Emission Factor Development in Thailand

Panya Warapetcharayut

Director of Automotive Air Pollution Section

Air Quality and Noise Management Bureau

Pollution Control Department,

Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment

Bangkok,Thailand

Background and Problems

•Number of Motor vehicles

•Transportation System

- traffic condition

- congestion

- traffic volume

•Automotive air pollution problems

22

Vehicle Registered in BKK (2003)

Vehicle Registered in BKK in 2003

96,000

7,000

1,248,000

2,372,000

44,0001,545,000

HD LDD

LDG Taxi

MC Tuk-Tuk

Pollution sources portion in Bangkok(PCD,1997)

Sources NOx SOx CO PM HC

Point 17.0 95.8 1.4 9.8 0.0

Area 2.6 0.1 23.2 36.3 0.0

Mobile 80.4 4.2 75.4 53.9 100

Total 100 100 100 100 100

Automotive Emission Factor (PCD,1997)

Emission Load from Mobile Source (1997)

Objectives

Generate locality fleet data in Bangkok

Develop an air emission database by using MOBILE 6

Evaluate the mobile source emission inventory data

Scope of the study

•Study area is covered Bangkok

•Focus on mobile sources

•Pollutants concerned:

PM,NOx,CO,SOx and HC

•prepare computerized database

Air Quality management

Methods and Materials

Selection of vehicles

HD 20 vehicles

LDD 20 vehicles

LDG 20 vehicles

MC 20 vehicles

Dynamometer testing : PCD’s Laboratory

Driving Cycle : Bangkok Driving Cycle

Examples of BKK Driving Cycle

HD’s Driving Cycle

0 1000 20000

50

100

0 1000 20000

50

100

Bus Cycle01( + + )Average Speed：12.9km/hTotal Time：2489sec

B1 B4 B5

Bus Cycle02( + + )Average Speed：26.7km/hTotal Time：2443sec

B2 B3 B6

LD’s Driving Cycle

0 1000 20000

50

100

0 1000 20000

50

100

Passenger Car Cycle01( + + )Average Speed：20.9km/hTotal Time：2111sec

T1 T3 T5

Passenger Car Cycle02( + + )Average Speed：36.1km/hTotal Time：2235sec

T2 T4 T6

PCD’s Emission Laboratory

Modified MOBILE 6 for Bangkok

Vehicle Type Vehicle use assumption Ambient temperature Fuel parameters I/M Program parameters

MOBILE6 Input

1.Tampering rates

2.VKT mixes

3.Annual mileage accumulation rates

4.Registration distribution by vehicle type

and age

5.Basic emission rates

6.I/M program

7.Anti-tampering programs

MOBILE6 Out put

The database output will provides:

•grams/kilometer output by hour,

•pollutants,

•emission type,

•vehicle class,

•vehicle age,

•facility type.

QA/QC of MOBILE 6

Compare emission with overall emissions inventory

Compare emission with per capita emissions Compare emission with VKT Compare emission with fleet data and fuel

consumption statistics Remote sensing surveys of exhaust emission Use of ambient sampling data

Expected Results

•support environmental policy

•monitor the environmental policy

•analyze trends in the emission data

•provide the official emission data

•disseminate emission data to public

Thank you very much