UNIVERZITET CRNE GORE INSTITUT ZA STRANE JEZIKE

PRAVNI FAKULTET

ENGLESKI JEZIK - STRUČNI I

PRIPREMA ZA PRVI KOLOKVIJUM

PODGORICA, MART 2015

UNIT 1 ♦ Law ♦ Law and justice ♦ Legal vs. moral ♦ Legalese

LAW AND JUSTICE KEY VOCABULARY (pg 1)

body 1. skup, niz, skupina, set 2.tijelo, organ regulation propis constitution ustav legislation zakonodavstvo, zakoni i propisi govern voditi, rukovoditi, upravljati behaviour ponašanje authority vlast, uprava, tijelo, (pl.) ovlašćenja, ingerencije,

nadležnost, jurisdikcija legislature zakonodavno tijelo, tijelo koje donosi zakone

law enforcement agency tijelo za sprovođenje zakona = policija agency uprava, tijelo, organ, agencija enforcement sprovođenje, primjena observe poštovati, pridržavati se lawyer pravnik, advokat apply primjenjivati role uloga judiciary sudstvo, pravosuđe vary razlikovati se, varirati basis osnova, temelj bring a case pokrenuti slučaj/parnicu

DIVISON OF POWER

(Podjela vlasti)

LEGISLATIVE (zakonodavna vlast)

exercised by the Parliament

EXECUTIVE (izvršna vlast)

exercised by the Goverment

JUDICIAL (sudska vlast) exercised by

courts

tribunal sud, tribunal start a legal action pokrenuti parnicu/postupak time-consuming zahtjevati puno vremena, dugotrajno, dugog

trajanja fair pravično, pošteno, fer appropriate primjereno, prikladno, adekvatno uphold zagovarati, podržati, unaprijediti punishment kažnjavanje just pravedan criminal zločinac, kriminalac crime krivično djelo, zločin, kriminal commit (crime) počiniti, izvršiti

LAW – COLLOCATIONS (ADDITIONAL EXERCISE)

TRANSLATE THE FOLLOWING PHRASES INTO ENGLISH:

Riječ ili sintagma Prevodni ekvivalenti primjenjivati/primijeniti zakon apply, implement, uphold law sprovoditi zakon enforce, implement law poštovati zakon follow, obey, observe, respect law kršiti zakon break, violate law usvojiti zakon adopt, pass, create, enact, introduce law dopuniti i izmijeniti zakon amend law tumačiti zakon interpret law sačiniti, napisati zakon draft, devise, write law ukinuti zakon repeal, overturn law nacrt zakona draft law, bill kriminal vs kriminalac vs zločin crime vs criminal vs crime/criminal act počiniti zločin commit a crime zakon propisuje law prescribes, stipulates. sets forth, lays down zakon zabranjuje law forbids, prohibits, bans zakon navodi law specifies, determines, defines, provides (for,

that), sets forth zakon dozvoljava law allows, authorizes zakon nameće law imposes

(pg 3, ex.1)

LAW

ZAKON (određeni) Company Law-

Zakon o privrednim društvima, Law 0n VAT- Zakon o PDV

ZAKON (uopšte, kao skup pravila)

law and order - zakon i red, sila

zakona

PRAVO Law student - student prava, common law - običajno pravo

DISCUSSION LAW (pg 3, ex. II)

Riječ ili sintagma Prevodni ekvivalenti rule of law vladavina prava scientific naučni bill nacrt zakona, povelja establish uspostaviti, osnovati law and order zakon i red, javni poredak asylum seeker lice koje traži azil citizenship državljanstvo obedience poštovanje, poslušnost JUSTICE (pg 3, ex. V)

Riječ ili sintagma Prevodni ekvivalenti

portray prikazati scale tas, vaga prejudice predrasuda, neutemeljeno mišljenje, šteta impartially nepristrasno weigh up odmjeriti, izmjeriti blindfold povez za oči

READING

Miscarriage of Justice

(“Kad pravda zakaže”) miscarriage pogrešna presuda, greška, neuspjeh, pobačaj operate rukovoditi, upravljati failing nedostatak, slabost, greška, mana safeguard zaštita, osiguranje fallible sklon greškama, pogrešiv inevitable neizbježan, neminovan witness svjedok jury porota occur dogoditi se, desiti se remarkable značajan, jedinstven, neobičan systematic plansko, sistematsko fraud prevara, podvala notable značajan, upadljiv fundamental temeljan, fundamentalan blow udarac, nesreća ex-convict bivši osuđenik alias lažno ime, drugo ime, znan kao

frock coat frak, žaket mark biljeg, ožiljak, trag mole mladež, biljeg defraud prevariti convinced uvjeren, ubijeđen jewels dragulji, nakit criminal justice krivično pravni sistem property predmet, pokretna stvar, imovina, nepokretnost prosecution tužilaštvo, tužilac, krivično gonjenje object usprotiviti se, uložiti prigovor lest kako ne bi, da ne bi, iz straha da in question o kome/čemu je riječ, dotični assume pretpostaviti promptly smjesta, odmah, bez odlaganja, brzo enquire raspitati se, pitati, tražiti convict osuda, osuđivanost on one's behalf u ime merely samo, tek, jedino protestation obraćanje, prigovor, svečana izjava sentence kazna, osuda, osuditi penal servitude robija penal kazneni, krivični servitude ropstvo, robovanje release osloboditi, pustiti confess TO a crime priznati zločin/krivično djelo compensation odšteta, naknada štete, nadoknada ordeal iskušenje, patnja, muka inquire istraga, ispitivanje, istraga set up osnovati, uspostaviti vindication oslobađanje, odbrana časti, potvrda o nevinosti court of appeal apelacioni sud appeal žalba, žaliti se, revizija conviction osuda, presuda resort pribjeći, poslužiti se, okrenuti se Vocabulary (pg 5)

A B 1. fraud 2. ex-convict 3. to convince 4. inevitable 5. prejudice 6. vindication 7. fallible 8. alias 9. ordeal 10. penal

11. to resort

a) false name b) suffering c) cannot be prevented d) former prisoner e) to turn to f) punishable g) misrepresentation leading to a deceit

(deceit – prevara, varka) h) a strong bias (bias – predrasuda,

pristrasnost) i) exoneration (oslobođenje, razrješenje) j) likely to make a mistake k) to persuade

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. G D K C H I J A B F E

VOCABULARY (pg 6, ex. I)

1. escape justice 2. bring somebody to justice 3. justice has been served 4. do justice to somebody 5. poetic justice

A) a situation in which someone is made to suffer for something bad they have done in a way that seems perfectly suitable or right.

B) Someone has been treated fairly or has been given a punishment they deserve

C) To catch someone who you think is guilty of a crime and arrange for them to go to court

D) Avoid being punished for a crime E) To treat or represent someone in a way that

is fair and shows their best qualities

Riječ ili sintagma Prevodni ekvivalenti to bring to justice izvesti pred sud, predati u ruke pravde, izvesti pred

lice pravde to do justice postupati pravično, biti pravedan prema nekom,

istaći kvalitete poetic justice poetska pravda – zaslužena kazna, pobjeda pravde avoid izbjeći suitable prikladno, primjereno

VOCABULARY (pg 6, ex. II, III, IV)

Riječ ili sintagma Prevodni ekvivalenti bully zlostavljati, maltretirati, tiranisati victimize učiniti nekoga žrtvom, mučiti nekoga intelligence obavještajna služba claim tvrditi provide for predviđati provide that navodi set down propisuje, navodi lay down propisati, odrediti require zahtjevati official funkcioner, zvaničnik, službenik as the law stands kako zakon navodi the letter of the law slovo zakona – doslovno i bespogovorno tumačenje

zakona impose nametnuti breakdown krah, rušenje

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

D C B E A

VOCABULARY (pg 7, ex. V)

Riječ ili sintagma Prevodni ekvivalenti authority organ, tijelo, vlast, ovlašćenja, agencija, nadležnost legal action pravni postupak, parnica legislation zakoni i propisi judiciary pravosuđe, sudstvo BINDING (rule or decision) obavezujuć proceeding postupak, aprnica try – trial suditi - suđenje resolve disputes rješavati sporove senior viši, stariji

1. Authority 2. Court 3. Govern 4. Judge 5. Law enforcement agency 6. Lawyers 7. Legal action 8. Legal system 9. Legislation 10. Rule 11. The judiciary 12. Tribunal

a) A body that is appointed to make a judgment or inquiry

b) A country’s body of judges c) An act or acts passed by a law-making body d) Behaviour recognized by a community as

binding or enforceable by authority e) Legal proceedings f) An official body that has authority to try

criminals, resolve disputes, or make other legal decisions

g) An organization responsible for enforcing the law, especially the police

h) A senior official in a court of law i) The body or system of rules recognized by a

community that are enforceable by established process

j) The control resulting from following a community’s system of rules

k) Members of the legal profession l) To rule a society and control the behaviour

of its members

(pg 7, ex. VI) custom običaj, praksa unjust nepravedan forbid zabraniti, ne dopustiti basic value osnovna, temeljna vrijednost to attain something postići, ostvariti derive from poticati, izvesti, izvoditi uphold law zagovarati, podržati, unaprijediti requirement uslov, zahtjev open hearing otvoreno/javno ročište, saslušanje, (main hearing –

glavni pretre) impartial court nepristrasan sud notion of justice ideja, zamisao pravde

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. J F L H G K E I C D B A

lay down rules propisati pravila settled custom običaji koji su se ustalili i ostali stipulate, set forth, determine, prescribe, lay down, provide that, provide, state

propisati, navoditi, odrediti, isticati, definisati, određivati

MORAL RESPONSIBILITY (pg 9)

outlying udaljen, zabačen district oblast, kraj severely žestoko, strogo, užasno nearby obližnji drawbridge pokretni most block zaustaviti, prepriječiti wildly mahnito, ludački rave urlati, vikati seek-sought-sought tražiti, težiti

plight muke, nevolje, nepovoljni položaj, loše stanje

fee novčana naknada, taksa, kazna flatly odsječno, odlučno disobey ne slušati, prekršiti, ne pokoriti se resource sredstvo, šansa, utočište exhaust istrošiti, iscrpiti slay-slew-slain ubiti, preklati, zaklati

LEGALESE (pg 12, ex. I)

PLAIN VS LEGAL ENGLISH (“OBIČNO” ZNAČENJE VS PRAVNO ZNAČENJE)

BAR šipka, kafe, ograda, motka, pregrada

dio sudnice odvojen pregradom, advokatura, pravosudni ispit, advokatska komora, „call to

the bar“ CASE torba, događaj, padež

slučaj, parnica, predmet, dokazi BRIEF kratak, sažet

podnesak, predlog, sažeto izlaganje, ili izložiti glavne elemente parnice

SENTENCE rečenica, mudra izreka presuda, kazna, osuditi

DEFENCE odbrana, zaštita odbrana, branilac, defence attorney –

advokat odbrane; public defender – branilac po službenoj dužnosti

CONVICTION uvjerenje, vjerovanje, ubjeđenje osuđivanost, osuda, proglasiti krivim

TAKE A STAND zauzeti stav klupa za svjedoke, pristupiti svjedočenju

EVIDENCE jasnoća, očiglednost, znak dokazni materijal, svjedočenje, sudski iskaz

(pg 13, ex. II) verdict presuda (koju donosi porota) accused optuženi find guilty proglasiti krivim prison sentence kazna zatvora

PREPOSITIONS

Riječ ili sintagma Prevodni ekvivalenti UNDER arrest uhapšen UNDER oath pod zakletvom argue tvrditi commit the crime počiniti krivično djelo/zločin UNDER duress pod prinudom enter INTO agreement dogovoriti se, postići dogovor discriminate AGAINST vršiti diskriminaciju nad salary mjesečna plata serve ON uručiti security jamstvo, garancija freedom OF the press sloboda štampe, medija extort money FROM iznuditi novac od award dodijeliti defendant optuženi, tuženi damages (pl) naknada štete, odšteta prohibit zabraniti, ne dozvoliti

UNIT 2 ♦ Classification of law ♦ UK legal system ♦ Word formation ♦ Sources of law

BRANCHES OF LAW

KEY VOCABULARY branch grana, ogranak national nacionalno, domaće statute pisani zakon, zakon izdat od strane parlamenta draft law = bill nacrt zakona regulations propisi code zakonik, pravilnik, kodeks guideliness smjernice case law sudska praksa, običajno/precedentno rpavo,

anglosaksonsko, englesko pravo treaty sporazum, ugovor regulation regulativa (EU) constitutional law ustavno pravo criminal law krivično pravo commercial law privredno pravo employment law radno pravo contract law obligaciono pravo, obligacije property law stvarno pravo scope opseg, obim, predmet, polje, djelokrug distinct različit, poseban, izrazit federal savezni, federalni consistent with u skladu sa, slagati se amend dopuniti i izmijeniti unique jedinstven influence uticati subject matter predmet sadržaj djelokrug subject-matter jurisdiction stvarna nadležnost civil law građansko pravo

READING

CLASSIFICATION OF LAW division podjela common law običajno pravo, anglosaksonsko pravo statutory law pisano pravo, kodifikovano pravo interpret tumačiti embody ostvariti, izraziti, otjelotvoriti civil law kontinentalno pravo, pisano kodifikovano pravo legislature zakonodavno tijelo derive from poticati crpiti izvesti substantive law materijalno pravo procedural law procesno pravo regulate urediti uređivati regulisati powers ovlašćenja party strana comprise činiti, sačinjavati, biti sastavljen od duty dužnost, obaveza administer upravljati, rukovoditi, nadgledati civil procedural law građansko procesno pravo criminal procedural law krivično procesno pravo public law javno pravo private individual pojedinac operation funkcionisanje administrative law upravno pravo tax law poresko pravo, finansijsko pravo private person fizičko lice inhere pripadati, biti svojstven, počivati obligation obaveza, dužnost devolve prenijeti, prijeći natural law prirodno pravo establish uspostaviti, osnovati medieval srednjevjekovni enact donijeti, usvojiti conception ideja, zamisao, koncepcija, začeće divine justice božanska pravda domestic law domaće, nacionalno,unutrašnje pravo affairs poslovi, pitanja international law međunarodno pravo embrace obuhvatiti, uključiti participant učesnik NGO (non-govermental organization) NVO public international law međunarodno javno pravo private international law međunarodnoo privatno pravo foreign element involved sa elementom inostranosti bring suit pokrenuti tužbu/parnicu/spor redress naknada, nadoknada, lijek, pomoć, pravno

zadovoljenje breach of contract kršenje ugovora divorce action brakorazvodna parnica

copyright violation kršenje autorskih prava peace and order red i mir invariably uvijek, redovno, stalno arise nastati, pojaviti sem proisteći felony teško krivično djelo/zločin major crime teški zločin homicide ubistvo burglary provala perjury krivokletstvo

II

1. precedent a) the branch of government responsible for making laws

2. divine justice b) a serious crime punishable by more than one year imprisonment

3. legal redress c) decided case serving as a basis for determining later cases

4. breach of contract d) compelling compliance with a law

5. perjury e) the law that has its sources in legislation

6. conflicts of law f) God’ s justice

7. enacted law g) a means of seeking a compensation in a court of law

8. legislature h) difference between the laws of different countries

9. law enforcement i) failure to perform contractual obligations

10. felony j) giving false statements while under oath

Riječ ili sintagma Prevodni ekvivalenti punishable kažnjiv imprisonment kazna zatvora decided case odlučeni slučaj determine odrediti, odlučiti compel prisiliti compliance usaglašenost, usklađenost seek – sought –sought tražiti, zahtjevati, težiti compensation naknada štete failure to perform neispunjavanje, neizvršavanje false lažan, neistinit

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. C F G I J H E A D B

Reading

THE LEGAL SYSTEM IN THE UK distinguish razlikovati, praviti razliku legal person = legal entity pravno lice conduct ponašanje theft krađa prosecute krivično goniti, optužiti offender učinilac/počinalac/izvršilac krivičnog djela give rise to biti uzrok, dati povoda claim v. tražiti, zahtjevati, potraživati

n. zahtjev, tvrdnja, potraživanje injuction sudska zabrana, sudski nalog, sudska odredba order naredba, rješenje, red, mjera, uputstvo overlap preklapati se, ukrštati se action tužba liability obaveza trade union sindikat chamber dom, komora House of Lords Dom lordova, Gornji dom sit zasjedati House of Commons Donji dom, Dom komuna constitute ustanoviti, sačiniti, osnovati substantial značajan, znatan, suštinski appoint postaviti hereditary nasledan, naslijeđen peer član Gornjeg doma po pravu nasleđa,

plemić,velmoža, velikaš district okrug, jedinica, područje assembly skupština legislate donositi/usvajati zakone accession pristupanje authorize ovlastiti signatory potpisnica incorporate uvrstiti, uključiti proceed pokrenuti postupak/parnicu, tužiti convene sazvati, sazivati, pozvati accede pristupiti

WORD FORMATION scholar naučnik, učenjak, stipendista scholarship učenost, naobrazba, stipendija citizenship državljanstvo ownership vlasništvo authorship autorstvo gain steći assess procijeniti assessment procjena confidential povjerljiv,tajan careless bezbrižan, nemaran

READING

Common Law in the UK override poništiti, odbaciti, ukinuti subject to podložan, zavisi od, biti predmet refinement dotjerivanje, uglađivanje essential bitan, ključan, neophodan binding obavezujuć course tok, postupak trial suđenje refer pozivati se na, ukazivati na, uputiti bound to obavezan, dužan follow poštovati to be to the point relevantan, korektan, držati se suštine pertinent relevantan, primjeren counsel advokat, pravni zastupnik cite navesti, citirati argue dokazivati, obrazlagati, tvrditi, argumentovati reasoned argumentovan, obrazložen, izložen applicable primjenjiv inevitable neizbježan, neminovan issue predmet, pitanje, predmet rasprave eventual decision konačna odluka (nikako “eventualna odluka”) outcome ishod, rezultat statement iskaz, izjava, navod, pravna kvalifikacija closing statement završna riječ make a statement izjasniti se subsequent kasniji, sljedeći, naredni, koji slijedi persuasive uvjerljiv, ubjedljiv ultimate konačan, krajnji reasoning zaključivanje, rasuđivanje, argumentovanje materially suštinski distinguish okarakterisati, označiti precede prethoditi citation pozivanje na, navod, citat

Vocabulary II

based on bound by codified custom disputes legislation non-criminal precedents provisions rulings

dispute spor, postupak settle dispute rješiti spor provision odredba, propis ruling odluka, rješenje, izricanje presude arrive at postići, doći breach of contract kršenje ugovora

III prosecution krivično gonjenje, optužnica, optužba accused okrivljeni, optuženi defendant optuženi, optuženo lice fine kazna, novčana kazna plaintiff tužilac compensation naknada štete action parnica damages odšteta to charge with optužiti za institute pokrenuti

V

defamation kleveta accquit osloboditi, riješiti, razriješiti bail kaucija, jemstvo imprisonment kazna zatvora sue tužiti exercise right ostvariti/ostvarivati pravo

UNIVERSITY OF MONTENEGRO INSTITUTE FOR FOREIGN LANGUAGES

LEGAL ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEST - LEVEL V

(mock coll.)

I Read the text and do the exercise given below it Why Do We Need the Law? Almost everything we do is governed by some set of rules. There are rules for games, for social clubs, for sports and for adults in the workplace. There are also rules imposed by morality and custom that play an important role in telling us what we should and should not do. However, some rules -- those made by the state or the courts -- are called "laws". Laws resemble morality because they are designed to control or alter our behaviour. But unlike rules of morality, laws are enforced by the courts; if you break a law -- whether you like that law or not -- you may be forced to pay a fine, pay damages, or go to prison. Why are some rules so special that they are made into laws? Why do we need rules that everyone must obey? In short, what is the purpose of law? If we did not live in a structured society with other people, laws would not be necessary. We would simply do as we please, with little regard for others. But ever since individuals began to associate with other people -- to live in society --laws have been the glue that has kept society together. For example, the law in Canada states that we must drive our cars on the right-hand side of a two-way street. If people were allowed to choose at random which side of the street to drive on, driving would be dangerous and chaotic. Laws regulating our business affairs help to ensure that people keep their promises. Laws against criminal conduct help to safeguard our personal property and our lives. Even in a well-ordered society, people have disagreements and conflicts arise. The law must provide a way to resolve these disputes peacefully. If two people claim to own the same piece of property, we do not want the matter settled by a duel: we turn to the law and to institutions like the courts to decide who is the real owner and to make sure that the real owner's rights are respected. We need law, then, to ensure a safe and peaceful society in which individuals' rights are respected. But we expect even more from our law. Some totalitarian governments have cruel and arbitrary laws, enforced by police forces free to arrest and punish people without trial. Strong-arm tactics may provide a great deal of order, but we reject this form of control. The Canadian legal system respects individual rights while, at the same time, ensuring that society operates in an orderly manner. In Canada, we also believe in the Rule of Law, which means that the law applies to every person, including members of the police and other public officials, who must carry out their public duties in accordance with the law. On the basis of the text above say if these sentences true or false:

1. Laws have always kept society together, like a glue. 2. Laws are completely same as rules of morality. 3. In a well ordered society people never come into conflicts. 4. Canadian legal system accepts and supports so called “strong-arm tactics” 5. The ‘rule of law’ means that police forces are free to arrest and punish people without trial. 6. There is no government in the world that has arbitrary laws.

6

II Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words from the list. You will not use all the words.

to govern legal system lawyers

tribunal law enforcement agency provide

legislation court rules

The purpose of the _____________ is to provide a fair and established process in which laws and _______________ recognized by a particular community are carried out. Within it there are key players like _____________ which is responsible for enforcing the law, the __________________ which has the authority to settle disputes and make decisions, and the _____________ who are members of the legal profession. Their goal is to ______________________ service to all citizens of society.

12

Name Index no. Teacher

III Match the terms from column A with their meaning or definition in column B.

1. prejudice a) the control resulting from following a

community’s system of rules 2. vindication b) a strong bias 3. bring somebody to justice c) exoneration 4. authority d) to catch someone who you think is guilty of a

crime and arrange for them to go to court

1. _______ 2. ________ 3. _________ 4. _________

4

IV Translate the following sentences

1. Legal systems vary between the countries, as well as the basis for bringing case before a court or tribunal. .................................................................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................................................................

2. Essential to the common law is the hierarchy of the courts in all of the UK jurisdictions and the principle of binding precedent.

...............................................................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................................

3. A Court of Criminal Appeal that was established in 1907 is the court to which any person who complains of his conviction before jury, or of his sentence, may resort.

.................................................................................................................................................................................. ..................................................................................................................................................................................

12

V Add appropriate suffix to the words bellow to form a correct noun

assess ________________ regular _______________ careless _______________ organise _______________

4 VI Add appropriate prefix to make negative adjectives appropriate __________________ lawful __________________ ambiguous __________________ certain __________________

4

42

MID-TERM ENGLISH TEST (KEY)

I

1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. F 6. F

II

1. LEGAL SYSTEM 2. RULES 3. LAW ENFORCEMENT AGENCY 4. COURT 5. LAWYERS 6. PROVIDE

III V ASSESS – ASSESSMENT REGULAR – REGULARITY CARELESS – CARELESSNESS ORGANISE – ORGANISATION VI APPROPRIATE – INAPPROPRIATE LAWFUL – UNLAWFUL AMBIGUOUS – DISAMBIGUOUS/UNAMBIGUOUS CERTAIN – UNCERTAIN

1. 2. 3. 4. B C D A