Employee Well-being SupportA Workplace Resource

Andrew Kinder, Rick Hughes and Cary L. Cooper

Employee Well-being Support: A Workplace Resource

Employee Well-being SupportA Workplace Resource

Andrew Kinder, Rick Hughes and Cary L. Cooper

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Kinder, Andrew.Employee well-being support : a workplace resource / Andrew Kinder, Rick Hughes and Cary

L. Cooper.p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.ISBN 978-0-470-05899-2 (cloth) – ISBN 978-0-470-05900-5

1. Employee assistance programs. 2. Job stress. 3. Employees–Mental health. 4. Industrialhygiene. I. Hughes, Rick, 1967- II. Cooper, Cary L. III. Title.HF5549.5.E42K56 2008658.3’8–dc22 2007050336

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN 978-0-470-058992 (hbk) 978-0-470-05900-5 (pbk)

Typeset in 10/12 Palatino by Thomson Press (India) Limited, New DelhiPrinted and bound in Great Britain by Antony Rowe Limited, Chippenham, Wiltshire

Contents

About the Editors ix

List of Contributors xi

Foreword – The Fourth Wave xxiii

Acknowledgements xxvii

Introduction: Adapting to Change 1Andrew Kinder, Rick Hughes and Cary L. Cooper

Part 1 Organisational Behaviour Issues and Well-being 7

1 In Consideration of a Toxic Workplace: a SuitablePlace for Treatment 9Michael Walton

2 Leading to a Healthy Workplace 25E. Kevin Kelloway, Mike Teed and Matt Prosser

3 Understanding and Improving Psychological Well-beingfor Individual and Organisational Effectiveness 39Ivan Robertson and Gordon Tinline

4 Employee Well-being: the Heart of PositiveOrganizational Behavior 51Debra L. Nelson, Laura M. Little and M. Lance Frazier

5 Employee Support Strategies in Large Organisations 61Steve Boorman

6 Coaching Skills for Managers 69Gladeana McMahon

7 Behaviour Risk Management 79Sharon Clarke

8 Positive Coping Strategies at Work 91Philip Dewe

9 Organisational Duty of Care: Workplace Counsellingas a Shield against Litigation? 99Peter Jenkins

10 Managing Diversity 111David Weaver

11 Understanding Mental Health – a Guide for All Employees 119Andrew Buckley

Part 2 Responding to Specific Organisational Challenges 133

12 Organisational Responses to Traumatic Incidents 135Alison Dunn

13 Managing Suicide and Sudden Death within Organisations 147Andrew Kinder and Emily Duval

14 Bullying and Mistreatment at Work: How ManagersMay Prevent and Manage Such Problems 161Stale Einarsen and Helge Hoel

15 Counselling and Coaching in Organisations: An IntegrativeMulti-Level Approach 175Vanja Orlans

16 What Makes a Good Employee Assistance Programme? 183Mark A. Winwood and Stephanie Beer

17 Tackling the Macho Culture 201Mark Brayne and Neil Greenberg

Part 3 Mental Health, Emotions and Work 211

18 Rehabilitation of Mental Health Disabilities 213David Wright

19 An Organisational Approach to the Rehabilitationof Employees Following Stress-Related Illness 223Louise Thomson and Jo Rick

20 Stress Management for Employees: an Evidence-basedApproach 239Stephen Palmer and Kristina Gyllensten

21 Perspectives on Managing Workplace Conflict 251Tony Buon

vi CONTENTS

22 Whose Agenda Does Workplace Counselling Serve? 269Rick Hughes

23 The Emergence of Coaching as a New Profession and ItsGlobal Influence 285Patrick Williams

24 Mentoring and Employee Well-being 297David Clutterbuck

25 Building Resilience – An Organisational CulturalApproach to Mental Health and Well-being at Work:A Primary Prevention Programme 309Derek Mowbray

Index 323

CONTENTS vii

About the Editors

Andrew Kinder is a Chartered Counselling and Chartered OccupationalPsychologist, is the Chair of the Association for Counselling at Work (www.counsellingatwork.org.uk a Division of the British Association for Counsellingand Psychotherapy) and is an Associate Fellow of the British PsychologicalSociety. He is also a Chartered Scientist. He is currently principal psychologistwith Atos Healthcare with responsibility for a large counselling and employeeassistance programme service. He has worked in the area of stress, trauma andemployee assistance within organisations for over 13 years and has runnumerous courses for all levels on managing stress, maximising performanceunder pressure, coping with change and trauma support while, as a counsellorand coach, having his own case-load of clients, many of whom have stress-related issues. He was a member of the steering group which produced theMind Out for mental health line managers’ resource: A Practical Guide toManaging and Supporting Mental Health in the Workplace. He has been active asa researcher – his latest being a collaboration with the Institute of EmploymentStudies, Royal Mail Group, University of Sheffield and the British OccupationalHealth Research Foundation into the evidence for organisational interventionsused following a work-related trauma. He has published articles on stress,substance misuse and trauma. His most recent publication is co-authoring withRick Hughes best practice guidelines in relation to counselling in the work-place (BACP, Rugby). He also has an interest in media psychology and hascarried out numerous assessments on contributors for reality TV programmesplus providing after-care.

Rick Hughes has widespread experience within the world of workplacecounselling, employee assistance programmes (EAP) and employee develop-ment fields having worked for several international EAP providers andconsultancies. He is head Adviser for Counselling in the Workplace of theBritish Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy. He was Deputy Chairof the Association for Counselling at Work (ACW) and a founding member ofthe Association for Coaching (AC). He has been a guest lecturer on the MBAcourse at Edinburgh University Management School. Rick’s publicationsinclude co-author of Experiences of Person-Centred Counselling Training (2000,

PCCS Books), editor of An Anthology of Counselling at Work II (2004, BACP) andcurrent editor of Counselling at Work journal. With fellow editor, AndrewKinder, he co-wrote Guidelines for Counselling in the Workplace on behalf ofACW and the British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy (BACP).Rick has an MPhil, ‘An emotions perspective – extending the role of employeeassistance programmes’, under Professor Dave Mearns at University of Strath-clyde, where he retains an Honorary Research Fellowship.

Professor Cary L. Cooper is Professor of Organisational Psychology andHealth, Lancaster University Management School and Pro Vice Chancellor(External Relations) at Lancaster University. He is the author of over 100 books(on occupational stress, women at work, and industrial and organisationalpsychology), has written over 400 scholarly articles for academic journals, andis a frequent contributor to national newspapers, TV and radio. He is currentlyfounding editor of the Journal of Organizational Behavior and co-editor of themedical journal Stress and Health (formerly Stress Medicine). He is a Fellow ofthe British Psychological Society, the Royal Society of Arts, the Royal Society ofMedicine, the Royal Society of Health, the British Academy of Managementand an academician of the Academy for the Social Sciences. Professor Cooper isthe immediate past president of the British Academy of Management, is aCompanion of the Chartered Management Institute and one of the first UK-based Fellows of the (American) Academy of Management (having also wonthe 1998 Distinguished Service Award for his contribution to managementscience from the Academy of Management). In 2001, Cary was awarded a CBEin the Queen’s Birthday Honours List for his contribution to organisationalhealth. He holds honorary doctorates from Aston University (DSc), Heriot-Watt University (DLitt), Middlesex University (Doc. Univ) and Wolverhamp-ton University (DBA); an Honorary Fellowship of the Faculty of OccupationalMedicine of the Royal College of Physicians; and in 2006 was awarded anHonorary Fellowship of the Royal College of Physicians (Hon FRCP).

Professor Cooper is the editor-in-chief of the international scholarly BlackwellEncyclopedia of Management (13-volume set); and the editor of Who’s Who in theManagement Sciences. He has been an adviser to two UN agencies; the WorldHealth Organisation and ILO; published a major report for the EU’s EuropeanFoundation for the Improvement of Living and Work Conditions on ‘StressPrevention in the Workplace’; and was a special adviser to the DefenseCommittee of the House of Commons on their Duty of Care enquiry (2004–2005). Professor Cooper is Chair of the Sunningdale Institute, a think tank onmanagement and organisational issues, in the National School of Governmentin the Cabinet Office. Professor Cooper is also the President of the Institute ofWelfare Officers, President of ISMA, President of the British Association ofCounselling and Psychotherapy (from October 2006), an ambassador of theSamaritans and patron of the National Phobic Society

x ABOUT THE EDITORS

List of Contributors

Stephanie Beer is an independent EAP consultant based in the UK. She haseight years’ direct experience with Accor Services as Head of Operationsresponsible for the delivery of both Psychological and work/life services.Before this she had seven years’ experience in the delivery of telephonehelplines following social broadcasting with BBC and ITV. She was also aspecialist debt advisor with Citizen Advice Bureaux for 10 years. She is a BoardDirector of EAPA Inc, responsible for all non-American members. She hasserved as Chairman of EAPAUK and as Chair of the subcommittee responsiblefor revising and updating the current UK EAPA standards.

Dr Steve Boorman is an experienced specialist in occupational medicine, afterbeginning his career as a general practitioner. He holds honorary appoint-ments as Senior Clinical Lecturer to the Institute of Occupational Medicine,Birmingham University; Chief Examiner to the Faculty of Occupational Med-icine’s Diploma in Occupational Health and as an appeal board referee underMerchant Shipping Regulations. He is a previous president of the Royal Societyof Medicine’s Section of Occupational Medicine and a regular lecturer/presenter on occupational health topics.

As Chief Medical Adviser to Royal Mail Group, he has had responsibility forcommissioning occupational health and welfare services for one of the UK’slargest employers.

Mark Brayne is a psychotherapist and trainer specializing in trauma andjournalism, having served for 30 years as foreign correspondent and senioreditor for Reuters and the BBC World Service. Mark is Director Europe of theUS-based Dart Centre for Journalism and Trauma, working with journalists,mental health professionals and educators towards improving media coverageof violence and trauma, and mitigating the emotional consequences of suchcoverage on those who report the stories. He developed and implemented forthe BBC a programme of trauma awareness and support training in which hehas also trained journalists, editors and managers at news organisationsaround the world including the Washington Post and Newsweek, WDR Televi-sion in Germany, the Arabic news channel al Jazeera and the Financial Times in

London. Mark is a Visiting Fellow at Bournemouth University Media School inthe UK, and lectures regularly on journalism and trauma at other universitiessuch as Cardiff and City in the UK. He is a member of the Board of theEuropean Society for Traumatic Stress Studies.

Andrew Buckley is founder of mental well-being organisation Kipepeo andhas been helping individuals and organisations understand mental healthsince the mid-1990s. He is a psychotherapist, coach and co-author of A Guide toCoaching and Mental Health: The Recognition and Management of PsychologicalIssues (Routledge, 2006). He is regularly invited to speak at conferences andevents on the topic of managing mental health issues at work and advocates asimple approach that looks for practical and effective means that will help allconcerned.

Tony Buon is a well-known psychologist, educator and consultant. Tony wasborn in Scotland but it took 25 years in Australia for him to lose his Glaswegianaccent! He is now based in the north of Scotland and works throughout the UK,Europe and the Middle East. A part-time lecturer in HRM at Robert GordonUniversity, he is also the Managing Partner of ScotCoach, an Edinburgh-basedconsultancy. He speaks internationally on conflict resolution, mediation,leadership and employee assistance.

Dr Sharon Clarke is a Senior Lecturer in Organisational Psychology atManchester Business School, the University of Manchester. She has publishedwidely in the area of health and safety management, including articlespublished in some of the top international journals for organisational psychol-ogy (e.g., Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Journal ofOrganizational Behavior) as well as internationally recognised specialist safetyand risk publications (such as Safety Science and Risk Analysis). She has co-authored the booksManaging the Risk of Workplace Stresswith Professor Cary L.Cooper (Routledge, 2004) and Human Safety and Risk Management (2nd edn)with Professors Ian Glendon and Eugene McKenna (CRC Press, 2006). She iscurrently the Principal Investigator on an IOSH-funded project (2007–2009)examining the long-term effectiveness of safety training interventions. Herresearch features regularly at leading conferences.

Professor David Clutterbuck is one of the international pioneers of structuredmentoring, having introduced the concept to Europe in the early 1980s and,with colleagues at the Mentoring and Coaching Research Unit at SheffieldHallam University, facilitated the emergence of developmental mentoring as anon-directive alternative to the US model of sponsorship mentoring. He co-founded in 1992 the European Mentoring Centre, which evolved in 2000 tobecome the European Mentoring and Coaching Council (EMCC), for which heis current chair of research.

xii LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS

Visiting professor of coaching and mentoring at both Sheffield Hallam andOxford Brookes Universities, he is the author or co-author of 10 books in thisfield (out of almost 50 books overall):

� Everyone Needs a Mentor, (1985, rev. 1992, 1998, 2002)� Mentoring in Action (volumes 1 and 2)� Mentoring Executives and Directors� Learning Alliances� Situational Mentoring� Mentoring and Diversity: An International Perspective� Implementing Mentoring Schemes� Coaching at Work: Creating a Coaching Culture� Coaching the Team at Work

David leads an international consultancy, Clutterbuck Associates, whichspecialises in helping organisations establish and sustain coaching and men-toring capability. www.clutterbuckassociates.co.uk

Professor Philip Dewe is Vice-Master of Birkbeck and Professor of Organisa-tional Behaviour in the Department of Organisational Psychology, Birkbeck,University of London. He graduated with a Master’s degree in managementand administration from Victoria University in Wellington, New Zealand, andwith an MSc and PhD (in organisational psychology) from the London Schoolof Economics. After a period of work in commerce in NewZealand he became aSenior Research Officer in the Work Research Unit, Department of Employ-ment (UK). In 1980 he joined Massey University in New Zealand and headedthe Department of Human Resource Management until joining the Departmentof Organisational Psychology, Birkbeck, University of London, in 2000.Research interests include work stress and coping, emotions and humanresource accounting. He is a member of the editorial board of Work and Stress.He has written widely in the area of work stress and coping.

Alison Dunn is Head of Treatment Services, in the Occupational HealthDepartment at Transport for London, which provides a range of services forLondon Underground and the Transport for London group. In this role sheoversees the management of the Counselling and Trauma Service, the Phy-siotherapy Service, and the Drug and Alcohol Assessment and TreatmentService. Alison’s background is in social work and then counselling - she wasawarded a Master’s degree in psychological counselling and psychotherapy in2000. Alison has thorough experience of providing counselling in an organisa-tional setting, managing a proactive workplace counselling service andresponding to critical incidents. She has co-ordinated the counselling teams’response to several incidents that have taken place during past years as wellas the response to the events on 7 July. Alison has previously written about afour-stage model for trauma aftercare in Thom Spiers’ book – Trauma: APractitioner’s Guide to Counselling.

LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS xiii