ENERGYS8P2. Students will be familiar with the forms and transformations of energy. a.Explain energy transformation in

terms of the Law of Conservation of Energy.

b.Explain the relationship between potential and kinetic energy.

c. Compare and contrast the different forms of

energy (heat, light, electricity, mechanical motion, sound) and their characteristics.

What is Energy?In science, energy is the ability to do work. Work is done when a force causes an object to move in the direction of the force.

The Law of Conservation of Energy

Energy CANNOT be created or destroyed, but it CAN change forms.

Types of EnergyThere are 2 main types of energy: Potential Energy and Kinetic Energy****************************************All forms of energy fall into one of these two categories.

There Are Seven Major Forms of Energy

Mechanical EnergyMechanical energy is the potential energy and the kinetic energy added together.

Sound EnergySound energy is caused by an object’s vibrations. When an object vibrates, its vibrations transmit through the air so that we can hear it from another location.

Chemical EnergyChemical energy is the energy of a compound that changes as its atoms are rearranged.

Electrical Energy

Electrical energy is the energy of moving electrons.

Light EnergyLight energy is produced by the vibrations of electrically charged particles.

Like sound vibrations, light vibrations cause energy to be transmitted.

Thermal EnergyThermal energy is all of the kinetic energy due to random motion of the particles that make up an object. Heat is thermal energy.

Nuclear EnergyNuclear energy, the energy that comes from changes in the nucleus of an atom.Fission is when the nucleus of an atom is split apart. Fusion is when the nucleus of two atoms are joined or “fused” together.

Also known as light energy.

ENERGY TRANSFORMATIONS

S8P2. Students will be familiar with the forms and transformations of energy. d. Describe how heat can be transferred through matter by the collisions of atoms (conduction) or through space (radiation). In a liquid or gas, currents will facilitate the transfer of heat (convection).

Thermal Energy or Heat

Heat moves from an object at a higher temperature to an object at a lower temperature.

REMEMBER…the less molecules (mass) in a given space (or volume) the less dense it

will be. Density=mass/volume

ConductionConduction is the transfer of thermal energy from one substance to another through direct contact.

ConvectionConvection is the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of a liquid or a gas.

Some Examples of Convection

Radiator Heater

Convection Oven

Ocean Currents

Heat Rises!

Convection CurrentsThe vertical movement of air or liquid

currents due to temperature variations.

Example of Convection in Nature

Tempest in a Teapot: How Convection Brews a Storm - YouTube

RadiationRadiation is the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves, such as visible light and infrared waves.

The Electromagnetic Spectrum