EMBEDDED SYSTEMTRENDS AND

DEVELOPMENTSBy

Tamilarasan.L

Gateway embedded system,trichy.

Embedded Systems

• An embedded system is some combination of computer hardware and software, either fixed in capability or programmable, that is specifically designed for a particular function

• Normal everyday items contain computer chips, complete with CPU, memory, programs– Television, Automobiles, Irrigation – cell phones, GPS– microwave, home alarms– network routers, game consoles

• Special purpose machines contain computers– Manufacturing,sensing – ATM machines, kiosks– Medical Instruments , Aircraft , Satellites

Application Domains:– Automotive, Avionics, Industrial Automation,

Telecommunication, Consumer Electronics, Medical.

Cutting edge:– Multicore processors, Network on Chip, System on chip (e.g. the

iPhone, PS-3)

Companies looking for professionals

• Firmware Engineer

• Hardware Engineer

• Verilog, VHDL or VHSIC - VLSI design

• Circuit design and simulations

• Digital PCB design and routing

Embedded Systems

• A “special purpose” unit– e.g. simple cell phone

• Has a CPU, memory and programs that control mainly physical things– The program is preinstalled and cannot be changed

easily

• Has limited processing power and limited electrical power and limited data storage

• Has “intelligence”– Can be configured, personalized, “programmed”

How to learn embedded system

• Learning an embedded system includes learning both software and hardware aspects,

• C programming book

Schematic

Processor

mem

Observe(Input)

Control(Output) Motor/Light

TemperatureSensor

Microcontrollers Available• 8051, 8096: Primitive Cs from Intelμ• PIC series: Cs from Microchipμ• ATmega series: AVR Cs from Atmelμ• MSP series: from Texas Instruments• Coldfire series: from Freescale Semiconductor• LPC series: from NXP Semiconductors• RX100/200 series: from RENESAS

The Seven Segment Display

Display ControllerCounter

Clock

00000001001000110100…..

Automobile Computers

• Engine control computer • Simplification of the manufacture and design of

cars • Reduction of the amount of wiring in cars • New safety features • New comfort and convenience features

Engine Control unit (ECU)

• Read sensors (temp, pedal position, exhaust) and control fuel injector and spark timing

• Control engine fan • Handle the CAN (communication area

networking) that is becoming common in cars.

• Interface with climate and other passenger controls

• Provide diagnostics

Other computers in car

• There are more processors in the car other than ECU– ABS system– Climate control– Cruise control– Dashboard– Automatic doors.

Embedded Systems

• There are more “embedded systems” in the world than regular computers

• Explosive growth• Research directions:

– Power management– “system on a chip”– “network on a chip”

Characteristics

• Cost and power consumption• Reliability• 24x7• Performance• Programs on an embedded system often must run with real

time constraints with limited hardware resources.

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