Cell StructuresCell Structures

OrganellesOrganelles MitochondriaMitochondria ChloroplastsChloroplasts Endoplasmic ReticulumEndoplasmic Reticulum LysosomesLysosomes Golgi ApparatusGolgi Apparatus RibosomeRibosome VacuolesVacuoles PlastidPlastid

MitochondriaMitochondria Powerhouse of the cellPowerhouse of the cell Changes chemical energy in food to Changes chemical energy in food to

compounds more convenient for cell to compounds more convenient for cell to useuse

Has 2 membranesHas 2 membranes Outer- surrounds the organelleOuter- surrounds the organelle Inner- increases surface area because of Inner- increases surface area because of

folds; this is where cellular respiration takes folds; this is where cellular respiration takes place; folds are called cristaeplace; folds are called cristae

Produces ATPProduces ATP

ChloroplastsChloroplasts Only in PLANT cellsOnly in PLANT cells Change energy from one form to anotherChange energy from one form to another Capture sunlightCapture sunlight Converts sunlight, carbon dioxide, and Converts sunlight, carbon dioxide, and

water into sugarswater into sugars

Endoplasmic ReticulumEndoplasmic Reticulum Transports material through the cellTransports material through the cell Makes poisons, wastes and other toxins Makes poisons, wastes and other toxins

harmlessharmless Can be rough or smoothCan be rough or smooth Rough ER has ribosomes on itRough ER has ribosomes on it Smooth ER does not have ribosomesSmooth ER does not have ribosomes Makes proteins through the ribosomesMakes proteins through the ribosomes

LysosomesLysosomes Clean up crewClean up crew Removes the junkRemoves the junk Encircles and engulfs foreign materialEncircles and engulfs foreign material Uses chemicals and enzymesUses chemicals and enzymes Not present in plant cellsNot present in plant cells Can eat old organellesCan eat old organelles

Golgi ApparatusGolgi Apparatus

Discovered by Camillo GolgiDiscovered by Camillo Golgi Modifies, collects, packages, and Modifies, collects, packages, and

distributes molecules made at one distributes molecules made at one location of the cell to another location to location of the cell to another location to be usedbe used

Looks like a stack of pancakesLooks like a stack of pancakes

RibosomeRibosome Made in the nucleusMade in the nucleus Some are free in the cytoplasm and other Some are free in the cytoplasm and other

are attached to the ERare attached to the ER Make proteinsMake proteins Smallest organelleSmallest organelle

VacuolesVacuoles

Stores material such as water, salt, Stores material such as water, salt, protein and carbohydratesprotein and carbohydrates

Mainly found in PLANT cellsMainly found in PLANT cells Plants have one single large vacuole for Plants have one single large vacuole for

water storagewater storage

PlastidPlastid Only in PLANTSOnly in PLANTS Store food and pigmentStore food and pigment Chloroplasts- stores chlorophyllChloroplasts- stores chlorophyll Leukoplasts- stores starchLeukoplasts- stores starch Chromoplasts- stores pigments (fruits Chromoplasts- stores pigments (fruits

and flowers)and flowers) Amyloplasts- contain starch, found in Amyloplasts- contain starch, found in

seedsseeds

Animal Cells Plant Cells

Lysosomes

Cell membraneRibosomesNucleusEndoplasmic reticulumGolgi apparatusVacuolesMitochondriaCytoskeleton

Cell WallChloroplasts

Nuclearenvelope

Ribosome(attached)

Ribosome(free)

Smooth endoplasmicreticulum

Nucleus

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Nucleolus

Golgi apparatus

Mitochondrian

Cell wall

CellMembrane

Chloroplast

Vacuole

Plant Cell

Animal Cell

Centrioles

NucleolusNucleus

Nuclearenvelope

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Golgi apparatus

Smooth endoplasmicreticulum

Mitochondrian

CellMembrane

Ribosome(free)

Ribosome(attached)

CytoskeletonCytoskeleton Gives the cell shape and mechanical Gives the cell shape and mechanical

support, maintains structure and aids in support, maintains structure and aids in movementmovement

Composed of microtubulesComposed of microtubules Hollow tubesHollow tubes Maintain shape of cellMaintain shape of cell Serves as a track for organelles to move onServes as a track for organelles to move on

Cell membrane

Endoplasmicreticulum

Microtubule

Microfilament

Ribosomes Michondrion

Cytoskeleton

Cilia and FlagellaCilia and Flagella Made of microtubulesMade of microtubules Flagella move in an undulating fashion to Flagella move in an undulating fashion to

propel a cell. Ex. Sperm, euglenapropel a cell. Ex. Sperm, euglena Cilia- more numerous on the cells Cilia- more numerous on the cells

surface, act more like oars. Ex. surface, act more like oars. Ex. ParameciumParamecium

In humans cilia line parts of the In humans cilia line parts of the respiratory system moving dust particles respiratory system moving dust particles and bacteria away from the lungsand bacteria away from the lungs