emergency interfacing: military and civil communications in crisis response scenarios
DESCRIPTION
Emergency Interfacing: Military and Civil Communications in Crisis Response Scenarios Applied CIS Technology Branch CIS Division NATO Command, Control & Consultation Agency [email protected]. Crisis Response Scenarios. Crisis scenarios where a response is required Natural disasters - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
1NATO UNCLASSIFIED
Emergency Interfacing:Military and Civil Communications
in Crisis Response Scenarios
Applied CIS Technology Branch
CIS Division
NATO Command, Control & Consultation Agency
2 NATO UNCLASSIFIED
Crisis Response ScenariosCrisis Response ScenariosCrisis Response ScenariosCrisis Response Scenarios
• Crisis scenarios where a response is requiredCrisis scenarios where a response is required• Natural disasters Natural disasters
–Flooding Flooding (Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy, (Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, UK)Norway, Poland, UK)
–Earthquakes Earthquakes (Italy, Turkey, USA)(Italy, Turkey, USA)–Hurricanes and Ice storms Hurricanes and Ice storms (Canada, USA)(Canada, USA)
• Non-natural disastersNon-natural disasters–Transport crashes Transport crashes (Canada, Germany, Norway)(Canada, Germany, Norway)–Fires Fires (Germany, Netherlands)(Germany, Netherlands)–TerrorismTerrorism
• Crisis Response OperationsCrisis Response Operations• ‘‘Traditional’ military CROTraditional’ military CRO• Peace-keeping, peace-support, Operations Other than War etcPeace-keeping, peace-support, Operations Other than War etc
• Crisis scenarios where a response is requiredCrisis scenarios where a response is required• Natural disasters Natural disasters
–Flooding Flooding (Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy, (Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Norway, Poland, UK)Norway, Poland, UK)
–Earthquakes Earthquakes (Italy, Turkey, USA)(Italy, Turkey, USA)–Hurricanes and Ice storms Hurricanes and Ice storms (Canada, USA)(Canada, USA)
• Non-natural disastersNon-natural disasters–Transport crashes Transport crashes (Canada, Germany, Norway)(Canada, Germany, Norway)–Fires Fires (Germany, Netherlands)(Germany, Netherlands)–TerrorismTerrorism
• Crisis Response OperationsCrisis Response Operations• ‘‘Traditional’ military CROTraditional’ military CRO• Peace-keeping, peace-support, Operations Other than War etcPeace-keeping, peace-support, Operations Other than War etc
3 NATO UNCLASSIFIED
Military and Civil CommunicationsMilitary and Civil CommunicationsMilitary and Civil CommunicationsMilitary and Civil Communications
• In all previous disaster scenarios the military has been involved In all previous disaster scenarios the military has been involved to support civil emergency services in a co-ordinated mannerto support civil emergency services in a co-ordinated manner
• In ‘traditional’ CRO, military works with NGOs, local services etcIn ‘traditional’ CRO, military works with NGOs, local services etc
• Communications between military and civil emergency services Communications between military and civil emergency services are vital are vital
• Both have effective individual communications systems - the Both have effective individual communications systems - the interface between is vitalinterface between is vital
• In all previous disaster scenarios the military has been involved In all previous disaster scenarios the military has been involved to support civil emergency services in a co-ordinated mannerto support civil emergency services in a co-ordinated manner
• In ‘traditional’ CRO, military works with NGOs, local services etcIn ‘traditional’ CRO, military works with NGOs, local services etc
• Communications between military and civil emergency services Communications between military and civil emergency services are vital are vital
• Both have effective individual communications systems - the Both have effective individual communications systems - the interface between is vitalinterface between is vital
4 NATO UNCLASSIFIED
Effect of Disasters on TelecomsEffect of Disasters on TelecomsEffect of Disasters on TelecomsEffect of Disasters on Telecoms
• Area affected Area affected • Natural - widespreadNatural - widespread• Man-made - limitedMan-made - limited
• Communications AffectedCommunications Affected• Fixed lineFixed line
–Congestion and/or disruptionCongestion and/or disruption• RadioRadio
–Congestion and/or disruptionCongestion and/or disruption–Loss of powerLoss of power–Loss of infrastructureLoss of infrastructure–Priority mechanisms utilised occasionally Priority mechanisms utilised occasionally
– From Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council,
Civil Communications Planning Committee (N/EAPC U)
• Area affected Area affected • Natural - widespreadNatural - widespread• Man-made - limitedMan-made - limited
• Communications AffectedCommunications Affected• Fixed lineFixed line
–Congestion and/or disruptionCongestion and/or disruption• RadioRadio
–Congestion and/or disruptionCongestion and/or disruption–Loss of powerLoss of power–Loss of infrastructureLoss of infrastructure–Priority mechanisms utilised occasionally Priority mechanisms utilised occasionally
– From Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council,
Civil Communications Planning Committee (N/EAPC U)
5 NATO UNCLASSIFIED
Emergency Telecoms: What’s neededEmergency Telecoms: What’s neededEmergency Telecoms: What’s neededEmergency Telecoms: What’s needed
• Communications system requirements:Communications system requirements:• Rapidly deployableRapidly deployable• Easy to useEasy to use
–no time for operator trainingno time for operator training• Self supportingSelf supporting• Interconnected to other networksInterconnected to other networks
• High capacityHigh capacity–Congestion is a recurring problem in many Congestion is a recurring problem in many
emergency scenariosemergency scenarios
• Communications system requirements:Communications system requirements:• Rapidly deployableRapidly deployable• Easy to useEasy to use
–no time for operator trainingno time for operator training• Self supportingSelf supporting• Interconnected to other networksInterconnected to other networks
• High capacityHigh capacity–Congestion is a recurring problem in many Congestion is a recurring problem in many
emergency scenariosemergency scenarios
6 NATO UNCLASSIFIED
Pictures courtesy of DERA / Qinetiq (UK)
Military Use; Civil TechnologyMilitary Use; Civil TechnologyMilitary Use; Civil TechnologyMilitary Use; Civil Technology
7 NATO UNCLASSIFIED
COTS GSM for Emergency ScenariosCOTS GSM for Emergency Scenarios COTS GSM for Emergency ScenariosCOTS GSM for Emergency Scenarios
GSM PiconodeGSM Piconode• Standalone GSM infrastructureStandalone GSM infrastructure
• BTS, BSC, MSC, NMSBTS, BSC, MSC, NMS• Deployable - 20 kg, 0.6 mDeployable - 20 kg, 0.6 m33
• Can be connected to other Can be connected to other networks networks • GSM, PSTN, PABX GSM, PSTN, PABX • Satellite backhaulSatellite backhaul• Tactical MilitaryTactical Military
• Used by UK in KosovoUsed by UK in Kosovo
GSM PiconodeGSM Piconode• Standalone GSM infrastructureStandalone GSM infrastructure
• BTS, BSC, MSC, NMSBTS, BSC, MSC, NMS• Deployable - 20 kg, 0.6 mDeployable - 20 kg, 0.6 m33
• Can be connected to other Can be connected to other networks networks • GSM, PSTN, PABX GSM, PSTN, PABX • Satellite backhaulSatellite backhaul• Tactical MilitaryTactical Military
• Used by UK in KosovoUsed by UK in KosovoGSM is useful, but no GSM is useful, but no
securitysecurity
Not just GSM, any digital Not just GSM, any digital mobile radiomobile radio
GSM is useful, but no GSM is useful, but no securitysecurity
Not just GSM, any digital Not just GSM, any digital mobile radiomobile radio … … like TETRAlike TETRA… … like TETRAlike TETRA
GSM & GPS GSM & GPS • GSM data services GSM data services
support useful services for support useful services for Emergency Operations Emergency Operations• Position reportingPosition reporting• Status monitoringStatus monitoring
GSM & GPS GSM & GPS • GSM data services GSM data services
support useful services for support useful services for Emergency Operations Emergency Operations• Position reportingPosition reporting• Status monitoringStatus monitoring
8 NATO UNCLASSIFIED
Military Position Reporting, Civil BearerMilitary Position Reporting, Civil BearerMilitary Position Reporting, Civil BearerMilitary Position Reporting, Civil Bearer
C2PC Common Operation Picture software operating over a TETRA network
9 NATO UNCLASSIFIED
C2PC with C2PC with TETRATETRA
C2PC with C2PC with TETRATETRA
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ITSI: 12... ITSI: 12...
ITSI: 12...
End to end encrypted data servicesEnd to end encrypted data servicesEnd to end encrypted data servicesEnd to end encrypted data services
• SFPG Recommendation 07 SFPG Recommendation 07 describes an end to end encryption describes an end to end encryption framework for short data servicesframework for short data services
• Based on Framework for Based on Framework for encrypted speechencrypted speech
• Supports small Supports small applications such as position applications such as position reporting functions etcreporting functions etc
• SFPG Recommendation 07 SFPG Recommendation 07 describes an end to end encryption describes an end to end encryption framework for short data servicesframework for short data services
• Based on Framework for Based on Framework for encrypted speechencrypted speech
• Supports small Supports small applications such as position applications such as position reporting functions etcreporting functions etc
11 NATO UNCLASSIFIED
Military - Civil InterfaceMilitary - Civil InterfaceMilitary - Civil InterfaceMilitary - Civil Interface
• Interface between COTS Interface between COTS TETRA network and TETRA network and military networkmilitary network
• PC running LinuxPC running Linux
• NC3A developed NC3A developed interface softwareinterface software
• Converts GPS to Converts GPS to OTH/Gold format for OTH/Gold format for MCISMCIS
• Interface between COTS Interface between COTS TETRA network and TETRA network and military networkmilitary network
• PC running LinuxPC running Linux
• NC3A developed NC3A developed interface softwareinterface software
• Converts GPS to Converts GPS to OTH/Gold format for OTH/Gold format for MCISMCIS
12 NATO UNCLASSIFIED
TETRA ServicesTETRA ServicesTETRA ServicesTETRA Services• Group CommunicationGroup Communication
• FastFast call set up call set up– compared to GSM (300 msec typical for local area calls)compared to GSM (300 msec typical for local area calls)
• AllAll informed informed half-duplex half-duplex netsnets (i.e. broadcast and multicast) (i.e. broadcast and multicast) availableavailable
• Direct Mode OperationDirect Mode Operation• No infrastructureNo infrastructure• Gateways and RepeatersGateways and Repeaters
• Emergency & Incident handlingEmergency & Incident handling• CCall prioritiesall priorities & preemption & preemption• Emergency buttonEmergency button• Passive monitoringPassive monitoring
• Dispatching Dispatching • Net Control Station - Directed NetsNet Control Station - Directed Nets
• TETRA services TETRA services Combat Net Radio featuresCombat Net Radio features
• Group CommunicationGroup Communication• FastFast call set up call set up
– compared to GSM (300 msec typical for local area calls)compared to GSM (300 msec typical for local area calls)• AllAll informed informed half-duplex half-duplex netsnets (i.e. broadcast and multicast) (i.e. broadcast and multicast)
availableavailable
• Direct Mode OperationDirect Mode Operation• No infrastructureNo infrastructure• Gateways and RepeatersGateways and Repeaters
• Emergency & Incident handlingEmergency & Incident handling• CCall prioritiesall priorities & preemption & preemption• Emergency buttonEmergency button• Passive monitoringPassive monitoring
• Dispatching Dispatching • Net Control Station - Directed NetsNet Control Station - Directed Nets
• TETRA services TETRA services Combat Net Radio featuresCombat Net Radio features
13 NATO UNCLASSIFIED
TETRA - Military Services; Civil StandardTETRA - Military Services; Civil StandardTETRA - Military Services; Civil StandardTETRA - Military Services; Civil Standard
Developed for Public Safety & Security with CDeveloped for Public Safety & Security with C33 features features
Group CommunicationGroup Communication• Direct Mode Operation (Direct Mode Operation (when no infrastructure)when no infrastructure)• Emergency facilities (Emergency facilities (ccall prioritiesall priorities & preemption) & preemption)• Dispatching Dispatching
• TETRA services TETRA services Combat Net Radio features Combat Net Radio features • has many large, security conscious user groupshas many large, security conscious user groups
–Large user groups -- COTS equipmentLarge user groups -- COTS equipment
Developed for Public Safety & Security with CDeveloped for Public Safety & Security with C33 features features
Group CommunicationGroup Communication• Direct Mode Operation (Direct Mode Operation (when no infrastructure)when no infrastructure)• Emergency facilities (Emergency facilities (ccall prioritiesall priorities & preemption) & preemption)• Dispatching Dispatching
• TETRA services TETRA services Combat Net Radio features Combat Net Radio features • has many large, security conscious user groupshas many large, security conscious user groups
–Large user groups -- COTS equipmentLarge user groups -- COTS equipment
14 NATO UNCLASSIFIED
Why COTS PCS ?Why COTS PCS ? Why COTS PCS ?Why COTS PCS ?
• Military role has changedMilitary role has changed• Peace-keepingPeace-keeping• Peace-supportPeace-support• Crisis responseCrisis response• OOW, Non-article 5 operationsOOW, Non-article 5 operations
• Composition of forces has changedComposition of forces has changed• increasingly multi-service, multi-nationalincreasingly multi-service, multi-national
• Military budgets have changedMilitary budgets have changed
• Military role has changedMilitary role has changed• Peace-keepingPeace-keeping• Peace-supportPeace-support• Crisis responseCrisis response• OOW, Non-article 5 operationsOOW, Non-article 5 operations
• Composition of forces has changedComposition of forces has changed• increasingly multi-service, multi-nationalincreasingly multi-service, multi-national
• Military budgets have changedMilitary budgets have changed
15 NATO UNCLASSIFIED
NC3A PCS StudyNC3A PCS StudyNC3A PCS StudyNC3A PCS Study
• Study Study allall available Personal Communications Systems available Personal Communications Systems • terrestrial, satcom, COTS & GOTSterrestrial, satcom, COTS & GOTS
• Evaluate for use against a detailed Evaluate for use against a detailed Crisis Response Crisis Response scenarioscenario
• Match for suitabilityMatch for suitability• different users different users e.g. military, policing, NGOs, VSOse.g. military, policing, NGOs, VSOs• different applications different applications e.g. speech, location, data, videoe.g. speech, location, data, video• different tasks different tasks e.g. liaison, reconnaissancee.g. liaison, reconnaissance• different phases different phases e.g. initial deployment to long-term peace support e.g. initial deployment to long-term peace support
• Study Study allall available Personal Communications Systems available Personal Communications Systems • terrestrial, satcom, COTS & GOTSterrestrial, satcom, COTS & GOTS
• Evaluate for use against a detailed Evaluate for use against a detailed Crisis Response Crisis Response scenarioscenario
• Match for suitabilityMatch for suitability• different users different users e.g. military, policing, NGOs, VSOse.g. military, policing, NGOs, VSOs• different applications different applications e.g. speech, location, data, videoe.g. speech, location, data, video• different tasks different tasks e.g. liaison, reconnaissancee.g. liaison, reconnaissance• different phases different phases e.g. initial deployment to long-term peace support e.g. initial deployment to long-term peace support
IDENTIFICATION
16 NATO UNCLASSIFIED
TETRA Applications & ServicesTETRA Applications & ServicesTETRA Applications & ServicesTETRA Applications & Services
• Speech ServicesSpeech Services• TalkgroupsTalkgroups
–patrols, compound patrols, compound securitysecurity
– logisticslogistics• Conference CallsConference Calls
–command netcommand net– liaison, high qualityliaison, high quality
• Priority and Pre-emptionPriority and Pre-emption
• Interconnection / Interconnection / InteroperabilityInteroperability• PSTN (if there is one)PSTN (if there is one)• Military networksMilitary networks
• Speech ServicesSpeech Services• TalkgroupsTalkgroups
–patrols, compound patrols, compound securitysecurity
– logisticslogistics• Conference CallsConference Calls
–command netcommand net– liaison, high qualityliaison, high quality
• Priority and Pre-emptionPriority and Pre-emption
• Interconnection / Interconnection / InteroperabilityInteroperability• PSTN (if there is one)PSTN (if there is one)• Military networksMilitary networks
• Location services Location services –patrols, logistics, patrols, logistics,
• MessagingMessaging–commanders, logisticscommanders, logistics–policing, compound securitypolicing, compound security–status messages, VIN checksstatus messages, VIN checks
• Other data servicesOther data services– file transfer, COPfile transfer, COP– liaison, command net, logistics liaison, command net, logistics
updatesupdates• VideoVideo
–VTC for liaisonVTC for liaison– tele-medicinetele-medicine–reconnaissancereconnaissance
• Location services Location services –patrols, logistics, patrols, logistics,
• MessagingMessaging–commanders, logisticscommanders, logistics–policing, compound securitypolicing, compound security–status messages, VIN checksstatus messages, VIN checks
• Other data servicesOther data services– file transfer, COPfile transfer, COP– liaison, command net, logistics liaison, command net, logistics
updatesupdates• VideoVideo
–VTC for liaisonVTC for liaison– tele-medicinetele-medicine–reconnaissancereconnaissance
17 NATO UNCLASSIFIED
NC3A TETRA NC3A TETRA Evaluation Evaluation
SystemSystem
SHAPE - June ‘01SHAPE - June ‘01
NC3A TETRA NC3A TETRA Evaluation Evaluation
SystemSystem
SHAPE - June ‘01SHAPE - June ‘01
18 NATO UNCLASSIFIED
19 NATO UNCLASSIFIED
Where is NC3A usingWhere is NC3A using
??
Where is NC3A usingWhere is NC3A using
??
• NC3A, NLNC3A, NL• SHAPE, BESHAPE, BE
• JWID 2001 JWID 2001 • Poland Poland
• Strong ResolveStrong Resolve• Baumholder, GE Baumholder, GE
• Combined Combined Endeavour 2002Endeavour 2002
• Banja Luka, BiH Banja Luka, BiH • SFOR/BRITFOR trial SFOR/BRITFOR trial
(97 Signal Sqdn, UK)(97 Signal Sqdn, UK)
• NC3A, NLNC3A, NL• SHAPE, BESHAPE, BE
• JWID 2001 JWID 2001 • Poland Poland
• Strong ResolveStrong Resolve• Baumholder, GE Baumholder, GE
• Combined Combined Endeavour 2002Endeavour 2002
• Banja Luka, BiH Banja Luka, BiH • SFOR/BRITFOR trial SFOR/BRITFOR trial
(97 Signal Sqdn, UK)(97 Signal Sqdn, UK)
20 NATO UNCLASSIFIED
ETSI Standards; NATO ExercisesETSI Standards; NATO ExercisesETSI Standards; NATO ExercisesETSI Standards; NATO Exercises
• NC3A TETRA system isNC3A TETRA system is• MobileMobile• DeployableDeployable• Easy to useEasy to use
• NC3A TETRA system isNC3A TETRA system is• MobileMobile• DeployableDeployable• Easy to useEasy to use
• Combined Endeavour 2002Combined Endeavour 2002• Strong ResolveStrong Resolve
• Used to establish comms infrastructure for exerciseUsed to establish comms infrastructure for exercise• SFOR trial, Banja LukaSFOR trial, Banja Luka
• 2nd (National Communications) Signal Brigade, UK2nd (National Communications) Signal Brigade, UK
• Combined Endeavour 2002Combined Endeavour 2002• Strong ResolveStrong Resolve
• Used to establish comms infrastructure for exerciseUsed to establish comms infrastructure for exercise• SFOR trial, Banja LukaSFOR trial, Banja Luka
• 2nd (National Communications) Signal Brigade, UK2nd (National Communications) Signal Brigade, UK
21 NATO UNCLASSIFIED
Military and Civil InterfacingMilitary and Civil InterfacingPSTN, Public Safety Mobile RadioPSTN, Public Safety Mobile Radio
and Tactical Military Comms and Tactical Military Comms
Military and Civil InterfacingMilitary and Civil InterfacingPSTN, Public Safety Mobile RadioPSTN, Public Safety Mobile Radio
and Tactical Military Comms and Tactical Military Comms
PSTN / PSTN / TETRA / TETRA / AutokoAutokotrialstrials
AUTOKO -AUTOKO -German Army German Army tactical commstactical comms
Clear speech Clear speech interoperabilityinteroperability
PSTN / PSTN / TETRA / TETRA / AutokoAutokotrialstrials
AUTOKO -AUTOKO -German Army German Army tactical commstactical comms
Clear speech Clear speech interoperabilityinteroperability
22 NATO UNCLASSIFIED
Secure Voice CommunicationsSecure Voice CommunicationsSecure Voice CommunicationsSecure Voice Communications
• Military and many public safety users want secure Military and many public safety users want secure speech servicesspeech services
• In emergency scenarios public safety users may want In emergency scenarios public safety users may want privacy from media privacy from media
• Security against eavesdropping and disruptionSecurity against eavesdropping and disruption• Must consider and protect against emergencies where Must consider and protect against emergencies where
cause is deliberatecause is deliberate• Unprotected communications leaves rescuers vulnerableUnprotected communications leaves rescuers vulnerable
• Military and many public safety users want secure Military and many public safety users want secure speech servicesspeech services
• In emergency scenarios public safety users may want In emergency scenarios public safety users may want privacy from media privacy from media
• Security against eavesdropping and disruptionSecurity against eavesdropping and disruption• Must consider and protect against emergencies where Must consider and protect against emergencies where
cause is deliberatecause is deliberate• Unprotected communications leaves rescuers vulnerableUnprotected communications leaves rescuers vulnerable
23 NATO UNCLASSIFIED
Security in TETRA StandardsSecurity in TETRA StandardsSecurity in TETRA StandardsSecurity in TETRA Standards
• EncryptionEncryption• Air interface encryption between Mobile and InfrastructureAir interface encryption between Mobile and Infrastructure• End-to-end encryption End-to-end encryption SFPG Rec 02SFPG Rec 02
• AuthenticationAuthentication• prevention against spoofing, denial of service prevention against spoofing, denial of service • protect network accessprotect network access
• Secure disabling and enabling of terminalsSecure disabling and enabling of terminals• temporary and permanenttemporary and permanent
• Encryption (4) and authentication (1) standard algorithms Encryption (4) and authentication (1) standard algorithms plus user defined algorithmsplus user defined algorithms
• Key managementKey management• Key load, OTAKKey load, OTAK
• EncryptionEncryption• Air interface encryption between Mobile and InfrastructureAir interface encryption between Mobile and Infrastructure• End-to-end encryption End-to-end encryption SFPG Rec 02SFPG Rec 02
• AuthenticationAuthentication• prevention against spoofing, denial of service prevention against spoofing, denial of service • protect network accessprotect network access
• Secure disabling and enabling of terminalsSecure disabling and enabling of terminals• temporary and permanenttemporary and permanent
• Encryption (4) and authentication (1) standard algorithms Encryption (4) and authentication (1) standard algorithms plus user defined algorithmsplus user defined algorithms
• Key managementKey management• Key load, OTAKKey load, OTAK
24 NATO UNCLASSIFIED
Optional within TETRA Standards (network is untrusted)
Mandatory within TETRA Standards (network is trusted)
OverviewOverviewOverviewOverview
protected protectedvulnerableAir interface encryption
protectedEnd-to-endencryption
25 NATO UNCLASSIFIED
ETSI TETRA Standard 300-392-7 Clause 7ETSI TETRA Standard 300-392-7 Clause 7ETSI TETRA Standard 300-392-7 Clause 7ETSI TETRA Standard 300-392-7 Clause 7
Voice Codec
Standard TETRAair interface encryptionand Key Management
ShortData
Service
KeyManagementEncryption
Sync flag
TETRA Standards support End to end encryption
End to end encryption is a terminal issue
SwMi
Standard is flexible to allow different solutions for government / commercial users
26 NATO UNCLASSIFIED
ContentsIntroductionOverviewPhysical Realisation IssuesUse of AlgorithmsKey ManagementInteroperabilityThreatsSpecifications
AppendicesUser profilesAdditional detail to be specifiedSample specification (IDEA)Sample Test Data
TETRA Security and Fraud Prevention GroupTETRA Security and Fraud Prevention GroupTETRA Security and Fraud Prevention GroupTETRA Security and Fraud Prevention Group
Guidance on implementing end-to-end encryption within ETSI Standards
Prepared with public safety, commercial & military input
Courtesy of D Parkinson, BT Exact
27 NATO UNCLASSIFIED
TETRATETRACivil Technology, Military SecurityCivil Technology, Military Security
TETRATETRACivil Technology, Military SecurityCivil Technology, Military Security
• Need to interface Need to interface during the during the standards standards making processmaking process
• User User requirements requirements
• Technical specTechnical spec
• Need to interface Need to interface during the during the standards standards making processmaking process
• User User requirements requirements
• Technical specTechnical spec
TETRA Standards
End to End Encryption
SFPG Recommendation 02
AlgorithmVocoder
Commercial or national
(public safety or military)algorithm
Vocoder(TETRA ACELP,AMR or MELPe)
28 NATO UNCLASSIFIED
A Digression on CongestionA Digression on CongestionAvoiding it: Military Vocoder vs Civil VocoderAvoiding it: Military Vocoder vs Civil Vocoder
A Digression on CongestionA Digression on CongestionAvoiding it: Military Vocoder vs Civil VocoderAvoiding it: Military Vocoder vs Civil Vocoder
• Congestion is a problem in emergency scenariosCongestion is a problem in emergency scenarios• Choice of voice coderChoice of voice coder• Military is used to minimising throughput for low capacity channelsMilitary is used to minimising throughput for low capacity channels• Same speech intelligibility, half the throughputSame speech intelligibility, half the throughput• InteroperabilityInteroperability• More on MELPe at http://www.iee.org/OnComms/pn/communicationsMore on MELPe at http://www.iee.org/OnComms/pn/communications
• Frequency congestion and allocationFrequency congestion and allocation
• Congestion is a problem in emergency scenariosCongestion is a problem in emergency scenarios• Choice of voice coderChoice of voice coder• Military is used to minimising throughput for low capacity channelsMilitary is used to minimising throughput for low capacity channels• Same speech intelligibility, half the throughputSame speech intelligibility, half the throughput• InteroperabilityInteroperability• More on MELPe at http://www.iee.org/OnComms/pn/communicationsMore on MELPe at http://www.iee.org/OnComms/pn/communications
• Frequency congestion and allocationFrequency congestion and allocation
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
CO
TS
X
CO
TS
Y
CO
TS
Z
ME
LP
e
CO
TS
X
CO
TS
Y
CO
TS
Z
ME
LP
e
6 dB SNR
12 dB SNR
Quiet
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
CO
TS
X
CO
TS
Y
CO
TS
Z
ME
LP
e
CO
TS
X
CO
TS
Y
CO
TS
Z
ME
LP
e
6 dB SNR
12 dB SNR
Quiet
Male speaker Female speaker
Voice Coders
COTS X = 6 kbps
COTS Y = 4.56 kbps
COTS X = 4.56 kbps
MELPe = 2.4 kbps
MELPe is NATO Stanag 4591
29 NATO UNCLASSIFIED
Frequency Allocation in EuropeFrequency Allocation in Europe
• MoU on common frequency allocation has been signed by most European MoU on common frequency allocation has been signed by most European countriescountries
• Some nations sharing allocation and responsibility for public safety and Some nations sharing allocation and responsibility for public safety and commercial use - operational benefitscommercial use - operational benefits
• Could share military and civil allocations - operational benefits, political risksCould share military and civil allocations - operational benefits, political risks
Public Safety & SecurityCurrently ReservedNATO Military
380380 390390 400400383383 385385 395395393393
30 NATO UNCLASSIFIED
Security for other COTS PCSSecurity for other COTS PCSSummary of Trials with Early Commercial ‘Secure’ GSMSummary of Trials with Early Commercial ‘Secure’ GSM
Security for other COTS PCSSecurity for other COTS PCSSummary of Trials with Early Commercial ‘Secure’ GSMSummary of Trials with Early Commercial ‘Secure’ GSM
Location Reliability QualityLocation Reliability Quality
• Within NLWithin NL 60-70%60-70% GoodGood
• Outside NL, UrbanOutside NL, Urban• Within countryWithin country 90 %90 % GoodGood• InternationalInternational PoorPoor
• RuralRural 33 %33 % PoorPoor• GSM - PSTNGSM - PSTN 40 %40 % PoorPoor
• But no NL-BE connectivityBut no NL-BE connectivity
• Standard COTS services didn’t work as expectedStandard COTS services didn’t work as expected
Location Reliability QualityLocation Reliability Quality
• Within NLWithin NL 60-70%60-70% GoodGood
• Outside NL, UrbanOutside NL, Urban• Within countryWithin country 90 %90 % GoodGood• InternationalInternational PoorPoor
• RuralRural 33 %33 % PoorPoor• GSM - PSTNGSM - PSTN 40 %40 % PoorPoor
• But no NL-BE connectivityBut no NL-BE connectivity
• Standard COTS services didn’t work as expectedStandard COTS services didn’t work as expected
31 NATO UNCLASSIFIED
Military Secure GSMMilitary Secure GSMMilitary Secure GSMMilitary Secure GSM
• Swedish/Norwegian ProjectSwedish/Norwegian Project• Integrated GSM / DECT unitIntegrated GSM / DECT unit
• DECT via satelliteDECT via satellite• Encrypted Voice + DataEncrypted Voice + Data• High gradeHigh grade• NATO and commercial versionsNATO and commercial versions
• Swedish/Norwegian ProjectSwedish/Norwegian Project• Integrated GSM / DECT unitIntegrated GSM / DECT unit
• DECT via satelliteDECT via satellite• Encrypted Voice + DataEncrypted Voice + Data• High gradeHigh grade• NATO and commercial versionsNATO and commercial versions
• ReliableReliable• ReliableReliable
32 NATO UNCLASSIFIED
SummarySummarySummarySummary
• Long history of military forces working with public safety in Long history of military forces working with public safety in emergenciesemergencies• NATO is prepared for this role NATO is prepared for this role
–e.g. NATO Civil Communications Planning Committee e.g. NATO Civil Communications Planning Committee • Current events make military-public safety co-operation more Current events make military-public safety co-operation more
likely and more importantlikely and more important
• Need effective, secure communicationsNeed effective, secure communications• Need commonality for quick and easy interfacing Need commonality for quick and easy interfacing
(interconnection and interoperability)(interconnection and interoperability)• requires planning from the startrequires planning from the start• involvement by all in requirement definition and standards processinvolvement by all in requirement definition and standards process
• Long history of military forces working with public safety in Long history of military forces working with public safety in emergenciesemergencies• NATO is prepared for this role NATO is prepared for this role
–e.g. NATO Civil Communications Planning Committee e.g. NATO Civil Communications Planning Committee • Current events make military-public safety co-operation more Current events make military-public safety co-operation more
likely and more importantlikely and more important
• Need effective, secure communicationsNeed effective, secure communications• Need commonality for quick and easy interfacing Need commonality for quick and easy interfacing
(interconnection and interoperability)(interconnection and interoperability)• requires planning from the startrequires planning from the start• involvement by all in requirement definition and standards processinvolvement by all in requirement definition and standards process
33 NATO UNCLASSIFIED
Questions ?Questions ? Questions ?Questions ?
•http:// nc3a.info/PCShttp:// nc3a.info/PCS
•Email: Email: [email protected]@nc3a.info
•http:// nc3a.info/PCShttp:// nc3a.info/PCS
•Email: Email: [email protected]@nc3a.info