energy drinks specification...act, cap. 254 of the laws of kenya. note 2 1 gas volume eqv to 1.966...
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KENYA STANDARD DKS 1054-1:2020
ICS 67.160.20
Sixth Edition
© KEBS 2020
Energy drinks — Specification
Part 1:
Ready-to-drink energy drinks
APPROVED 2019-10-15
DKS 1054-1:2020
ii © KEBS 2020 – All rights reserved
TECHNICAL COMMITTEE REPRESENTATION
The following organizations were represented on the Technical Committee:
Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology
Coca Cola Central East and West Africa Ltd.
Kenya Industrial Research and Development Institute (KIRDI)
Government Chemist’s Department
Kenyatta National Hospital — Department of Nutrition
Consumer Information Network
Ministry of Health — Division of Food Safety
Excel Chemicals Ltd ― Foods Division
Kenafric Industries Ltd.
Kevian Kenya Ltd.
Victoria Juices Ltd.
Aquamist Ltd.
Patco Industries Ltd.
Kenya Bureau of Standards — Secretariat
REVISION OF KENYA STANDARDS
In order to keep abreast of progress in industry, Kenya Standards shall be regularly reviewed. Suggestions for
improvements to published standards, addressed to the Managing Director, Kenya Bureau of Standards, are
welcome.
© Kenya Bureau of Standards 2019
Copyright. Users are reminded that by virtue of Section 25 of the Copyright Act, Cap. 130 of 2001 of the Laws of Kenya, copyright subsists
in all Kenya Standards and except as provided under Section 25 of this Act, no Kenya Standard produced by Kenya Bureau of Standards
may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system in any form or transmitted by any means without prior permission in writing from the
Managing Director.
KENYA STANDARD KS 1054-1:2020
ICS 67.160.20
Sixth Edition
© KEBS 2020– All rights reserved iii
Energy drinks — Specification
Part 1:
Ready-to-drink energy drinks
Kenya Bureau of Standards, Popo Road, Off Mombasa Road, P.O. Box 54974 - 00200, Nairobi, Kenya
+254 020 6948000, + 254 722202137, + 254 734600471
@KEBS_ke
kenya bureau of standards (kebs)
DKS 1054-1:2020
iv © KEBS 2020 – All rights reserved
Foreword
This Kenya Standard has been prepared by the Water Based Flavoured Drinks and Ices Technical Committee under the guidance of the Standards Projects Committee, and it is in accordance with the procedures of the Kenya Bureau of Standards.
This standard stipulates the essential compositional, quality, microbiological, contaminants and labelling requirements for ready to drink energy drinks defined in the standard.
This standard has been developed because the importation, local production and consumption of energy drinks by Kenyans is high and continues to rise, and thus there is need to regulate the industry and ensure quality and safety of the product so as to guarantee health and safety of the consumers.
During the preparation of this standard, reference was made to the following document:
Food, Drugs and Chemical Substances Act, Cap 254 of the Laws of Kenya
Acknowledgement is hereby made for the assistance derived from this source.
KENYA STANDARD DKS 1054-1:2020
© KEBS 2020 – All rights reserved 1
Energy drinks — Specification — Part 1: Ready-to-drink energy drinks
1 Scope
This Kenya Standard specifies the requirements for ready-to-drink energy drinks.
This standard does not apply to drinks meant for convalescents and inactive people. It also does not apply to
cereal malt based energy drinks, electrolytic and sports drinks.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
AOAC 979.08, Benzoate, Caffeine and Saccharin in Soda. Beverages. — Liquid Chromatographic Method
AOAC 994.11, Benzoic Acid in Orange Juice — Liquid Chromatographic Method
BS EN 1132, Method determination of the pH-value of fruit and vegetable juices
KS CODEX STAN 192, General standard for food additives
KS EAS 38, Labelling of pre-packaged foods — General requirements
KS EAS 39, Hygiene in the food and drink manufacturing industry — Code of practice
KS EAS 350, Hard-boiled sweets — Specification
KS EAS 803, Nutrition labelling — Requirements
KS EAS 804, Claims — General requirements
KS EAS 805, Use of nutrition and health claims — Requirements
KS ISO 2173, Fruit and vegetable products — Determination of soluble solids — Refractometric method
KS ISO 2447, Fruit and vegetable products — Determination of tin content
KS ISO 4833-1, Microbiology of the food chain — Horizontal method for the enumeration of microorganisms —
Part 1: Colony count at 30 degrees C by the pour plate technique
KS ISO 6579-1, Microbiology of the food chain — Horizontal method for the detection, enumeration and
serotyping of Salmonella — Part 1: Detection of Salmonella spp.
KS ISO 6633, Fruits, vegetables and derived products — Determination of lead content — Flameless atomic absorption spectrometric method
KS ISO 6634, Fruits, vegetables and derived products — Determination of arsenic content — Silver diethyldithiocarbamate spectrophotometric method
2 © KEBS:2020: – All rights reserved
KS ISO 6888-1, Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs — Horizontal method for the enumeration of
coagulase-positive staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus and other species) — Part 1: Technique using Baird-
Parker agar medium
KS ISO 7251, Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs — Horizontal method for the detection and
enumeration of presumptive Escherichia coli — Most probable number technique
KS ISO 21527-1, Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs — Horizontal method for the enumeration of
yeasts and moulds — Part 1: Colony count technique in products with water activity greater than 0.95
Public Health Act, Cap. 242 and the Food,
Drugs and Chemical Substances Act, Cap. 254 of the Laws of Kenya.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
energy drink
type of drink presented as "energy", but distinct from food energy. They may or may not be caffeinated and/or
carbonated and may also contain sugar or other approved sweeteners, including approved non-nutritive
sweeteners, alone or in combination, herbal extracts, taurine, amino acids and other permitted food additives.
NOTE Food energy is energy derived from carbohydrates, fats, proteins and other organic compounds.
3.2
glucose
is refined D-glucose, obtained by controlled hydrolysis of starch containing materials
3.3
glucose-based energy drinks
the aqueous solution of glucose mixed with approved food additives
3.4
caffeine
all caffeine present from whatever source in a formulated caffeinated beverage
3.5
caffeinated beverage
energy drink which contains caffeine and may contain amino acids, vitamins, sugars, other sweeteners and
other substances, including other foods for the purpose of enhancing energy and mental performance
4 Types of energy drinks
Energy drinks shall be either
a) glucose based energy drinks;
b) caffeinated energy drinks with sugar; or
c) caffeinated energy drinks sugar free.
DKS 1054-1:2020
© KEBS 2020– All rights reserved 3
5 Requirements
5.1 Optional ingredients
Optional ingredients specified in Table 1 may be used in ready-to-drink energy drinks provided that the
maximum amounts stipulated shall not be exceeded when tested in accordance with the relevant AOAC test
methods.
Table 1 — Optional ingredients for ready-to-drink energy drinks
S/N Substance Amount/100 ml, max.
Test method
i. Thiamine 1.2 mg
Relevant AOAC method
ii. Riboflavin 1.2 mg
iii. Niacin (mg-NE) 15.0 mg
iv. Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) 1.3 mg
v. Vitamin B12 2.4 µg
vi. Pantothenic acid 5.0 mg
vii. Taurine 400.0 mg
viii. Glucuronolactone 240.0 mg
ix. Inisitol 20.0 mg
5.2 General requirements
5.2.1 Ready-to-drink energy drinks shall be free from contaminants such as dirt, extraneous or suspended
matter.
5.2.2 (Ready-to-drink energy drinks shall be non-alcoholic carbonated or non-carbonated drink containing
carbohydrates derivative(s) dissolved in potable water, with or without the addition of the optional ingredients
provided for in this standard with a minimum energy density of 167.4 kj /100 ml. and a maximum of 325 kj/100
ml.
NOTE 1 Kilojoule (kJ) is equivalent to 0.239 calories (kcal).
5.2.3 Caffeinated beverage/energy drink in addition to complying with 5.2.2, shall contain no less than 14.5
mg/100 ml and no more than 32 mg/100 ml of caffeine.
5.2.4 Ready-to-drink energy drinks shall have acceptable flavour and odour and shall be free from rancid,
musty or any other foreign taste characteristic of spoilage.
5.2.5 Sugar free, means energy drink which contains not more than 0.25 % glycogenic carbohydrates.
5.3 Specific requirements
Ready-to-drink energy drinks shall comply with the specific requirements given in Table 2, when tested in
accordance with the test methods specified therein.
4 © KEBS:2020: – All rights reserved
Table 2 — Specific requirements for ready-to-drink energy drinks
S/N Characteristic Requirement Test method
i. Degree brix (oB) at 20 °C a 10.0 – 20.0 KS ISO 2173
ii. pH 2.6 – 4.0 BS EN 1132
iii. Carbon dioxide b, gas volume min. 1 Annex A
iv. Sulphur dioxide mg/kg, max. 100.0 Pearson’s –Tanner method
v. Dextrose equivalent % m/m, min. c 20 Annex B
vi. Benzoic acid, mg/kg, max. 250 AOAC 994.11
vii. Caffeine d, mg/100 ml 14.5 – 32.0 AOAC 979.08
viii. Sugar free (glycogenic carbohydrates) e Brix max.
0.25 KS ISO 2173
a Does not apply to sugar free or reduced sugar energy drinks.
b Applies to the carbonated energy drinks.
c Applies to glucose based energy drinks.
d Applies to caffeinated energy drinks.
e Applies to sugar free energy drinks.
NOTE 1 Reduced calorie energy drinks, shall comply with the requirements of Food, Drugs and Chemical Substances
Act, Cap. 254 of the Laws of Kenya.
NOTE 2 1 Gas volume eqv to 1.966 g/l of CO2.
6 Hygiene
6.1 Ready-to-drink energy drinks shall be processed, packaged, stored and distributed under hygienic
conditions in accordance with KS EAS 39, the Public Health Act, Cap. 242 and the Food, Drugs and Chemical
Substances Act, Cap. 254 of the Laws of Kenya.
6.2 Ready-to-drink energy drinks shall comply with the microbiological limits given in Table 3, when tested in
accordance with the test methods prescribed therein.
Table 3 — Microbiological limits for ready-to-drink energy drinks
S/N Characteristic Limit Test method
i. Total viable counts cfu/ml, max. 100 KS ISO 4833-1
ii. Eschirichia coli cfu/ml Not detected KS ISO 7251
iii. Salmonella, per 25 ml Absent KS ISO 6579-1
iv. Coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus cfu/ ml.
Not detected KS ISO 6888-1
v. Yeasts and moulds cfu/ml, max. 10 KS ISO 21527-1
7 Heavy metal contaminants
DKS 1054-1:2020
© KEBS 2020– All rights reserved 5
Ready-to-drink energy drinks shall comply with the heavy metal limits specified in Table 4 When tested in
accordance with the test methods specified therein.
Table 4 — Heavy metal limits for ready-to-drink energy drinks
S/N Contaminant, ppm, max.
Limit Test method
i. Lead 0.1 KS ISO 6633
ii. Tin 150 KS ISO 2447
iii. Arsenic 0.1 KS ISO 6634
8 Food additives
Ready to drink energy drinks may contain only permitted additives in accordance with KS CODEX STAN 192.
9 Packaging
9.1 Ready-to-drink energy drinks shall be packaged in containers of food grade material that will protect the
product from chemical, physical and microbiological contaminations.
9.2 The container shall be tamper-evident.
9.3 The fill of the container shall be in accordance with the Weights and Measures Act, Cap. 513 of the Laws
of Kenya.
10 Labelling
10.1 General
The labelling of ready-to-drink energy drinks shall comply with KS EAS 38, KS EAS 803, KS EAS 804 and KS
EAS 805. In addition, the following information shall be legibly and indelibly marked on the container. These
requirements shall also apply to bulk packages:
a) name of the product as defined in Clause 4;
b) brand name/ trade name;
c) name, location and physical address of the manufacturer;
d) country of origin;
e) ingredients in descending order of proportions;
f) declaration of the nutritional information;
g) date of manufacture;
h) expiry date;
i) batch/ lot number;
j) storage condition;
6 © KEBS:2020: – All rights reserved
k) net volume (in metric units); and
l) recommended servings per day.
10.2 Additional labelling requirements
10.2.1 The following designations shall be used where applicable:
a) When food additive sweeteners are employed as substitutes for sugars in energy drinks, the statement, “with sweetener(s),” shall be included in conjunction with or in close proximity to the product name;
b) If non-nutritive sweetener is used, the following words “contains non-nutritive sweetener for special dietary use” shall be declared on the label in close proximity; and
c) The name and type of non-nutritive sweeteners used shall be indicated in the label.
10.2.2 The following additional information shall also be included on the label of ready-to-drink energy drinks
whose formulation includes caffeine:
a) advisory statement to the effect that
1) the drink contains caffeine, and
2) the drink is not recommended for children, expectant/ breastfeeding women and individuals sensitive to caffeine.
b) declarations of the average quantities, per serving size and per 100 ml of
1) caffeine expressed in milligrams, and
2) the substances permitted as optional ingredients.
10.2.3 The quantities of vitamins present in the drink shall not be expressed as a portion or multiple of:
a) recommended dietary intakes or
b) estimated safe and adequate daily intakes of that vitamin.
DKS 1054-1:2020
© KEBS 2020– All rights reserved 7
Annex A
(normative)
Method of measuring gas volume
A.1 Principle
A.1.1 The method involves snifting of the top gas. The pressure reading should drop to 2 psi, to remove the
air before testing for carbon dioxide volume. In so doing correction of altitude as per table should be considered
as pressure is affected by altitude.
A.1.2 The apparatus consists of pressure gauge having a hollow spike with holes in its side. The bottle is
inserted from the side into the slot provided in the neck of the carbon dioxide tester and is secured in place by
tightening with a threaded system. The pressure gauge is inserted until the needle point touches the crown cork.
There is a snift valve on the gauge stem which is kept closed until the needle point of the pressure gauge is
forced through the crown cork. The reading is noted on the gauge.
A.2 Procedure
Clamp the bottle in the frame of the gas volume tester. Pierce the crown cork but do not shake the bottle. Snift
off the top gas quickly until the gauge reading drops to zero. Make certain to close the valve instantly the needle
touches zero in the pressure gauge. Shake the bottle vigorously until the gauge gives the reading that additional
shaking does not change. Record the pressure. Note the temperature and record. Obtain the volume of gas
from pressure-temperature chart (carbon dioxide chart).
Annex B
DEXTROSE EQUIVALENT
PRINCIPLE
Methods most commonly used for estimation of aldose-type sugars are based on their reducing action toward
certain metallic salts. In the following procedure dextrose, maltose and related sugars contained in the sample
reduce copper sulfate in an alkaline tartrate system (Fehling's Solution). Dextrose equivalent is defined as
"reducing sugars expressed as dextrose and calculated as a percentage of the dry substance."
SCOPE
The method is applicable to crude and refined corn sugars, corn syrups and all starch hydrolyzates prepared
by acid or enzyme conversion and combinations thereof. This method can be used for the analysis of starch
molasses. (Note1)
It is not applicable to syrups containing fructose or invert sugar. (Note2)
SPECIAL APPARATUS
Titrating Assembly: Mount a ring support on a ringstand 1-2 ins. above a gas burner and a second ring 6-7 ins.
above the first. Place a 6 in. open wire gauze on the lower ring to support a 200 mL Erlenmeyer flask and a 4
in. watch glass with center hole on the upper ring to deflect heat. Attach a 25 mL buret to the ringstand so that
8 © KEBS:2020: – All rights reserved
the tip just passes through the watch glass centered above the flask (funnel top buret with diagonal TEFLON
Plug, KIMAX No. 17055F recommended). Place an indirectly lighted white surface behind the assembly for
observing the end point.
REAGENTS
1. Fehling's Solution:
A. Dissolve 34.64 g of reagent grade crystalline copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4•5H2O) in purified water
and dilute to 500 mL volume.
B. Dissolve 173 g of reagent grade potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate (KnaC4H4O6•4H2O) and 50 g of
reagent grade sodium hydroxide (NaOH) in purified water and dilute to 500 mL volume. Measure a quantity of
Solution A, add an equal quantity of Solution B, and mix (Note 3). Standardize as follows, immediately prior to
use: Dry a quantity of National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) dextrose in a vacuum oven at 70
°C for 4 hrs. Dissolve 3.000 g in purified water, dilute to 500 mL volume and mix thoroughly. Pipet 25.0 mL of
mixed Fehling's Solution into a 200 mL Erlenmeyer flask that contains a few glass beads, and titrate with the
standard dextrose solution as directed under procedure. Adjust concentration of Fehling's Solution A by dilution
or addition of copper sulfate so that the titration requires 20.0 mL of the 0.6% standard dextrose solution.
2. Methylene Blue Indicator: 1% aqueous solution
PROCEDURE
Weigh accurately an amount of sample such that after dilution the solution contains about 0.6% reducing sugars
(Note 4). Transfer the sample quantitatively to a 500 mL volumetric flask with the aid of hot water, cool to room
temperature, dilute to volume and mix thoroughly. Pipet 25.0 mL of standardized mixed Fehling's Solution into
a 200 mL Erlenmeyer flask and add a few glass beads. Add the sample solution by means of the buret to within
0.5 mL of the anticipated end point (determined by preliminary titration). Immediately place the flask on the wire
gauze of the titration assembly, and adjust the burner so that the boiling point will be reached in about 2 mins.
Bring to boil and boil gently for 2 mins. As boiling continues, add 2 drops of methylene blue indicator and
complete the titration within 1 min. by adding sample solution dropwise or in small increments until the blue
color disappears (Note 5).
Determine the dry substance concentration of the sample by an approved procedure.
CALCULATION
(Sample Titer, mL)(Sample Wt., g)
% Reducing Sugars (asis, calc.as dextrose)=(500𝑚𝐿)(0.1200)(100)
(𝑆𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑇𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟.𝑀𝑙)(𝑆𝑎𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑊𝑡.𝑔)
Dextrose Equivalent=(% 𝑅𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑆𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑟𝑠)(100)
%𝐷𝑟𝑦 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
DKS 1054-1:2020
© KEBS 2020– All rights reserved 9
NOTES AND PRECAUTIONS
1. starch is defined as molasses "the by-product of the manufacture of dextrose from starch derived from corn
or grain sorghums in which the starch is hydrolyzed by use of enzymes and/or acid."
2. Pure D-fructose responds to Fehling solution differently from D-glucose and its oligo- and polysaccharides.
The method may be standardized against a mixture of saccharides of similar composition to the test sample
and the results may be expressed as mg reducing sugars in the sample.
3. Fehling's Solution in mixed form is relatively unstable but may be retained up to 1 week if standardization is
confirmed before using.
4. In the analysis of refined sugars, use 3 g of sample dry substance. For other sample types, including starch
molasses, calculate approximate sample weight using the following formula:
Sample Weight=(3𝑔)(100)(100)
(𝐴𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝐷.𝐸.)(%𝐷𝑟𝑦 𝑆𝑢𝑏𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒)
Concentration should be such that sample titer is near 20 mL, but should not exceed limits of 15 and 25
mL. Inter- and intralaboratory precision is improved by adjusting all sample concentrations to provide titers
between 19 and 21 mL.
5. When approaching the end point, allow about 5 secs. reaction time between additions of sample solution.
METHOD HISTORY
Combined the Dextrose Equivalent (Lane and Eynon) methods for Corn Syrup (E-26) and Corn Sugar (F-22)
on 4-15-2010.
Corn Syrup, Dextrose Equivalent (Lane and Eynon) (E-26), Date of Acceptance 5-27-1968, Revised 7-9-1993.
Corn Sugar, Dextrose Equivalent (Lane and Eynon) (F-22), Date of Acceptance 3-20-1972, Revised 2-27-1996.
DKS 1054-1:2020
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