Energy Source Power System Stabilizer (ESPSS) Installation on the 10 MW, 40 MWH Battery Energy Storage System at Chino Substation

Bharat Bhargava

Advanced Power System Technologies, Inc

359 Amberwood Drive,

Walnut, CA 91789

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*Presentation is based on the paper presented at the 1997 Power Tech Conference at New Delhi, India Copyright © 2016 Advanced Power System Technologies, Inc. All Rights Reserved

PRESENTATION OUTLINE

Project Objectives

WSCC Inter-area Oscillations

Southern California’s Dynamic Stability Problem

PSS and ESPSS

Possible Solutions for Damping Inter area oscillations

Chino Battery Energy Storage System

Power Conditioning System for Chino Batteries

ESPSS Project Status and field installation

ESPSS Field Tests and records 2

ENERGY SOURCE POWER SYSTEM

STABILIZER PROJECT OBJECTIVES:

Determine if the Chino Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) with ESPSS design can be used to damp inter-area power system oscillations.

Determine if this concept can be extended to application of ESPSS on machine governors to damp power system oscillations.

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WSCC INTER AREA OSCILLATIONS

Occur at very low frequencies (0.25-1.0 HZ)

Excited by system disturbances like major line faults, generator or load dropping, etc.

Lower frequencies exhibit weaker system

Similar to spring-mass system oscillations

Some of the large areas in WSCC are:

Pacific Northwest, California and Arizona- New Mexico

Oscillations are generally damped in few seconds

Oscillations can grow if system is loaded beyond its capability and result in system breakup

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SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA’S DYNAMIC STABILITY PROBLEM

California imports up to:

4800 + 3100 MW (DC) from Northwest (BPA)

6000 MW from Arizona-New Mexico

Imports above this level are limited by:

Northwest-Southwest oscillations at 0.3 HZ

California-Arizona oscillations at 0.7 HZ

Line equipment rating usually series capacitors (can be increased)

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POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS TO REDUCE INTER AREA OSCILLATIONS AND

INCREASE POWER TRANSFERS

Additional transmission line

Additional series compensation in transmission lines

Flexible AC transmission system devices

Energy Source Power System Stabilizers on BES/generators

Super conducting Magnetic Energy Storage

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CHINO BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM

Ideally located near SCE’s load center

Battery energy storage of 40 MWH is adequate for damping oscillations

Power output limited to 10 MW because of PCS

Batteries could be used for more effective system oscillations damping with a larger size PCS

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POWER CONDITIONING SYSTEM FOR CHINO BATTERIES

Supplied by GE and installed in 1988

Designed for 2 KV DC, 12.5 KV AC voltage

Continuous rating 10 MW

Short term rating of 11 MW for 1 minute

GTO based, 18 pulse design

Can control MW and MVAR independently

Ideal for ESPSS test application

Required modification to accept input from the

ESPSS

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TYPICAL POWER SYSTEM

STABILIZERS (PSS)

Applied on electrical generating machines

Control terminal voltage oscillations of the generator through the excitation system

Control mostly the reactive power output of the generators

Have little impact on generator MW output

Have overall slow response because of large time constants of the machine excitation and field system

Have been successfully used for over 25 years

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ENERGY SOURCE POWER SYSTEM STABILIZER (ESPSS)

Can be installed on the PCS/SMES or other similar energy storage systems

Could also be used with HVDC systems

Can control MW and MVAR output

Could be applied on generating machines through the machine governor to damp inter area oscillations (0.25 - 0.8 HZ)

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ENERGY SOURCE POWER SYSTEM STABILIZER FOR BATTERY ENERGY

STORAGE SYSTEM

Control the PCS/battery power output

MW control has been designed on system frequency deviation

Existing 10 MW BESS will provide some system damping

Activates only when the frequency diviation exceeds the dead band (0.03 Hz)

Could also control reactive power output of PCS

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ENERGY SOURCE POWER SYSTEM STABILIZER PROJECT DETAILS

Installed on December 12, 1994

ESPSS Supplied by GE

PCS modified to except signals from ESPSS

PCS modifications required considerable expense

ESPSS has recorded several incidents including December 14, 1994 disturbance, but tripped on over frequency

PCS equipment has had several problems

12

ENERGY SOURCE POWER SYSTEM

STABILIZER SYSTEM PROGRESS

Battery and ESPSS were operational for last fifteen months (December 15, 94 to -March15, 96).

ESPSS performance was monitored and the ESPSS Gain & Time constants were optimized.

Application of ESPSS on generating machines is being investigated

Equipment for ESPSS on a generator governor has been developed and being installed.

13

ENERGY SOURCE POWER SYSTEM STABILIZER FIELD TEST RESULTS

ESPSS can regulate battery power output to damp inter-area oscillations

Would require larger size PCS for higher power transfer increase

10 MW BESS will provide some nominal damping

Tests confirm that ESPSS and the Battery respond fast enough at up to 1 HZ system

oscillations.

14

ENERGY SOURCE POWER SYSTEM STABILIZER FIELD TESTS

Were conducted in December, 94 and December 95.

Monitoring conducted during 1995 and 96.

ESPSS responds to system disturbances as desired.

Test results compare with the simulated results.

Marginal damping was achieved because of the

PCS size.

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AERIAL VIEW OF THE CHINO BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE

FACILITY

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ENERGY SOURCE POWER SYSTEM

STABILIZER IN THE PANEL

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BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM GRID INTERCONECTION

230kV Bus

To Mira Loma500kV/230kV

Substation

1 2 3

To San Onofre 23kVGenerating Station

To Serrano 500kV/230kV

Substation

66kV Bus66kV Bus

3A230/66kV

Bank

2A230/66kV

Bank

1A230/66kV

Bank

66kV Circuits66kVCircuits No. 5

66/12kVBank

No. 466/12kV

Bank

12kV Circuits

AC CircuitBreaker

PowerConditioning

SystemDC Batteries

2kV

PCSTransf.

18

19

POWER CONDITIONING SYSTEM FOR CHINO BATTERIES

Supplied by GE and installed in 1988

Designed for 2 KV DC, 12.5 KV AC voltage

Continuous rating 10 MW

Short term rating of 11 MW for 1 minute

GTO based, 18 pulse design

Can control MW and MVAR independently

Ideal for ESPSS test application

Required modification to accept input from the ESPSS

20

TYPICAL POWER SYSTEM STABILIZERS (PSS)

Applied on electrical generating machines

Control terminal voltage oscillations of the generator through the excitation system

Control mostly the reactive power output of the generators

Have little impact on generator MW output

Have overall slow response because of large time constants of the machine excitation and field system

Have been successfully used for over 25 years

21

ENERGY SOURCE POWER SYSTEM STABILIZER (ESPSS)

Can be installed on the PCS/SMES or other similar energy storage systems

Can be applied on generating machines through the machine governor to damp inter area oscillations (0.25 - 0.8 HZ)

Could also be used with HVDC systems

Can control MW and MVAR output

ENERGY SOURCE POWER SYSTEM STABILIZER FOR BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM

Control the PCS/battery power output

MW control has been designed on system frequency deviation

Existing 10 MW BESS will provide some system damping

Activates only when the frequency diviation exceeds the dead band (0.03 Hz)

Could also control reactive power output of PCS

22

ENERGY SOURCE POWER SYSTEM STABILIZER PROJECT DETAILS

Installed on December 12, 1994

ESPSS Supplied by GE

PCS modified to except signals from ESPSS

PCS modifications required considerable expense

ESPSS has recorded several incidents including December 14, 1994 disturbance, but tripped on over frequency

PCS equipment has had several problems

23

SCE 10 MW, 40 MWh Battery System

Layout at Chino Substation

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SCE 10 MW, 40 MWh Battery System A

Battery String in the East side Building

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SCE 10 MW, 40 MWh Battery System

A Power Conditioning System – Supplied by GE

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ENERGY SOURCE POWER SYSTEM

STABILIZER IN THE PANEL

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ENERGY SOURCE POWER SYSTEM STABILIZER FIELD TESTS*

Were conducted in December, 94 and December 95.

Monitoring conducted during 1995 and 96.

ESPSS responds to system disturbances as desired.

Test results compare with the simulated results.

Marginal damping was achieved because of the PCS size.

Reference:

* “Energy Source Power System Stabilizer Installation on the 10 MW Battery

Energy Storage System at Chino Substation” , presented at the IEEE Summer PES meeting held at Berlin, Germany from July 20-24, 1997.

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ESPSS PLOTS SHOWING THE FREQUENCY DEVIATION & THE PSS OUTPUT FOR

THE 14/12/94 WSCC SYSTEM DISTURBANCE

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POWER OUTPUT OF THE BESS FROM A SINUSOIDAL SIGNAL INPUT

TO ESPSS AT 0.05HZ

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ESPSS INPUT / OUTPUT FROM A

1.0 HZ INJECTION FREQUENCY SIGNAL

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POWER OUTPUT OF THE BESS FROM A SQUARE WAVE SIGNAL TO

THE ESPSS AT 0.25HZ

0

+10 MW

-10 MW

0

+10 Volts

-10 Volts

0 1 2 3 4

Seconds

Watts

Amps

Trigger

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ESPSS PLOTS FROM 12/14/94 DISTURBANCE CAUSED BY TRIPPING OF UNITS

AT IPP IN UTAH

ENERGY SOURCE POWER SYSTEM STABILIZER FIELD TEST RESULTS

ESPSS can regulate battery power output to damp inter-area oscillations

Would require larger size PCS for higher power transfer increase

10 MW BESS will provide some nominal damping

Tests confirm that ESPSS and the Battery respond fast enough at up to 1 HZ system oscillations.

34

ENERGY SOURCE POWER SYSTEM STABILIZER SYSTEM PROGRESS

Battery and ESPSS were operational for fifteen months (December 15, 94 to -March15, 96).

ESPSS performance was monitored and the ESPSS Gain & Time constants were optimized.

Application of ESPSS on generating machines was investigated and tests conducted

Equipment for ESPSS on a generator governor has been supplied and is being installed and tested

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Any Questions?