endoplasmic reticulum organelles cell wall rigid structure surrounding the cell. made of cellulose
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Chloroplast
Found only in plant cells Where photosynthesis occurs. Contains chlorophyll
Takes in the light energy from the sun to change water and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen
Mitochondria
Produces energy so the cell can carry out functions.
Also called the “powerhouse of the cell”
Where cellular respiration occurs
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Transport system of proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another
Simple
Algae- simple plants with no roots, stems, or leaves
3 groups of algae Chlorphyta: green algae Phaeophyta: brown algae Rhodophyta: red algae
Non-Vascular Plants
Plants have leaves and stems, but no real roots.
Do not conduct water and nutrients. Classification of plants that mosses,
hornworts, and liverworts is generally referred to as bryophyta.
Moss
Small flowerless plant that grows in damp locations
Reproduce via spores, not seeds Simple leaves attached to a
differentiated stem.
Liverwort
Very similar to moss. Simple rootless plants
Lack of differentiated stem Single-celled rhizoids (roots)
Gymnosperms
Seed producing Also known as conifers Produce cones Have “male” and “female” parts that
produce pollen and ovules, respectively.
Angiosperms
Seed producing Also known as flower-bearing Produce fruit that contain the seeds Two types of angiosperms:
monocots and dicots Based on the number of cotyledons –
part of the seed that stores food
Monocots
Seeds have one cotelydon Leaves with parallel veins Flower parts in threes Vascular bundles are throughout
stem’s tissue
Dicots
Seeds have two cotyledons. Flower parts in fours or fives Leaves with netlike veins Vascular bundle arranged in a ring
Plant Reproduction
Common Parts (neither male nor female) Petals: attract pollinators Sepals: protect the bud
Sexual organs Male Female
Male parts
Produce the “sperm” Stamen:
Consists of anther held up by a filament. This is where the pollen is produced (in the anther).
Female Parts
Produce the “eggs” Pistil:
Contains three parts, the stigma, style, and ovary
Stigma- sticky top to ensure that pollen sticks to it
Style- the middle section Ovary- where eggs are produced
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis- A process by which plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into food energy (glucose), oxygen, and water Plants use carbon dioxide from animals The chloroplasts change the O2 and
sugars (food) into CO2, H2O, and ATP (energy) via the chlorophyll.
Respiration
Respiration-A process by which plants convert glucose and oxygen into energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water