related to 3 time scales

– not based on anatomical structure

– FUNCTIONAL

● Physiologically: neurons alter thhe strength and number of connections each other

Echoic memory● Stores raw nerve

impulses● Lasts less than a

second

– STM● Low capacity● Lasts up to 30 sec without rehearsal

● Focus of conscious awareness

Perceptual binding & categorization

● Bind features to coherent events

● Features: – frequency– amplitude

● Events: – a note (consists

of overtones)● Continuous to

discrete

Long Term Memory● Activate

memories of similar events in the past

● Identification of names, timber, voice...

Short Term Memory● Low capacity● Lasts up to 30

sec without rehearsal

● Focus of conscious awareness