english styles in 17 th & 18 th century
DESCRIPTION
BAROQUE William & Mary 1680s – 1700 Queen Anne 1700 – 1730s. ROCOCO George I – IV 1730s – 1820s Corresponds to American Colonial. English Styles in 17 th & 18 th Century. ENGLISH GEORGIAN. Queen Anne Style (English version of Baroque). Georgian c. 1700-30. cupid’s bow. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
English Styles in 17th & 18th Century
BAROQUE• William & Mary
– 1680s – 1700
• Queen Anne– 1700 – 1730s
ROCOCO• George I – IV
– 1730s – 1820s
• Corresponds to American Colonial
ENGLISH GEORGIAN
Queen Anne Style(English version of Baroque)
Georgian c. 1700-30
Queen Anne Chair, c.1700-
30, walnut
cupid’s bowcupid’s bow
obvious obvious division division between between leg & seatleg & seat
•walnut made it difficult to carve details
•sometimes called the parrot chair
•English generally leave back legs square—Marlboro leg
Mechanical Wingback
c.1700-30
•Baroque features with Georgian features—hodge podge
•put in front of fireplace to hold heat in
•Fringe distinctly English
Highboy
c. 1700-30, walnut
swan neck finial
cabriole leg—English make them short and squat
escutcheons
English late Baroque Chest,
c. 1700-30
•moving to neo-classical though still big and heavy•classical details--lions head, arch, greek key motifs•shells more baroque & rococo
Georgian
1650 - 1770
•no more Tudors or Stuarts
•House of Hanover from Germany—distant cousins
•George I - IV
Hanoverian Dynasty
The Whig Party
• George I not interested in Arts• Whigs become influential in
defining “good taste”• power and prestige of upper class
based on:– ownership of land– construction of country houses as
evidence of wealth
English Georgian Country House
(nobles have a city home and a retreat)
PURPOSE or FUNCTION• retreat for nobility• keep government officials near
London• recreational lodging• used for persuasion—“help” you
change your views on political items
Coleshill(country home)
Berkshire, England, architect Sir Roger Pratt,
1650s
Cupola Longleat Hall/Italian
Renaissance
Balustrade
Italian renaissance
Hipped Roofdistinctly English
• battle between vertical & horizontal• 3 floors shown with string courses—basement service
story• quoining
Dormer Windows
(French)
encouragement of social mingling (partly because party
home) caused a new flow between rooms
Double Pile House
• two rooms deep• central corridor meant for
servants• enfilade public• Hall—most ornamented and
expensive room in the space• parlor, antechamber & chamber
sequence nonexistent in England
Communal Planning
interior characteristics
modeled figuresclassical ordersdelicate motifs
asymmetryundulating linenatural forms
exterior details
The Hall
mish-mash of everything—
distinctly English
The Parlour—scale?one base color for wall—everything else is white
all about architectural detailing
Late Georgian
broken scroll pediment
central cartouche or coat of arms
attenuated caryatids
classical order
very sculptural
The Gentleman's and Cabinet-Maker’s Director
(English version of Rococo)
Thomas Chippendale, London, 1754
•first book to deal with furniture relative to interiors•starts to do interior decoration as well•eventually grew to 120 people working for him
Modern Chairs or In the French Style, 1754like French Rococo
Gothic / Classical Chairs, 1754
gothic revivalgothic revival classical revivalclassical revival
seems to be a frieze with
triglyphs/ metopes
Chinese Chippendale Chairs, 1754
lattice backslattice backs
romanticism
Ribbon-back Chair, 1754rococo motif
Pie Crust Pie Crust Side Side TableTable
•need more surfaces/table tops for tea drinking
•squatty leg
•claw and ball foot—Chinese inspiration—dragon claw holding a pearl
Rococo inspired ornamentation
lighter, more delicate, cabriole leg, female figure
INFLUENCES
• travel – return with souvenirs
• Grand Tour (finish training of architects)
– admiration of landscape painting• beginning of study of history of
architecture• romanticism—transporting yourself
to a different place & time
Claydon House
Luke Lightfoot
1750s
•all done in plaster
•references Chinese architecture
•using Asian people
•bells become popular
ChinoiserieChinoiserie
close up of plaster work—looks almost as if it is dripping
detail of a niche—dragons &
herons
Chippendale bed became popular
showed wealth, education, and that
you were well traveled
gildedgilded
bamboobamboo
lattice lattice workwork
J. M. W. Turner, The Passage of the St. Gothard (1804).
Watercolor.
Edmund Burke
Treatise on the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and the
Beautiful
1753
“Pleasurable fear”
•picturesque•fascinated by storms & shadows•huge impact on landscape design
Chiswick
near London, (Neo-Palladian villa) by Lord Burlington,
1720s•gardens are classic English Baroque—very romantic ideal•small Roman temple, English cottage, Sphinx, Pagoda—never encounter more than one at a time
Chiswick Chiswick HouseHouse
renewed interest in
Palladio and his works
exterior is classical
(Villa (Villa Rotunda)Rotunda)
Green Velvet Room
Red Velvet Room
Blue Velvet Room
Gallery
Saloon
interior is picturesque
room shapes change
picturesque interiors—color scheme changes dramatically
more Baroque
Gallery
delicate, cream and gold color palette—
more Rococo
new version of Long Gallery—still linear
but taking you through different
shaped rooms
compartmentalized ceiling
so little of the Long Gallery walls used for pictures now
Strawberry Hill
Gothic Revival Villa, Twickenham, England, by Horace Walpole, et. al.,
1750-70s
(based on their own ruins)
Strawberry Hill (Gothic Revival Villa), Twickenham, England, by Horace Walpole, et. al., 1750-70s
straddles movement into Neo-classicism
Gothic design details?
picturesque planning
rooms are all different shapes
circulation is unclear
Sitting Room
Gothic inspired fan vaulting
Great CloisterGeorgian coloration—color on white; Rococo tone on tone
pattern on wall; Gothic Revival detailing