SPE Lisbon – Dec. 2013 - Integrated Water Management

ALTERNATIVE USE OF WATER

Bertrand GARNIER Technical & New Offers Director

Degrémont Industry

2 SPE Lisbon – Dec. 2013 - Integrated Water Management

OIL & GAS INDUSTRY

UPSTREAM DOWNSTREAM

REFINERY PETROCHEMICAL EXPLORATION

• Processing of crude oil

• Refining

• Fabrication of organic and plastics

• Process water for production / fracking • Treatment of Produced Water (oil separation,

reinjection) • Water reuse or discharge

PRODUCTION

• Process Water • Cooling water • Wastewater • Water reuse or discharge

• Operating the production wells

• Oil & Gas processing

EOR OPTIMISATION - PRODUCTION CONTINUITY – ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT MANAGEMENT

• Drilling of exploration wells

3 SPE Lisbon – Dec. 2013 - Integrated Water Management

WATER FOR UPSTREAM OIL & GAS INDUSTRY

Injection water for

steam generation

Injection water for

EOR

Injection water for

stimulation

Flowback / Produced

water / Wastewater

Produced water for EOR

Produced water for chemical EOR

Produced water for steam generator/boiler/ stimulation

4 SPE Lisbon – Dec. 2013 - Integrated Water Management

WATER IS SCARCE…

Source : U.S. Geological Survey

… And unevenly distributed

5 SPE Lisbon – Dec. 2013 - Integrated Water Management

OPTIONS

Oil industry as a water user :

Alternative water sources for stimulation can be

used

Oil industry as a water producer: Produced water can have value

6 SPE Lisbon – Dec. 2013 - Integrated Water Management

OPTIONS

Oil industry as a water user :

Alternative water sources for stimulation can be

used

Oil industry as a water producer Produced water can have value

7 SPE Lisbon – Dec. 2013 - Integrated Water Management

ALTERNATIVE WATER SOURCES

Mine influenced waters Municipal effluents

Rising interest in the U.S. Subject to - Location… - AMD water content:

(SO4, metals…) - Legal framework Shell Dawson creek – PPP

Source Shell Chile copper mine – Source Degrémont

Source PADEP

8 SPE Lisbon – Dec. 2013 - Integrated Water Management

MUNICIPAL EFFLUENTS USAGES FOR DOWNSTREAM

Tertiary Water - Title 22 water Cap. 110,000 m3/day

Nitrified Water – Cooling Tower Cap. 41,000 m3/day

Reverse Osmosis - Barrier Water Cap. 30,000 m3/day

Reverse Osmosis - Single Pass Cap. 31,000 m3/day

Reverse Osmosis: Double Pass Cap. 10,000 m3/day

Five “designer” waters

Los Angeles effluent treatment plant “Hyperion” Amongst the world’s

largest (1.3 Mm3/day) 10% of the treated

effluents are recycled for industrial purposes on dedicated treatment plants (West Basin public agency)

Source : Suez Environnement

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OPTIONS

Oil industry as a water user :

Alternative water sources for stimulation can be

used

Oil industry as a water producer: Produced water can have value

10 SPE Lisbon – Dec. 2013 - Integrated Water Management

PRODUCED WATER CONTENT

Suspended solids Oil & Grease Dissolved solids. TDS ranging from 1,000 mg/l to 400,000 mg/l … Dissolved and volatile organic compounds : BTEX, phenols, … Metals, metalloids : As, Hg, Se, … Injected chemical additives Radionucleides – sometimes. U, Ra… There are easy cases (some) and more difficult cases (many!)

Investment in analytical campaigns over significant periods is key

11 SPE Lisbon – Dec. 2013 - Integrated Water Management

REUSE OF PW FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS Mount Poso biomass cogen. plant, CA. Treated produced water feeds the cogen. Plant Cooling towers make up, demin. water for steam

generation

Source McPherson Energy Corporation

Source McPherson Energy Corporation

Produced water treatment Source Degrémont

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REUSE FOR AGRICULTURE USAGES

There are cases in California running for decades (low salt produced water).

Sources Southwest Hydrology – Nov/Dec. 2005 Chevron

Currently, Pacific Rubiales, in Colombia is seeking to reuse P.W. to grow biomass for biofuel production. W/O ratio of 8.6 Increasing production

Membrane treatment requires specific upstream systems to prevent fouling / membrane destruction. 500,000 bbl/d of p.w to be reused for biofuel production

Extensive knowledge of P.W. components is essential

Source Degrémont

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CONCLUSION - DISCUSSION

O&G companies are facing increased pressure from all stakeholders : authorities, NGO’s, markets. Water treatment suppliers have solutions. But they have cost. Knowledge of water bodies, produced water contents, is key for making the right decisions. Integrated schemes, giving value to P.W (power gen., culture of biomass to generate biofuels) can bring opportunities. Anticipation is a must. Legal / regulatory framework have to be handled properly.

THANK YOU !

For more information:

www.degremont-industry.com