embedded systems design ict 5307. embedded system what is an embedded system??? any idea???
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Embedded Systems DesignICT 5307
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Embedded System Replacement for discrete logic-based circuits
Provide functional upgrades
Provide easy maintenance upgrades
Improves mechanical performance
Protection of intellectual property
Replacement for analogue circuits
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Analog Signal Processing
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Digital Signal Processing
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Digital Signal Processing Analogue signals have infinite values between
Their working range range.
Digital signal processors represents the infinite variations with a finite number of steps / values
Low pass filter roll-off◦ 16 bit word length => 90 dB◦ 24 bit word length => 120 dB
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Embedded System Processor
Memory
Peripherals◦ Binary outputs◦ Serial outputs◦ Analogue values◦ Displays◦ Time derived outputs
Software
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Embedded System Software
◦ Initialization and configuration◦ Operating system or run-time environment◦ The applications software itself◦ Error handling◦ Debug and maintenance support.
Algorithms
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Motorola MC68HC705C4A
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Data Processors
The larger data size was needed to help support higher precision arithmetic
The increased address space was needed to support bigger blocks of memory for larger programs
The complex instruction was needed to help reduce the amount of memory required to store the program
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Data Processors
Pipelining Instruction◦ Instruction fetching◦ Decoding◦ Execution
Pipelining stalls◦ Branching
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Data Processors
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Intel Pentium
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Reduced instruction set computing (RISC)
The 80/20 rule
All instructions will be executed in a single cycle (sometimes multiple cycles may be needed)
Memory will only be accessed via load and store instructions
All execution units will be hardwired with no microcoding
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The Berkeley RISC model
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Sun SPARC RISC processor
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The ARM RISC architecture Currently 50+ manufacterers
Standard RISC architecture techniques◦ Load-store architecture◦ Simple addressing modes based on register contents and instruction information◦ fixed length instructions (4 byte word)
Register banking
Special registers:◦ Register 14: Link register◦ Register 15: Program counter◦ Register 13: Stack pointer
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The ARM processing modes
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Digital Signal Processors
Example:◦ FIR filter
◦ Sampled data◦ Coefficients◦ Multiplication and addition
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Motorola DSP56000
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Marks Distribution
Mid 1 – 5th / 6th week – 30%
Mid 2 – 9th / 10th week - 30%
Final – After 14th week – 40%
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Processor Selection