energy demand and supply
TRANSCRIPT
1990 1995
PJ % PJ %SourcePetroleum Products 414 74.9 676 72.8
45.7 8.3 81.1 8.7Electricity 71.8 13.0 141.3 15.2Coal & Coke 21.5 3.9 29.8 3.2Total 553 100 928.2 100Per Capita Consumption (GJ) 29.9 44.3Source of compilation: Malaysia Seventh (1996-2000), Eighth (2001-2005) and Ninth (2006-2010) Plan, Economic Planning Unit (EPU), Malaysia
Table 2: Final Commercial Energy Demand by Sector
1990 1995
PJ % PJ %Sector
213.5 38.6 337.5 36.4Transport 220.9 39.9 327.8 35.3Residential & Commercial 67.3 12.2 118.8 12.8
18.5 3.3 125.4 13.5Agriculture & Forestry 32.8 5.9 18.7 2.0Total 553 100.0 928.2 100.0Source for compilation: Malaysia Seventh (1996-2000), Eighth (2001-2005) and Ninth (2006-2010) Plan, Economic Planning Unit (EPU), Malaysia
1990 1995
PJ % PJ %SourceCrude Oil & Petroleum Products 520.2 71.4 702.2 54.3
114.4 15.7 459.5 35.5Hydro 38.3 5.3 64.5 5.0
Table 1: Final Commercial Energy Demand1 By Source
Natural Gas2
1 Refers to the quantity of commercial energy delivered to final consumers but excludes gas, coal and fuel oil used in electricity generation2 Includes natural gas used as fuel and feedstock consumed by the non-electricity sector
Industrial1
Non-Energy2
1 Includes manufacturing, construction and mining2 Includes natural gas, bitumen, asphalt, lubricants, industrial feedstock and grease
Table 3: Primary Commercial Energy Supply1 by Source
Natural Gas2
Coal & Coke 55.5 7.6 67.5 5.2Total 728.4 100 1293.7 100.0Source for compilation: Malaysia Seventh (1996-2000), Eighth (2001-2005) and Ninth (2006-2010) Plan, Economic Planning Unit (EPU), Malaysia
Non-commercial energy such as biomass and solar have been excluded
1 Refers to the supply of commercial energy that has not undergone a transformation process to produce energy.
2 Excludes flared gas, reinjected gas and exports of liquefied natural gas
2000 2005 2010
PJ % PJ % PJ % 1990 1995
Industry E 213.5 337.5
820 65.9 1023.1 62.7 1372.9 61.9 GJ/Capita 29.9 44.3
161.8 13.0 246.6 15.1 350 15.8 Energy De 553 928.2
220.4 17.7 310 19.0 420 18.941.5 3.3 52 3.2 75 3.4
1243.7 100 1631.7 100 2217.9 10052.9 62.2 76.5
Source of compilation: Malaysia Seventh (1996-2000), Eighth (2001-2005) and Ninth (2006-2010) Plan, Economic Planning Unit (EPU), Malaysia
2000 2005 2010
PJ % PJ % PJ %
477.6 38.4 630.7 38.7 859.9 38.8
505.5 40.6 661.3 40.5 911.7 41.1162 13.0 213 13.1 284.9 12.8
94.2 7.6 118.7 7.3 144.7 6.5
4.4 0.4 8 0.5 16.7 0.81243.7 100 1631.7 100 2217.9 100
Source for compilation: Malaysia Seventh (1996-2000), Eighth (2001-2005) and Ninth (2006-2010) Plan, Economic Planning Unit (EPU), Malaysia
2000 2005 2010
PJ % PJ % PJ %
988.1 49.3 1181.2 46.8 1400 44.8
845.6 42.2 1043.9 41.3 1300 41.6
104.1 5.2 230 9.1 350 11.2
Refers to the quantity of commercial energy delivered to final consumers but excludes gas, coal and fuel oil used in electricity generation
Includes natural gas used as fuel and feedstock consumed by the non-electricity sector
65.3 3.3 71 2.8 77.7 2.52003.1 100.0 2526.1 100.0 3127.7 100.0
Source for compilation: Malaysia Seventh (1996-2000), Eighth (2001-2005) and Ninth (2006-2010) Plan, Economic Planning Unit (EPU), Malaysia
Refers to the supply of commercial energy that has not undergone a transformation process to produce energy.
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025190
290
390
490
590
690
790
890
990
1090
Figure 4: Energy Demand Estimates with EET Impact from 2010 to 2020
Industry Energy Demand, PJ Linear (Industry Energy Demand, PJ) EE1 Impact on Industry (PA)Year
Ener
gy, P
J
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025190
290
390
490
590
690
790
890
990
1090
Figure 4: Energy Demand Estimates with EET Impact from 2010 to 2020
Industry Energy Demand, PJ Linear (Industry Energy Demand, PJ) EE1 Impact on Industry (PA)Year
Ener
gy, P
J
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 1990 1995 2000 2005
477.6 630.7 859.9 L1 186.8 345.4 504 662.6
52.9 62.2 76.5 E1 26.7 -7.9 -26.4 -31.9
1243.7 1631.7 2217.9 L2 31.78 42.89 54 65.11
E2 -1.88 1.41 -1.1 -2.91
L3 500.4 903.7 1307 1710.3
E3 52.6 24.5 -63.3 -78.6
Industry EGJ/Capita
Energy DeEE Impact
1
1980 1985 1990 1995 1996 1997 1998
Phillipines 175 149 130 175 170 85 95
Thailand 149 100 100 135 140 140 130
Malaysia 220 205 200 165 170 168 190
Vietnam 390 375 330 300
Indonesia 250 220 198 125 175 150 165
1980 1985 1990 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20000
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Figure 1: Industrial Fuel Intensity in Selected ASEAN Countries 1980-2000
Phillipines
Thailand
Malaysia
Vietnam
Indonesia
Year
toe
/GD
P In
du
stri
al 1
99
5 U
S M
illio
n
1990 1995
Industry E 213.5 337.5
EE1 Impact 213.5 337.5
EE2 Impact 213.5 337.5
EE3 Impact 213.5 337.5
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025190
290
390
490
590
690
790
890
990
1090
Figure 4: Energy Demand Estimates with EET Impact from 2010 to 2020
Industry Energy Demand, PJ Linear (Industry Energy Demand, PJ) EE1 Impact on Industry (PA)Year
Ener
gy, P
J
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025190
290
390
490
590
690
790
890
990
1090
Figure 4: Energy Demand Estimates with EET Impact from 2010 to 2020
Industry Energy Demand, PJ Linear (Industry Energy Demand, PJ) EE1 Impact on Industry (PA)Year
Ener
gy, P
J
2010 2015 2020
821.2 979.8 1138.4 x 1
38.7 -979.8 -1138.4 y 2
76.22 87.33 98.44
0.28 -87.33 -98.44
2113.6 2516.9 2920.2
104.3 -2516.9 -2920.2
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
213.5 337.5 477.6 630.7 859.9 979.8 1138.429.9 44.3 52.9 62.2 76.5 87.33 98.44
553 928.2 1243.7 1631.7 2217.9 2516.9 2920.2213.5 337.5 477.6 630.7 802.62 922.52 1081.12
Industry consumes 60% of total energy demand; 50% from electricity and 39% from primary energy. Electricity generation consumes 30% of primary energy.
1999 2000
93 75
127 120
168 160
290 290
175 180
±2~5%
±5~6%
±5%
1980 1985 1990 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20000
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
Figure 1: Industrial Fuel Intensity in Selected ASEAN Countries 1980-2000
Phillipines
Thailand
Malaysia
Vietnam
Indonesia
Year
toe
/GD
P In
du
stri
al 1
99
5 U
S M
illio
n
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
477.6 630.7 859.9 979.8 1138.4
477.6 630.7 802.6 922.5 1081.1
477.6 630.7 800.0 919.9 1078.5
477.6 630.7 750.0 869.9 1028.5
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 20250
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Figure 3: Energy Demand Estimates (without EET ) from 2010 to 2020
Industry Energy Demand, PJ Linear (Industry Energy Demand, PJ)Year
Ener
gy, P
J
GJ
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025190
290
390
490
590
690
790
890
990
1090
Figure 4: Energy Demand Estimates with EET Impact from 2010 to 2020
Industry Energy Demand, PJ Linear (Industry Energy Demand, PJ) EE1 Impact on Industry (PA)Year
Ener
gy, P
J
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025190
290
390
490
590
690
790
890
990
1090
Figure 4: Energy Demand Estimates with EET Impact from 2010 to 2020
Industry Energy Demand, PJ Linear (Industry Energy Demand, PJ) EE1 Impact on Industry (PA)Year
Ener
gy, P
J
2 3 4 5 6 7 8
4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Industry consumes 60% of total energy demand; 50% from electricity and 39% from primary energy. Electricity generation consumes 30% of primary energy.
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20150
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
f(x) = 80.666 x − 160017.1R² = 0.985390549843569
f(x) = 31.72 x − 62936.16R² = 0.984395263511689
f(x) = 2.222 x − 4390.84R² = 0.990569565803584
Figure 2: Energy Demand Curve (without EET) from 1990 to 2010
Industry Energy Demand, PJ Linear (Industry Energy Demand, PJ)Year
Ener
gy, P
J
GJ
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20150
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
f(x) = 80.666 x − 160017.1R² = 0.985390549843569
f(x) = 31.72 x − 62936.16R² = 0.984395263511689
f(x) = 2.222 x − 4390.84R² = 0.990569565803584
Figure 2: Energy Demand Curve (without EET) from 1990 to 2010
Industry Energy Demand, PJ Linear (Industry Energy Demand, PJ)Year
Ener
gy, P
J
GJ
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 20250
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Figure 3: Energy Demand Estimates (without EET ) from 2010 to 2020
Industry Energy Demand, PJ Linear (Industry Energy Demand, PJ)Year
Ener
gy, P
J
GJ
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025190
290
390
490
590
690
790
890
990
1090
Figure 4: Energy Demand Estimates with EET Impact from 2010 to 2020
Industry Energy Demand, PJ Linear (Industry Energy Demand, PJ) EE1 Impact on Industry (PA)Year
Ener
gy, P
J
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025190
290
390
490
590
690
790
890
990
1090
Figure 4: Energy Demand Estimates with EET Impact from 2010 to 2020
Industry Energy Demand, PJ Linear (Industry Energy Demand, PJ) EE1 Impact on Industry (PA)Year
Ener
gy, P
J
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20150
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
f(x) = 80.666 x − 160017.1R² = 0.985390549843569
f(x) = 31.72 x − 62936.16R² = 0.984395263511689
f(x) = 2.222 x − 4390.84R² = 0.990569565803584
Figure 2: Energy Demand Curve (without EET) from 1990 to 2010
Industry Energy Demand, PJ Linear (Industry Energy Demand, PJ)Year
Ener
gy, P
J
GJ
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 20150
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
f(x) = 80.666 x − 160017.1R² = 0.985390549843569
f(x) = 31.72 x − 62936.16R² = 0.984395263511689
f(x) = 2.222 x − 4390.84R² = 0.990569565803584
Figure 2: Energy Demand Curve (without EET) from 1990 to 2010
Industry Energy Demand, PJ Linear (Industry Energy Demand, PJ)Year
Ener
gy, P
J
GJ
1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 20250
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Figure 3: Energy Demand Estimates (without EET ) from 2010 to 2020
Industry Energy Demand, PJ Linear (Industry Energy Demand, PJ)Year
Ener
gy, P
J
GJ
Table 5: Applicable Energy Efficient Technology for Malaysian Industry (MIEEIP Model)
No. Sector1 Cement
2 Ceramic3 Food
4 Glass
5 Iron & Steel
6 Pulp & Pape
7 Rubber
8 Wood
Table 5: Applicable Energy Efficient Technology for Malaysian Industry (MIEEIP Model)
Energy Saving ApplicationHigh insulating bricks in rotary kiln burning zone; and/orRotary kiln combustion control and management systemCeramic recuperator in sanitary ware muffle kilnCompact immersion tube juice pasteurisation; and/orMechanical vapour recompression evaporatorEnergy efficient food blanching through steam recirculationElectric heating or glass furnace forehearth; and/orExternal sprayed-applied insulating fibers for furnace refrigeratorUse of low excess air recuperative burners; and/orImproved ladle drying and preheating in small foundariesRadio frequency dryingImproved paper drying systemDrying air recirculation; and/orInsulation jackets for rubber injection press moldFlash steam and condensate recovery; and/orAutomatic solid fuel feeding and combustion systemWood dust burning system
Table 6: Energy Efficient Application in MIEEIP Industry Model (Case Studies)
Plant 1:Product:Capacity:Sub-sector:Energy Efficient Application:
Total Energy SavingTotal Cost Saving
Plant 2:Product:Capacity:Sub-sectorEnergy Efficient Application:
Total Energy SavingWater SavingTotal Cost SavingSource: MIEEIP, PTM
Table 6: Energy Efficient Application in MIEEIP Industry Model (Case Studies)
Cargill Palm Products Sdn Bhd Plant 3:Refined palm oil Product:450 kMTA Capacity:Food Sub-sector:Heat Recovery System Energy Efficient Application:Process control of Stearin Hold-up Tank heatingBoiler fuel switching to Natural GasOther maintenance activities (non-related)24,522 GJ/annum Total Energy SavingUSD 0.546 million/annum Total Cost Saving
JG Container Sdn Bhd Plant 4:Glass container Product:120 MTD Capacity:Glass Sub-sectorReplacement of 1970's with new glass furnace Energy Efficient Application:Annealing lehrs replaced with energy efficient LPG/NG fired lehrRecycle of cullet washing water60,100 GJ/annum Total Energy Saving8,250 m3/annum Fuel SavingUSD 0.514 milliom/annum Total Cost Saving
Pan-Century Edible OilsRefined Palm Oil1000 kMTAFoodSteam system optimization (using vacuum pump, pressure regulating valves, etc.)High efficiency motorsCooling tower modifications for thermal efficiency35,000 GJ/annumUSD 0.285 million/annum
Malayawata Sdn BhdSteel700 kMTAIron & SteelTwo stage recuperator installationVSD for process cooling water pumpReheating furnace burner fuel atomisationFuel pre-hetaing using flue gas19,724 GJ/annum2,210 T/annumUSD 0.572 million/annum
Table 6: Potential Energy and Cost Saving Identified from the Factories Audited Under the MIEEIP, Malaysia 2004
Sectors Food Wood
Annual Energy Consumption (GJ/annum) 1,835,430 1,031,528 12,067 3,861
Total Energy Savings (Total GJ/annum) 373,587 360,561 2,433 1,486
Source of Data: PTM Findings of the Energy Audits
Table 7: List of EE Project for Second Phase of MIEEIP's Demonstration Project
Project Sector Energy Saving (annual)Energy GJ
Boiler economiser & waste heat recovery Food 167,087Electrode Regulating System for EAF Iron & Steel 26,222Energy Leakage Reduction Cement 9,180Gob monitoring & fuel substitution Glass 1,780Improve in fractionation plant cooling Food 1,900Steam absorption chiller Pulp & Paper 13,116Diesel generator flue gas drying Wood 39,955Low thermal kiln Ceramic 16,107Total 275,347Source: Reference (8)
Annual Energy Cost ('000 USD1/annum)
Total Cost Saving ('000 USD1/annum)
1 1USD = RM 3.5
Table 6: Potential Energy and Cost Saving Identified from the Factories Audited Under the MIEEIP, Malaysia 2004
Ceramic Cement Glass Rubber Pulp & Paper
774,061 21,556,595 4,000,370 611,307 5,080,208 6,875 58,328 27,951 4,831 24,057 155,356 345,508 104,095 162,472 811,547 1,712 9,643 710 1,232 5,648
Energy Saving (annual)Energy Cost USD 620,000 3,123,429 257,143 400,571 111,429 213,143 284,571 137,143 5,147,429
Iron & TotalSteel
4,223,247 39,112,746 45,752 183,721 270,053 2,583,179 1,499 24,363
Using Pareto Analysis
33740
Number of consumers audited 43
0.365 PJAPercentage of this consumer 0.127 %Saving from 20% of the Industry 57.28 PJA Electricity
Simple Ratio MethodTotal Energy Consumed by 43 Consumers 39.11 PJATotal Energy Demand by Industry 630 PJA
6.824 PJATotal potential saving 109.92 PJA
PJA - Peta Joule per Annum
1 Total Consumer of Energy in Industry (Electrical Cons.)
Pareto Rule: 80% of inefficient use of energy in industry is caused by 20% of the energy consumer
2 Energy saving reported in the Audit (for electricity)
2 Energy Saving reported in the Audit (Total)
2 Based on reference (8)1 0.5 % of Electricity Consumer - Refer Chart 5 & 6
