eliot, t.s. - use of poetry & the use of criticism (faber & faber, 1933).pdf

8/17/2019 Eliot, T.S. - Use of Poetry & the Use of Criticism (Faber & Faber, 1933).pdf

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COLETED POMS 1909-35

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USE OF PRY

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PRFAORY NOTE IRODUCON

. OLOGY OR H ONTSSO MBROK 37

. A OF DRN 5

V. WORDSORH AND CO-RD 6

LY AN KEA 87

V MA ARNOLD

H ODR N

I COCLON 14


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A

hes ecurs, dhvrd a arvrd Umvy dung

h r of ow u to an audic oyoo edy o a pp lad nt d conon dft; bt amawar a s sss as ty ad was largl drama,and h y w b sl mor dsa ppog o hos whoar t h hy w b o hos who drd o. sod p o lav adios w1 whvcss0 h h v bu h rms o Fodato by M. Slman s ms b sbo puhan and w a xd pnod. Thu p

y oss1o o anoer nssary book.I a ga owvr o oppum o cor

my ogao o h Pd n and llows o Har Co llg o h Nr ossors p Coi, ad a l gad o Profsso Joh L1goLows to h Ms oEo Hos ad Mrs. Mw1h ost pasat mmos o Assoas and Tutorso Hos o Dr Thdor S a o Mr ndMs. A Dw Sld fr al cticsms

and sggsos.I m rgrt h whl I was rarg s lcturso y An M I. A. Rihars ws Eg-l; ad wl I wa pr o pbht gd w Ana I ad pd tht

g a b of s cr 1sT.SE


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4th, 9

'

he whole count I ow xcid by e pocacapg ad a codto of maoa eoo.

The be of he ospec a reogaao of paeee o ey a a d1ec e of e pee co-e bewee he Repbca ad he Deoca Ba adca chage 1 o o be hoped o

hee wod occ a ee we by Chae EotNoo o Sepebe 4 86 The pee ece

have o coce wh poc; have beg Wth a poca qoao oy a a ede of he vaed eeof he choa ad h who h fodo coeoae he ece o ch fodao foe

who ca e, a o ypay ad adao o e whoe eoy he ece ae eded o keep vg ae o Noo had he o d pqae of a Oc d, wch ae pobe ho e

bee of eveed eg0 d he ea gf wchae pobe wo ge o o e e g o ae coageo g o coepae e bea hg:ha eogh fo oe a e Few e ve ko

bee he how o gve jU pace o e ca of hepbc d he pve fe few e hae had be few of oe hav p v


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NN

ae e 1t bet tha e T ul poche a of pbic irs rarly b to go to th 'pbpce out aung te pub fc: Noton awpeved pacy. An vg s e no·Cs socy and a old hh he sa t oh de o the Atltc shoed gns of eay ed the tanda of th ay a hua t

he ke H wa abe, even at a a ag to loo pg ore wout rgt ad tows the coore wout ope lettr of Dcebr e spaor strongy a moe copenvely thn thtwhich I hve quotd

The futur vry dk Europ a to t looks f we were nten upon po uite ne hstorone wlch e queton o ch ptes Vded fom hch outbra ftr outbe of paO dvolec as wll not onger be potcal but m

mdately oc Whehe ou peod of ecoocetepe ted copeto nd este d-vidsm s t ghet stage of hun poge to very doubtul; nd some , whe I see te xgcodos of uropea (to sa nog of ec)

socal ode bad a ey re fo he a of upr lowe clase, I oner hethr our cvtn c a-tan te gat the focs ch ar bng ogefo desco of any of h ttuons wc s bodd or wher not to v aor o

c fa nd ru revvl ht of rst hudr yar of our r. It woul ot gv much o kow ths wr to h s o who

1


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N R C N

n ht ty t th pnt dy ry bt gr tht 1t nt t pvg n t pnt b 1

T d t h mny h pprh ntmpry pbm th m dgm mptnthn Ntn' n giv n Yt f hm th pmnntmprtn f tt f nt f dgm xd pt.T pp h t f It y hn

bm bb th pp h t pdrt t mv thght nd nby. Thptry f pp t t f fm h pp' phnd tn gv t It nd rprnt It hgt ptf nn It gtt p nd It mt d

nbtyn th t I v d mh m him f pty h py If nd my bjt nt my th n f m t pty f by tht m th dy py nd d

nd IS fr ndd gd pt f im h ntdmpy h prut f n t t qn Lt mtrt th pptn tt d n htptry IS r h It d r gt t d f ht t d t t nd xmng h n f ptyd h f b f hm W myvn dvr tht hv n vry d f t t n rt hd btt nt m tht n

I h nt bg t y gnr dn f ht d t nt py, r ny dn f hr pty

nd b y vr r ny ndtin f h df1y quoo om Norton's lee a ken o th L

L (ogho, · 2 vo)


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TT

frce bw� oey-v autei d h po oe nhei. Ctim, howee ma be epateom he begmg o o tw kd bu adg t owo tendeos. I aue tat o is at dee thght wch ether eek ou wh pe iwht t e i wht dee I e wh It i we dhy ed o etd o wIh mg o cocous o

uco0u un tat we d w thee g,aee cul oe We d h goo t he degn th thee bu hee e the oe wh t ed t prf. cm o coue eve doe t what pe i the ee vg dequa e

deno) bt I d t w o wh e uh enowo ld be i 1 wee ou No c cm eve ve at p o �t . Bu ee e hee woheoe t o nm: e o whh we eo we he queo wh oe?' he he

goo oem o heoen i gent wi ce owe he eod queno beue o heo a t w not odd upon exee o good oe; bu o the ohe hd o e peeeo oe vove g del o ge esg v

The wo queno wh ee he m boulo o wht 1 fa f beig bc vy ech ohe he cc who em woh edgh ed, i h h 1 e ecd wee boh que At ode m wh t we oe o wg upo

o doe I t, qUke ou peco o he Geeka at; Coledg m h ee h e oo o ge b e

6


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I N O D U C T O

wh re o the geates mteest; d Wodso, i hsexpnon of hs o poey kes sseons bout theaue o poe ch exeSSve have a de beag eve e y have esed. I Rhads oough o o anyone does eqpet hesen cc eeds tes s tat 'boh a pss0te koedge o poey d piy o dspsioae psyoo yss ae eqed. M Rad e eve seousc o poe s seous oas e Hs ecs oheoy o vue 1s oe I cno aep o ahe Iaot acept y su heoy hh IS eeced upo puey

dVdu-psyhoog oudons Bu his psychoogy

o he poec expeece is bsed upon s o epeieeo poey s ty s ls heoy o vue ses o o hssyhooy Yo ay be ssased h s posopocusos but s beeve ( do) his dsigtste m poe But o the ohe had you hd o

he s aby to e good poe o bd oe you oud pt e ee upo the vy o oes ode to yse e ejoye d ppeao o ood poe he c us ave expeened he enJoyet d he ust oe us o hs se Fo he expe

ee o eoyg bd poe e hg is a goodoe s vey ee o h o enog a good poe

e do expect e ho theoses o o good poe he he sees t t S ot ys ue h peso o os a good poe e he sees te us hy

s a ood poe The expeee o poey e y oheepeee s oy pay asbe to o to h h says eve hat a poe

1 U


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hat , but wht t Ad ko hat opopl who a mncut ad caot ay hy hy po y hav dp d o dcatg i-by th o otr who ca alk gby abo 1t; w be too that pot 1 ot wt ply opoVd al fo covo. Ev th o accophd of cc c th d oy pot to pot

wch s to to b t l tg Nl og about poty a pat of a x0 of ou xp of d a good dal of thmg ha go o hag of poty o a good dl y w go o h udy

of t T t of cc 1 h aby to c a good

po d JC a bad po ad 1 o oft ab o ct a good po o pod poply oa uano ' xpc of poy a t dlop th coc1u ad at po o ly u oft xpc of good po Educano poy

q ogao of th xpc h 1 oo of who bo wth o who ddly ac apb o la bl dcao ad ah po who xpc 1 td 1 alay ab ob k by ha o t adulta acl ad w

no a ao of ud ad bgk by h ha ad h adlt t ow ndd pf fo hy a o al aablt th nc Yt a g b o poplI b ha h anv capac fo joyg good

po: ow h o how ay dg of capacty aypoabl b hd 1 ot pat of y p po It oly xcpo ad cay


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N N

who he ourse o me omes o ass and ompares experenes, o see one he gh o ohes and who, asDS poeiC expeenes mupy, w e ae o undersaneah more auraey. The eemen o enoymen s earged o appreaOn, wh rgs a more eeuaadd0n o he og ens1y o eeg seonsage our undersang o poey, when we no onge

merey see and ree, bu orgase e may even speo a d sge, one o reorgsaon a age wha person aready eduaed poery mees wh somehgnew s own me and ds a ew pae o poeryarangg se onsequene

Ts pae, whh we orm our own ou oou own readg o poery ha we have enoyed, a ko answer, wh we make eah o mse o he ueson wha IS poery? A he s sage we nd ou whapoery y eadg 1 and enoyg some o wha we ead

a aer sage our perepon o he resemnes and derenes eween wha we ead or he rs me and whawe have aready enjoyed se onues o our enjoymen e ea wha poery 1s we eve earromeag u one gh say ha we shoud no e abe o

eogs poey partiuar ness we had a nae deao poer gener. A any rae, the ueso wha spoey?' ssues qe nauray rom ou expeene opoems Even, hereore, ahough we may ad ha eworms o eeua atvty seem o hae ess o show o

hemseves, n he ouse o sory, the way o ooksoh eadg hn does sm oud appea harsm e any posop aty s vae an


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N R O D U O N

q no JUscaon. T ask 'what Is poey? is tps he ucal fnn

Isppse ha may pepe e hgh ms

haecrred, a a sme peods when great poetry s en here was n ren s; and hat n ome eds wh mch CrOISm has been Wen thea f e pe has been feor s fa has sg

gsed an anheSS beeen he al and he reave beteen cal ages and reae ages; nd I IS omemeshg ha ccsm shes ms a es when reae VIgr 1s defe S h ch a prejde mdha peple hae pled Wh cl ages he adee

Alexandan eera gs assmpons ndee s predce lg a cnfn between eer rengs d beeen wr f ery erent qay cded der rsm I am sg he er csgh these lecres hpe y wl dscer w

a pret nar exensn I hae n desre t exenae thece f e nmber f bs wh pass by thadesgna r ae az habt o bstg for ael sdy f e ex e aSSaon of her peopespns pele y re hen tey had mehg

say d eer merely beae hey ed t re a b r becase the ed a pn sh that eg f bos wa expeed of e he as osm d be why f prpron to em nmber of cal bs r reag Neere

les hse h spe as ccs were an cpaon fdeadene ad a sympo f n a ase of e reaet f a peple slate he rsnes f ltera-


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R O D O

ture, to te etent of falscaon from the circumstanesof fe Such changes as that fom the epc poem oposedto be rected to the epc poem compose to be rea orhose wch put a en to the popula balla are separ-able from socal changes o vast scale, such chges have alays taken place a always i W P Ker, hessay on 'The Forms of Engsh Poety, observe hat

he art of the Mle Ages generay

coporate ansoca; e sculpure or example, as s oun on he greacatherals. W1th the Renaissance e mve of poery schange. In the Mdde Ages there a natural leness tothe Gree condons after the Renassace there a con-

scous ad tenona reproducion among the moenatons of the condons wich prevae he poetry oRome Gree poety many respecs s meaeal eLat poety o te grea age s Renassace a tatono types eve rom Greece w1h qe erent crcum

staces an a d erent relaon of he poet o auenceNot tat La or mode poy s usoal It s te that the tenency of moe art cug poy isoften con o he popular taste of s tme the poes areoten et o temselves to d the temes a elaborate

ther modes o expresson i soltue, wth reslts tat areoen ou as perpleg ad oensve, ad as neggblas Brogs oro was geeray found to be.

ha s tre o he or changes the form o poetrys tue also of the change om a preccal o a

ctcal age t s true o the change from a preplosophcalo a posopcal age; you o eplo S uesso deprecate plosophy Yo may say hat te develo

1


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I T I O

e o cncis 1s a sympo of th e develo pm e , ocage o poey; d he develope o oey el sym pto o soca cages. Te Ipott omet ohe appearace o cnc ee to be e e we poer ceases o be the expess o e d o wole peop The m o Dyde, wc fue e ceoccas10 o s cal wg s o ed by Dyde' pe

ceo a te possbes of wg e mode oSespeae were exausted, he for pests teagedies o sc a wt Suey ( wo m c oe po dat Ius coedes) aft d ad sesby oEgad as ateed Bt Dyde was o wg pl o

e woe peope he was wtg a o u ad otgow o o op la ato o opl eemets o te accpce o wrc had eeoe o coe byd10 og a m socey. Soetg sla ade pd y he Seeca dass. B p o

soCey o wc Dyde's wok ad a o Resoa-o coeda, cold mdily ae cosedsoethg e eeca asocacy e e poed a age wc ee 1s o eecaasocacy we powe s he d o cass so deo-

cased a ws sa cass epeses se o e e woe a; we te oy eaes see o be oa o a coene o o sooqse he fces o e poead o m ecoe geae\ e essayo wch I ae JU oed Ke says:

Tee 1 o dob m e eee cey poesae oe le o teees ha ey ee e egeead e es s Wstae egt ad wek-

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INTRODUCIO

ness he herc deendence oBrowg ad deeda te advenrous cacus oety o te neteencentuy s cosey reated to ccsm, and to te ececceang c ranges ove he oe word seach arstic beauy The themes ae tae om a the agesa nd countes the oets are ececc stdns and ctcad ey ae JUsed as exorers ae jsted; they sac

ce at exorers sacce en tey eave ther navehome I sha not be sundestood I rema thatte v1ctoes rg aong th them some danger notor temsees at east or the ash10n the traon oety

The gradu cges the uncto o oetry as socetyaters hoe emerge somewhat ater we have considered seea ccs as reresenaves o sevea generaons Dug tee hundred years ccsm has come tomoi ts assumiOns and 1ts uoses and t w sure

conue to do so There are severa ors wc rtCSmay take there Is aays a arge rorton o ccismc I retrograde or rreevant ee are aways many wters wo are qaed ehe by nowedge o the ast nor y awaeness o t�e snsty and the roems o e

reset u eaest ccsm uder the uence cassca studes and o taan ctcs made vey argessumons about the nature and ucon o teraturePoetry was a decorave art an art or wch somemeextravagnt ms were made ut art In c e

same rcies seemed to od good or evy cvsaad or every society; t was n art deey aected tee o a new soca cass oy oose (at bes) ssociated


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NRODCO

wih he Crc, a cass seonco Is posseio fe mystee of Lan nd Geek. n Egad he cicalfoce e o e new coa bewee a ad veacame i he xeen cey wjs he degee oeiace Tha S o ay o e ae wc 15 epeeefo us by Spene an Shaeeae, e ew oe mae he nae ge a dd o ovwem 1 he p

oe of my eco eceWl

be o ve o e m fs peo he de wh oes o eem o me o aeeceed I he ex ae e ea wo o De iccm I , ha a he gh ome he ecmeconc of he necey of amg the ae eeme

eae Dden S oe concOy Eg lU ya wee s eecsos; s eay o e daa and ohe a of anao ae coscO sde of he ae fhe Eng eae e E nguage ad ee adapaon of Chauce 1s aeo of he ave ao

-ahe hn wa 1 as omeme bee ae o e ag aec f o apecae he ea of eCaucean angae and e Wee he Ezaehancc o e mo a wee awae of someg o eboowed o aae om aboad Dyde was awae of

omeg o be eeed a home B ougou seo nd fo c oe one aumpo emaedhe same: e ampon a o wa was he ue of poeyAy eade of Sney' Aologfor Potry ca ee a msomouso aa wom e defend poey ae men of

aw, ha he cone o ag e sympay of see wh h he ee eoy ha o asmse e queso wa oe I o wa doe o

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INTRODUCN

wheer ts desable. Sney' s smpon is ha poegives a once degh an scon, and I n adomenof socia fe an an honor o e naon

am very fr from sseng fro se asspos sofar s hey go; my po 1s a for a log e ey ereever qesone or moe a urg a me greapoer as ren and some ccsm ch js becaseof Is assmpons has permen srcon o gve I oddee a a age c e se of poe soegagreed pon yo are more ely o ge a ne dscrplos eamaon of fecy a blems e by ne c xs cospcosy absen fo e ccs of or e

ccs ch sees o eand of poery no sll be el ren b h s be represene ofs age' s a e g spse oe enon o hecoecess of epressOn o he cliy or obscy o egramacl precon or naccracy o e coce of ors

eer JU or proper eaed or vlgar of or verse: sor o e good or ba breedng of or poes My poere is a a gre change i e ade os poe e epecOns an emas made pon t come e may say for convenience ors e end of e egh-

eenh cenr Worsoh an Coledge are no ereydemoshg a ebased radon b revog gas hoe soca orer an hey beg o make clms fopoery ch rech her ghes po of eaggeraon eys famos prase poes are e ncknoledged

legsaors of ankd' Ear e adaors of poey adsd e ame g, b no men he same g:eey (o borro a sccessf phrse o r Bead


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INRODU

Shaw) was th rst ts tradt0n, of Ntur's MP.sIf Wordsworth thought that h was smply ocupd wt

form of laguag was dcvd h wasoccu wth rvoluon oflaguag, ad s own languag was as

capabl of aca, and no mor capabl of naturansshan that of opas Byron ft, and as Coldg candyontd out. h dcay of rgn, and th attton of

pocal sttuos l dubus fronrs upon wch thot croachd and th axatons of th pot wlgtsd by th For log tm th pot s thpst hr ar s bv, popl who ag thatthy daw gus ant rom Browng o Mr

h But th nxt stag bst mpd by Matthwold. Aold was too tmprat and asoabl a mato mata acty that rgus struton s bst convyd by poty ad h hs had vy ttl to convybut h dscovrd a w ormula poty s ot rg,

but t s captal substtut for rgnot vad portch may ld tsl to hypocsy but co outca and ta thout tan. Th dotr ofAod wasxtdd, also somwhat travstd, th doctr ofart for ars s' s rd ght sm rvrson o h

slr fath of an ar m wh th pot was a dtst, a ma wth a dt job But t as y aoplss adsson of sponsbty. Th potry of rvot adth poty of rtrat a not of th sa d

o m w hav movd und vaous mpusos,

w poos O th on had th study of psychology pld mn ot oy to vsgat th d of thot wth a codt s wc has d to som fantastc


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INTRODUCN

excesses d aberrat cnticlsm, but so to vesgat ted of the reader ad the probem of' commucao-a word wch perhaps begs a quesj O the other hadthe study of story has show us the reao of both formad cotet of poetry to the codt0s of Its me ad pac. Te psycoogica ad the socogica are probabythe two best adversed vanees of modr cntcsm; but

the umber of ways wch the probems of cncsm areapproached was ever befor so great or so cofsgNever were there fewer setted assumpos as to what poery Is or why It comes about o what t IS for Cntcsm seems to have separatd to severa dVerse ds

have ot made ts bnef revew of the progess ofcncsm order to ad u to associag mysef With ay partcuar tedecy of moder cncsm east of a thesocogca suggest that e may ear a good de aboutcncsm ad about poetry by exag the htor of

crcm ot merey as a cataogue of succeSve otosabout poetry but as a process of readustmet betwee poety ad the word d for whch t s produced eca ea sometg about poety spy by studyg what peope hae hougt about t at oe penod after aother

wout comg to he stug cocus that here othg o be sad but ht opo chges ecod thestudy of cncsm ot as a sequece of rdom coJectures but as readaptat, may aso hep us to draw somecocusos as to what S permaet or etea poet

ad wht s merey the epresso of e spt of a agead by d1scoverg what does chage, ad how ad why, we may become abe to apprehed what does o chge


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Ad by mvsngaug e problems of wh hs seed oe ag atr t attr, b y xag rcs

ay swathoe o

xt r o nhas ad eate ouseles fo s of r pr-JUsf I q at ts pt tw pssages w aav s10 t o q g. The rst is r Dre'sPrace to Annus Miabil:

'T st appss of e poes o 1s popeleo, o e of he tgt; he seod fny o t vaao vmg o oul of o, a t jgt rprst oe t t su-Je; he r S elouo o t rt of og a ao

g tat tgt W a vad i p s1 ad soudg ods e qUss o e imo see v o he fer t ay ad taray t prss10.

asg S fo Coees Bgaph

LtaaRpat daOs s o suspe ta

Fac Iago r o s d wdly - e fules istd of be o o e eelbee e1he o as oe e, o ures

oe d e dee of oe e se oI o es o oeve oe pose so of e Grkaaaa t Lat maga; b qy tat a t tt ofo e lee, oso gd sese ok

prrssvly o csose ose ors olo se :g oux of s suplid o e o ooeeou lues e


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RDCON

the Germa . Mto had a hghly imaave, Cowleya very facful d1

The way m wc e expresso of the wo poets adcntcs Is eterme by ther resecve backroud s verymarke Eve also the more develop sate of dof oene: s eater awareess of ploloy, ad scoscou eerao o ake cera wor ma cer-

tamths But wa we ve to coser Is, wheter what

we ave ere s wo adcaly opposed eoes of Poecmaao, or weher e wo may be recoced afterwe ave e accout of he my causes o er�cewc e fod e assae of me bewee Drye's

eerao Coenges ay appear hat most of wa ave sd wle mayave some bear o e aprecao d uerstdof oery as vey le to do he wg of t Wee ccs are temselves oets may be susecte at

ey ave fome e cca statemets w a ew oJUg e oec racce Sch crcs as e woasages quoe s ardy desged o fo e sye oyoger poes; I raer at ts bes, acco of epoes eenece ofs o oec acVIy relaed e

may remk here as we ywhee tht the statemen con- ed :s lst sentene ble to opeae aon \on upon he d of te eader. We tht Mo muh poet hCowey, d o oe d supeo We en ondehout exaon a the derence mye omuatedy neat es d aept ot eaaon te don eteen

g dy whCoedge has done no moe hn poThe thesS o gy ag o eemen o rsasion 8


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INTRODUCTI

ofs own d. The cca d opratg i potr tcrcl ort wch goes to the wtig of t may wyse i advance of the crica mnd opratg poet

wheher t be on's own or so oe lss I oy athat the S a sgct elatOn btee th bes potry h bst cc of the a peod e g of 1c1sms ao he age of cl poetr Ad when I sp of

ode potys

beg exteely ccalI

man tha tconteporar poet, who s ot merly copos ofgraceful verss- forcd to ask slf sch qustons ha IS poetr for?, no mer what a I o sa? btraher how d to who I to say ?' We he o co

catet cocao fo te od my begthe qsoan xpeence which 1s not an experience te orary sense, for may ony eXs formed out om persona epeencs ordered some ay wcmay e e derent fro h way of atn of prac

ce m th expresson of 1t poetry s a for ofcocaon et hat wch to be cocated 1s thepo t and oly cdetay the periene and thhoght wch hae gone to t h pos etence soewhe etween t wtr and the adr; t as a

re wch 1s not sp ly the rey of wht h wrter 1strg to express or ofs peenc ofrtg t or ofhe eperence of he reader or of he er as reader Coneqe he proem of wha a poe es 1s a good dealore dc th at r appears If a poe of e

eed Ash-Wesday ev goes to a seond edton Iave ght o rg to t he e of Byron roDon]uat:

30


30/156

INTRODUCN

Sme he ccsed me strnge designAgst the creed nd mrs f ts nd

And trce It s pem eery eI dnt pretend th qte ndestnd

My wn meng when wd be neBt the ct Is tht I he ntg ped

Ecept pehps t be mme mery ..

There I sme sund cc dmnn these es Bt pem Is nt jst ether wht the pet pnned r whtthe reder cnceies nr I ts use' restcted why twht the uhr tended r t wht 1t cty des

fr reders Thgh the mnt nd the y f thepesure wch ny wr rt hs gen sce It cmet eXstence I nt Irreent, s we neer dge t by tht nd we d nt s, ter beg gety medy the sght piece f rchtecture r the dn f

pece msc wht h een my enet r prt rmseeg ths tempe r herg ts msc? ne sensethe quesn Iped y e pse the use f pety snnsense Bt there Is nther meng t he quesAprt frm the ey f wys wch pets he used

ther rt With greter r ess sccess, wt desgns f strucn r persusiOn there I dt tht etwshes t ge pesure t entert r dert pepe; dhe shud rmy e gd t e e t fee tht he etertment r dersn s enyed y s rge d us

nmer f pepe s pibe hen pet deerteyestcts s pbc by hs ch0ce f stye f wrng fsbectmtter ths spec stn demndg ep


31/156

U

ano ad extuaon, bt I d ot whthr tis ve[hppe. t 1 o th g to w m yl ch readypopul, a ao to hop tht o' wg my vtly oe popr Fo o pomt of v1w h popr to he oo of th -h o Begple of alteg hi e to t prag tat ihe ny h tly JeS St o OCty Wc'

he y beom pop i

wh ow taewl e p to the et H accog Vay mte-ed m th s o poty Th qe tr w eo ag opo o th e o poty g the t tee ct utr ctc pc ay

th c poV y th pot th

O O CHAR

O T DVLMENT OF TT N PEY

t ay o ioppor t, coxo wh o o eo toche po h ogog haptr os t aks w I d wpo te Dlope oast he y I hop o it-ou so g po t te o m cools

a colege.I my gn g ow stoy nwty

o o h oh h y tr h s y acooplc o h d p ychoogit wh Ipt o h COt tat joty o dr

p to ay tele or oe p o njy- t o poey; that at o aot y joy o

� s o that a oi

32


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then nd thmsvs possssd f a craVg r poy wch whoy drnt fm y njymnt xpncdbfr. I do no w whthr tt gus hav a rntast n potry rom tt bys, bt th rspnss oh attr I bv to b fary rm Hor Bri of Jo Moo Bokb Tyson'£Reven, sm th bord baads· a Wg r mt

ad sanary ptry is no mr t b dscagd anamnts w1h ad sors and pa-shtrs h ypar hat I got frm Shakspar was th psr ob cmmndd f rag m, had I bn a cd mr dpndn md I shd hav rfsd t rad m

a a Rcs h frqnt dcpns f mmory, Ism t mmbr tha my ay for th st o vsa sma bys d vashd at abot th ag of twv, av m fr a cp of yars h sot rst mpoty a l I c ca cary nogh h momnt whn,

a h a f frn or so, I happnd t pck p a cpy Ftzgrads Oma wch was yng abt, d th amostvrwhg odc o a w wrd of ng

wch :s pm wa h ccas0n of v m It w a sddn nvrsn; th wrd appad w, patd

wh brght dcos ad p cs hrpon Ito h adoscnt cs Byrn, ShyKats Rss, Swb

I :s pd to hav prsstd abt my twntyscnd ya B a pod f apd assaon, th nd

may nt now th bg s dn may th tatbcm L th s pod cdhood n byond

wch I da sy mny pop nv advc s hat


33/156

N R O D U

s fo poetry ey reta ater 1s on a s . ental meoy of the pleaue of youth, ad 1 pob d wth ou ote seet rtospectv fs It no dobt a peod of kee enjoyent; bt ust ot onfse h tensy of h poetiC xpe adosene h tnse expeece of poet At peod the poe o t poety of a le poet

te youful cosc0es aue copete posn for a e We do ot eay see t as soeng eXstnce ousd ursee c as our yoexpenes of o e do no so ch see the perso f te eSe of som ode obc s

moon these ew ad dehtful fee we abobd The feqnt esult oubust of scbb wh a tao, so og e are awar the eag of he wod 'ta ch e emplI s no debra he of a poe o c bt w

nder a d of dmo posseSo y on poehe or ate age of enoymet of poety, co

whe we es to 1de oele wt appen to be eag, hen ou ccal faculties eawk we e ae awae of at oe poet ca be e

ped to ge ha he ot he poe has ts owene apar om s 1t as hre before us and edre te us It s oly at s stage that he eade 1 pe ped o sngUsh betwen derees of reaes poet befoe a sge he c oy e expeced to

bewee gne he sha-e capaci te latt so s ays prae aoecece wil ot e ag


34/156

NRDCTN

m any objecuve ore of eece, bt by he pesoaacciet wch pt them to eao Wh ; ISght. ot whee t posibe to expa to schooce or eve degaates he eeces of egeeamog poet a obt whethe It I W!e to t teyhave ot yet ha eogh expeece of fe for thee mateto have mch meag The peepo of why hakepeae

o Date or ophoce ho the pace he ha I soethg wc comes oy ve owy e coe ofvg Athe ebeate atempt tO gappe Wth poey Ch otata cogea some of wc eve wl besho be a ve atr acUVt ee an acVy wch

we epay he eot bt wch cot be recommeeto yog peope wthot gave ge of eaeg theisesbiiy to poey a cofog the gene dvlopmn of tae wh he ham acqso of It

t so be cea hat te 'eveopmet of 1

abstactio To set befoe oesef the go of eg ae toeJoy a m the pope obective oer of met goopoety s to prse a phaom the chae ae whch

sho be e to ose whoe ambio t to be cuvate or te fo whom at s a lu ace a

appeciatio accompshet Fo the eveopmet ofgee tate foe o gee feeg I ecae

fom the eveopmet of he pesoa caacteGee tate s away pefect ate-bt we re l maer of act Impefect peope he whoe taste

m poey oes ot bea he tamp of s pacar pe1Img sntfs o b dawn dsci of

don opona ca.

3


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I N T R O D U C O N

so tat th ar rcs wat h at , as as rsmbls ad res ay f g h sa ts apt t a vy -s pro o suss poy. W ay vnsay a t av tt 'tst ptry tha bs t sa p ot to ayt at Os po t b Isat o os r trsa passios; t s d atd by as d as s 1s d

Ts ot s a rodtry t a ar ad q: r atpt to tah sts to apprat Esh at s b ad t a ad atro t ta sh trat a ty ay aa l at


36/156

O L O G F O R T O S S O F B R O

25 2

The teray cm of te Ezbe pd nvey geat buk; t te ccout wc GegeStsbuy s g1ven tee ct ts k be vey uc

tO , fom s Cical vluon tee nt uc tOetct. W conces me ee s te gene pn f tc stuents ar ey to fo eon to te petyf te ge, n accunt f wo 'lst causes wc tccs capOne Te censue f te ppu a

the ttept to ruce e sevee cssca fuste by te essay of Plip ney, te censuefye vese an te attempt t tuce se pton of cssc fos luste by te essy of

piOn gt e tken an ve been tken as stgexaples of te fuy of coecve ctics, an of tesueot of eBecve spon ove ccuon If an s tat n such clea contst possble tat telaon of e ccal to te ceve ws no one

sple tgos te Ebetan ge t w be esefo e to emostte te cy f te ceative tecca at a ate pe

Eveyne e pons i i

Ei i Dels R apn woxcept f haespeae w te os ccope astef ye yc f s e, w cey n we po-


37/156

A P L O G Y F R

on for atta rhyme, as Dael h repl was noslow to obeve. H treate s known to ost peomerely as the repostor of two very beatful peceRoseheeed Laura ome and Ravn a beo, and o number of oe exeres ot of wch by ther feoy bear ne aas m xpeentaon Wth eclascal metre s les deded to-day than t was before te

e of Robert de I do not beeve that ood nsvee c be wtten qute the way wh Capoadvocates, fo 1t 1 the natural geus of the lanuae, annot anc1ent authoy tat ut decde; better scholar tan have upected even that La verscan was too muc

uenced by Greek odels I do not even beeve that emetc of eamen o eauy successfu and I haveawa preferred Dr dge' earer and ore conventonal vere to s ater expeents. Ezra Pound eaareon e oher hand s a agcent parapase eplot te

resources of a paren language; I discern ts benecent uence upon the work of soe of the ore terestgyounger poet toda ome of the ole fors of Engsvecaon ae beg revved to good purpoe But thepont to dwe upon 1 not that Campon was altoether

wrong for he was not or that he was copletely downeby Danel rejoder nd we mut reembe that ohermater Dnel was a ember of the claSScSng schoolThe rest of he controversy between Capion ndDel is to estabsh both that the Lan etre cannot be

coped in Engh and that rhye 1 neher n eenal nora supeuty Frtheore no poodc syste ever

vtd can each ayone to wte good Enh vere t 1


38/156

C O U N T E S S O F P E M B R O K E

as Mr ou has so o rmarkd, th musal pasthat mattrs Th gat ahvmnt of Ezabth v:a s th dvopmnt of bla vrs; t s th ramatpots and vntua Mlton, wo a Spnsr's tru hrsJust as Pop who usd what 1s noml th sam form asDrds ouplt bars t rsmblanc to Drdn andas th wtr to-da who was gnl und bop would hardl wt to us that oupt at , so thwtrs who wr sgal und b Spsr arot thos who hav attmptd tO U s taza, whh Itabl Th sond gatst aompst of th ag th l an th l of Shakspar Camp10�

ows ts baut ot pma to s us of rhm or to tprfto of a vrs form but to t fat that t s wttnto musa form; 1t s wttn to b sung Shakspar'sowldg of mus har kl to hav b ompaabl to Camp's; but that ag a wtr ould hardl

sap kowg a tl I an hardl ov suh a song asCom away deah bg wttn xpt oaboratonw1th th musan ut to rtu to Camp1o a

1When Mr. Dkate says (V r 'hre Is no no nwvese form to be scoverd ngsh s s o conception offouha precds novly He rely ms thee can be no n vrsfor xaly ke the old ons -o ke ha e hks he old onsare a cs book on he rlaon of py msc, tndefor raders t no cc nodg o msc Mag Mldy,by John ay Gbbon (Dn)

2h rel speiry of Shakespeares songs over pons s no be fod so o speak ly b sttg Iav elshcomnd pon he ese draac val of spaes sngs pos here thy occr e pays

3


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A P O L O G Y F O R T H E

cr he cotovey mportt, ot bece itera quite gt r wong but bece t I prt of ule beee ae d foe1g elees s he esof wch ou eatest poety ws creted. Cpo pusho a extee heoy wch he d ot melf ofepacise but the ft th people cod then thk alouch es I c

The essy of dey whch ocur he pssge ic e coteporar sge, so euetl uoted mahave bee copsed as ealy as 180; t ay re, c0pod bfoe e gea play of he age ere we Weca hrdl suppose the we wo m ag howe

o oy a vey apeao of Chvy Case, but so ofhauce s fo menon wha is huce' etepoewould hve bee Impercepve o he ecelece of Shakesere Bu whe we th of he ul-ue of bd play he number o precou bu imper

fect play, wch Sdney dd no ve to re or ee pefoed, we cao dey ht h leon hve oecon to hwhole peod We e pt tg o e e o Shkespeae o age oetg e feed ih tae d e whea luuated wch he

oe od n have bee eadcaed thou sk to hette L boh go ogehe he havest I otcled to de e excepo umber o wtes of repoeic d dac geus; u I cot help reetht soe of h bes plys e no better tha hey e

So falleh It ou sas Sdey tht hvg eed no ghoedy, h coca pt of our red we hve o bu su uorhy of y chaste e o ome

4


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C O U N E O E M B R O E

extreme show of dolnsess, deed t to Lft up a oulaugter d ohg else.' He is perecly rigt TheCgng s oy a soa eample ts etreme cotras bewee e gradeur of h m pot ad he auseousess o te secoary pot om wch 1t has ts tleThe plays o Marsto ad Heywood-e latter a wter osome teac ay e omer cosderaly more

are slary dsgured Wic of moo we aee odd spectace of pay cog coc ad ragcelemets eac prey certaly cotuted y a


41/156

A POLOG Y F O R T H E

substed for evoo to 1ve law. The ramanc po

who c engoss te eader's o te audtos attent

dung the spe of a Brnice 1s te most c1vilsed da-

st-though no necessly the geatest, fo there are o

quahnes to constder.

My pot 1s ts: tat te Ezaetan ama d tend approh t nit o ing wi Sne eses Fro

the trage or istorym

wi the coc eement ws1mp eft ba to be suped y soe cown favoued bthe pt (as some of e frce Fauts I suposed to e areVato o the gags of one comeian) te aa greto atuy m, for eae Crolau Volpoe, an

later geneon Th Way of the old. n It did tis ntbecause doce asts obeye the wses of Se btbecause e 1provements advocatd y Sdney apeneto e hose wic a maturg cvsan woud e fortsef The doct of Uy of Sentmet act aes

to e gt An I tk, m ssg tat s1my ecause wehv een ed o ept he 'coc ee no on as of e law ozbetn ma, we ae soeesmundrtod the tenon of te ramast as for -stane eang h Jw f Maa a e-snue ra

ragedy sgred y clWh eevances of doutftate we hv sse ts pot.

Some ojecors ma bg owad Shaespeae e1tera a tumpant exeon t ts teoy o as a tumreftaon of t I know we ow icut 1t s to t Sake

see to any teory eseciay f t e a theoy aboSeseare; and I cat here undertae a comple

jcaon, o ete upon a te quacaos tat t

4


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O U N T E S S O F P R O

hory rqrs But w strt th o rf s pr-l nssty of th tm for th wtr who h to mks by w plys Wht s ry trst wht hkspr m of ts nssity I th tht whn w tu to Hen V w oftn f tht wht w wnt torr n r ovr r th Flst psos rthr thth pol hfu of h Ks prty n t vr

ss. Tt is n rror As w r from Prt I to Prt IIn s Flst not mrly uttos pl prsrnt to ir of tt but his bn of on-spts n onvrs ith lol mts w tht hrf hs bom sous ontrst n tht po sr

issus from t. Heny V h two lmnts r smorfs, so tht w hv not mrly hrol of ks nuns but uvrs omy wh tors tprt on vnt But t s not th istors plys of trnsint n ussftory typ tht w n th o

rf most nrly tkn up to ihr uty of fn weh Nh n Me Nh Dea th frilmnt IS ssntil to ptt mor omplx bort ht ny onstrut by rmst bfor ors Th o on th Gt Mabeh hs bn Cit

too oftn for m to ttnon to t lss hy s thsn upon Pompys y nony an Ceoaa. Tssn is not ony tsf proiiOus pi of por

A brs th thir prt of th worl mn .

but s ky to vryn ht prs n foows. Tomonstrt s pot to your ssfon wou, I know


43/156

L F O R T H E

q a whole essay to 1tsl£ Hee, I cn only rm at

r m he violn of contrst bwen te tagic d

oc h n e bahti in e plys f Sh

k-pare dsappeas m l atung wor; I oy hop ta

a cpasn f The Merchant of Veice, Hmlet d The

epest w lad othrs to same conclusio. I was oc

censure fr ggg t m Hamlet Sakesper

a dg Wih 'mrctble aeal·

y wods wrevn iptd s ama that Criolanus 1s a gra

play han Hamlet. Ia notvey uc mtrestd m cdg

mh ply f Sespeare lS geae an wch othe; b-

caus I am mre ad re tsted, ot m ne play or an-

t but i Saseare' wk as a whle. I

do no 1t ay dgn to sugst that Saespae not uced: suh a suggs would py vey narow vf ue. H sces must alwys be cone undr-dg f a he td; a bev tat to

s pa faes s o rc t rcognon f egrass oe losly an to old tha e ws alwagted en sao I do o d I k , o Tl nd Csd, Al' WTat Ends Wel, to e a whoy scssful' play; bt if an

�e f Spar's plays wre omtted we shoul not beable to ndrstad th est awe a we do.I suc plays, w mst coside ot y he dgree of ucaon ofa thelemts a ' f snment, b te quay and k ft ns t b d an h elorteness of

he pttr f cauon.Ts coderao my ppe o ve ae

away om Sey' s iple setio about


44/156

C O U N T E S S F P M B R K

be obseed m exclumg exraneous atter; bu we arerealy wh he e. S uch, fr the prese fore Uy f Seten But Sdney 1s rthd m lawss re cult bserve fr he sys ruly 'e se

su represe bu oe place ad he uers e presuppse m 1t shud be bh by Astles precep ad reas bu e day Ts f plce and e

s a stublm-block s ld hat we t ln sme waay: a aw ke se hers s uversally v10lae the he herme f Hd

We though dymg whe t sleptAd sleepmg whe ed

u y pmt s sply ha he ues er adcaly hua esao m hat they are laws of aure a a lawof ature ee whe t s a aw f h ture s quiteaother r a hua aw The kd tey law

i which Astole was terested was t aw ha he ado but aw hat he dscered The laws (no rues) ofui of place d e reai ad at eey playwch obsees he n a as maal alow m respect ad degree super o pys wich bserve e

less I beee hat m eey pay m whch they are bserved we y pu up th he Va because wefeel that setg game whch we culd have 1fhe aw obsered Ts is ot to establsh ter lawTere s o her law pssble I 1s ely o recse tat

poetry a m fe our busies s ake e best f a badjb Furtherore we st obsere that the Ues re otr prate ws hey re ee aspects of oe law we

5


45/156

Y O R

ay vwat t a f Uty ofPlac more agrl eee te law of Ut of1e or ve vera; e aVoate bo we obeve more cloe te la of Senen

We art, mot of t uconc1u prejus h e-I mean e ae uon10u of tlarge eleent our feeng c mere 1gnoane an

ere reue I ean Engeg eope aveedate ae exeence oe Ui gly vlated ad peap o na wc e are ore loberve urermorewe ave a natural ev1able d lrgl utae

a e eraure o our o count a anguagead we ave ad te Ue o bed to en eed Greek or Frenc draa ta e ma 1t 1 eaue of e uaa aa form a e do not careor tem o mu a we care for Sakeeare But JUt ael a e do n fo te becaue e repreenhe genu of aen eoe and a fore1gn ongue an enee euded ag e dram for I eee atoe a o Saeee approXae more near b fte e ae hat p eter pa I

wou even go o a to a a e Kg of Dnma endg Haet o nglnd wa ateptg 1atete of Acon. a me far ore for a mn pi attepte uder wa I ave denonae U o Senent 1 ol a g larger ermta

o AonUy, a ter eon o e m

fete w

6


46/156

O U N O P M B O K

'Fs he casal coe ha bds ogeher heseveal pas of a play-he hoghs, he eoos hedsws of e ul e exea eves beg exncably eoe. ecodly he fac a e hole senesf eves h all he oal foces ha ae bog ocolsw ae eced o a sgle ed he aco as 1advaces coeges o a dee po The ead of p

ose g ogh becoes oe aked oeecs ae sbodaed o he sese o a evegogy he ed S ed o e begg Wih eVableceay ad he ed e isce he eag of h

hole

I sold be obvOUS ha e osevace of s ys lead s gve ce daac aenal ohesegy valable evably o ao of he es ofPlace ad ie As fo e Ansole oly easahe casay ha he sal pacice of agedy as o co

e sel so fa as posble o e aco of efohos e oy ode ao o has scceeded obseg y eacly s M Js Joye; ad he hasdoe so ih oly sgh deviao fo he y ofPlace he aco lake place o ea he o of Db

d b S a cobg case ofhe of he oleok B Pp iey Wih he eg of IaaCS po s back ad pobably o havg eadnsole so deely as e had ead La ahos ad Iaacncs idly oly e a le oo fa: he as ngh

pciple d he as USed s SiCUes po he1he authoy for the Umt of Pce s usuy held to be Caste-

veo. hs s not, of ouse Astoe oce


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A P O L G Y F R T H E

dam o Is dy. A grtr cnc Se, gstcuc of um BeJoo y Wi:

'Ikow og c o oe l, xame wg of Ac st mh oe oty or ak al f ; V h lag of jgg a oocg gm w c vy bi co

c c cog. Fo o obono Ac w v o xc c f w w v to ponow1c.I 1 true op g the w o g o coad '

'L Ao o v eir des; but w f co of a why w vd

It w nr m of Countss f P-

brke' c wg w o ete w losly bbo ou b o f BJono, wg ow e o c cv i ropt vwg hs ok. I o o Sy ccm e

y m impreo o fom ih t cd oo t xl o G Dl A T cf c g wc te Co- f Pmok c my v c e oue oEg po 1 g g unc f Spe

p x g ie upon Maoe; M-lo f ho o oeWt lv Mw g d ton w wa

48


48/156

O E O E M B R O

cold done bl vere i a ong poe. So geatthe iuene of Spn ss o a I ould ay ttiout t we gt not ave ad h nt dopenof blk e Su a dvaon n m oud enou�to reu e Coun of Pbrok' fnd nd lavro obut, noug to dgy o or t fo te 1gnoy o way w-born

atu of at o obut uppoter of a fd ee o u fo t two a pol of p trt

ouped te attenon of Ezaben : trole of draa fo nd te po of ver

tq Of fon t y y y poty and te poet I l av o to ay wn Ioe to onat wt te laudaon of te Po yy d w1 o to pak odaon y Matwod uttea nd Wbe pay oru to Sdny

oty w are rpeatedly tod akg nd we a dd at en to a Lpve I pd tote Atotan taon ut none of e wtr o tpod ee to av pnated v depy ino tenon of Te opon of Pato nd o are

bled e juou advrnt on o abooeVew We e woud av u ve at Plato andtote uppog all wdo and knowldeto be luded ytay n tat dve on wrt ty tout t vt to e ped Te noon of

e npaon ade te ot of e poet expeebot ad wodly ut d exet oal un taon out aa Fally poe


49/156

A P O L O G Y F O R T H E

1vs deJght, ct hps mtey to t andt as h ee f cuu; ourt s gius Wh

n p wch hs pets.

Itespsd t scrss f Sey, em ebe s cte o bseations; Putm's refy ph s ms s I m t ccee whes wh h cusces wch ese essys w

uht fh hhI

my b we e w aks pss Gss bcse ls School f Abuse h It s hwe wh embnctht hese cnalts p js bore bef s h fh s s f

growh ad ot of ecyA ts smpe usOs w e emb t

cca qss wch we t b scuss ch teT t f es s s n s s es et y far, and s f st t be pss

f teless but t shs se pcp fte ues:hw s he ey cme bu? o tey f pts s psphes es t e s ery aether, b s h ss h questi: wh 1she c f wh th ccu

s h pps e s te ela- f t cs p m the smass y s h ht s OCe se warees f b e e t e th pce py sci

c yu h s yu c sp A hese p bf hasp

I sh e spe t o pupoe i I hve e h

50


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T E S S F P M B R K E

mpesO tht I wh smply to m the mpotnceof eglected, o the btted gop of tea peoplehose tste sppoed to hve been cote to thtof e ge Hd t bee my tetn I hod hveopted deent cheme of tetmet delt wth themsvelly nd pcl hve hd sometg to syot the specl mpotnce of Jon yly te develop

ent of Engsh poe d of pope comedy My pposes been the to detee the elo of he cclcets to he gee stem of ceve cvt thtfom of tocl vey wch S not coceed ith thetota movement of tete bt w1th-on the lowest level

-mee edbty, d whch m to tell s wht woe c l enoy, wch emphs1e hose boo wchen hve fond t woth the wle to coe to edd wch e vlble o s especve of he stoclpos1o ome of thee wtes e popely goed. The

o of r Pp 1dney excepg few oet re otmog hose to wch one cn et fo pepel efehment; the aa 1 monment of des Bt I hvehed to m tht loog t the peod wth atees he development of the ccl cociOse

d towd poetry yo canot dsocte one gop ofpeople fom aothe; yo cannot dw e d yee 1s bcwte hee 1 he m stem he dm,e seem o hve on the one hnd lmost the whole bodyof men of lette cowd of chol cog down fom

od nd mbdge to p1c poo vg odoeedy and ofe most despete me of talet nd othe the e s sebabos pbc, fond


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G

o ad awy ud mh te sam o opeop wom one encounters the loca ouy theatrtday cav cap amusement to t th1r oonsaos ter rh and sas their uosty; betw s an h traed a nmeta homo-y o ra, of sns of hour ad sese of h no. T worst fa ha oey a comt 1s to d d th Eatha ramass w mor or eqy savd om dlness or galvase to amaon th necessty to amse Ther vehoo eenepon 1: ty ad o amus o �tave


52/156

H E E D D E NDecmbr

my prev0us ecue was coceed Wih h Ezabeh ncal d exresg Ief efe the gee f re erre of e e hd bee weBee em ad Dde occs e gea cnca ha f ea pe wos crcl wg aeas e qe h ed of e pend. f eaed Be Js's opo w me eec s ceef fr ek wg f e a d

jdge f pes 1s o te fac f pes; d o f aes u e s Neveless hg m o a deu po Ude ofs a aledy ned d c w make ms wse ee Se

d Cm h lr pr f e sxeh ced s wn wards he d fs e geesd ls s cmpeded d heaug f he s d s m see y

ed ess f Sde d s cemoes e he D fos He clled s iscove Te, d me Wh mc degrw deadood so v rees sme places soes press m dul s e sam colc Ao

T sdy f ( w w so) rs o m-


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T H A G E O F D R Y E N

d a cran rul, and at fmg w d hay;pg u a cvil ofes f ci. I W bvTu 1 nu and uch u h dgsou ag ad ou openy; c dveitnta a k cn bad aaW wace, dvie t a anpo hae o cun c ad can

c a te wie and and ha hgh h bole tre n ad nar m Vrtue.'T t t Wh s

nc Att and Tuly, ha h qnn gnan na Mnagn and 1 n r cnc

thn a an c crcuar nd ha ntnun Fan Bac Scda thu adang b dd r r c tasurce tha pt g pau r a a gd u d acn a rag gh

crd h n d a a I a a nd m at lecur, ag h da nc:J a put thm a r h cc h t I u but h a adacd n aut anq d

ent u jc a ng It ar acc COC-1 a h n ch dua u vie h caJ d g H r on aua w'. To t rc ar

u xce a d ' td a a ca: i a Imato, t b ab

4


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O F

cvert the sustes, nhes fote pet t his use.' Whe e me t a passage egg wg there S t e regarded he Iet ad theFas' e ay f e hae aleady ead se latecs expet e tha e get r s a as I udersad Js eas tg re th hat bere yuwe yu ust hae setg t e abut h s a

est trut equty gred h y se areg t ear t rte ad by se thse h e-eavu t teah tg But he e pare suh pas

sages as these fr s th the passage h I uted Dryde my s letue e ee hat yde e

ee fr the rst ie a ma h s speag t t Sr a a essay tte efre Dyde had eayud ut h t te pey t 1s setg veryderet fr a appea t the aets; t s reay aaya I presue t ute t aga r the purpse

clser exaa:The rst happess f the pets aga s prpey

ve r th fdg f the thugt the sed s fayr he vat devg r mulg th thught aste judgeet represets t prper t the subet te trd

elu r the art tg ad adg tathught, as ud ad vaed apt sgat ad sudg rds h ess e maga s see teve the fertity m te ay ad te auray epressi

dg f he thught de t ea dg a pyk , startg th a sypsis f at e arg t put t verse fdg a dea h s ater t


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T H E A G E O F D R Y E N

be 'clohe oe m a athr trl tepeon f mepho. It corepo to he mpon ofy p1eigve wig

Iti o cg

bout fr a u

bje

uo wch, whe oud, e 'agaon S to b exe�ce; or w u ek veo th soe poce oy he whole o whc Drdn csagan, ad n le he whle f whc co

pod o e ceb

rated d adab co of go ive y Shkepee n A Midsum Nghs D.vnn e ud ee y rdn dos not t o poey d y t Englsh Dic-toary, whch quoe vr pasag uppo o

oo eo: Th eVIg o a ubt 1da omeho o ee by x o he eec or ag-o h wor tt o 1agmo tk brg o he quo: hee is a lar dson b�n veo by eere o an non by

ri of mgo e o do e ce fod thee o eece ewee 1gve eo ee c hy e eeee agaon ad t. Bu rdn s taeprey abuiagiao, o abot ellec Fur-

ore he wo dg sggs dbrt putogee t meal hd; whee I b aDden veo cude he suddn irrupon hgr o e poe, poy eey a tat f flgH veo urey a g trovill Fy e

ree he cociou eaoao f th donn preer o o a h wh I fd y no b heme o id ; d a I b os so h o-

56


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E A G E O F D Y D E

scious ad dehbeae g of svera vnons onpoem. 'Vaaon, dg o moug of at oug,Dyde cas l Vaao and moudg ae I pety cea; devg 1s moe cu I a edo 3 e N.D comes ey cose o 1· Toxend y aces o modcaos Facy s an acyof e 1magao ae a o e ee u 1s

ncessay a eecu acvy asmuc as a moug of te oug a judgeme eesens pope. yde does o I eeve eessay 1my ae d aness o oec agao ocuo ad t I ean a e ac of dg e o o,

og and adog e oug egs oy afe eopeao of facy s comee In facy e ng of ewods see o me aeady o ave begu a 1s, fancy 1ay veba neveeess e ok of eocuo co-g ad adong a s1gca ad soudg ods

1s te as o e comeed Oseve a soug eeeans a e us aoXaey soud e hkey oca 'mus1a: e g of e ds ad e ode owods eeve of e udeyg mood c bogs oe veno (Sakeeaes gea e Kg

Neve eve eve neve, eve

1s JU as oug a Poes e aded y Ees so

e v0 e v10e d e ve)

We ae habe I o undeae ydes cc

ayses by assug a ey oy ay o e kd ofoey a e e& msef ad us e may oveoos meag as of e od 'veo Eve ds


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T H E A G E O F R Y

pty s u f a cu and, as i h eemd toy, a c unotc type, we need o cnudet d eed qt ierentl f hoe ft t ; we u r hs athocd ig .

I d ee, I tnk, qote gm e Colg wch I qu ors that of

Ddebcause I

exane narwly.You wi ve seved h e devoe gene I no h Coee fct Jnasis fDden The mtn IS ple.Te enec 'Mon ha g gtv w-

a v fcfu ' u nug ueuslcO. reesen a cue f gum wch cwu Y a tct u c auhswo ut u fct u enegave staces icu c fClg d wtn

'Spne h a gy 1agave De a vey fcmd h u f g fancght o qe ueat vmmg Nn we u t eth et had vcfmd, u ee the f d ef n

igan as Cedge u h v n yc oe. The cn ISd a c f vau e term fnc S y g JUst c c v e

Beeen Dye Wodwh ad Coedge ne ea cc d h f J Af Dded b J h s uch S cci u no


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T H E A G E D R Y E

ge Th friony o como ds o rats plly ppr os modes xss o d w oo ss d ssby dd te lur o sed to s o us.Addso s ospuous p o s brsseony, d s sypo o e w eud T r btw e pe o

egee uy d o t sve 1s poudHe o pl ddso o subj w wv dy d Dyd d Code I-:

' w wods t Es lu w r

epyd or oos d us bd ses ts o � d o treore ou essy to d dtr o o s woods s d o k s o e t trd o yw spuls t te rde y oe

ty wt s t suj w prod upo t s peps s el o you t ds s wnds wo l so y pay sees o t v se w wd suss dpngsss f pp O e du w

s o uovss uequld be o sdso ws oe o os ppost es pssessed te s rus d wo odery ws es o s tts woud s s ou o ' d o t dd

so d r d rty r pdrd Dydsrs u sub do o e sr owr

T S 2 2 o. 4

5


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T H A G E O F D R Y D E N

tl yog of fc d mga0n y ddson d ske e eye of Coledge d str po proe

of ereon. For Drden 'magao he wholrocess of oec ceaun wch fncy was one eeeAdt sart out o d detere e noon of wo words; I cot d a g or deerg of word fncy ts or te foog essay on te ubJ;

he 1s eney occupi

edWt

the mgon and pmy te vsa agatO d soley Wih e Vsuaagaon ccorg o M Locke Th 1s a b we hstens o ackowedge: he pays a hdsome moato te senc tru ch Loce ha estabshed a,

osophy S no sece, nor I erar clC; nd It eeetry ero o th e hve cvr aobjecve las what we have erey 1mpose by pvategilao

t I cuou to d te old noons of deght nd

suco wth wh he IXeen eury defendeoery, cropg up aga a form of he ge oAdo u rd t geter profndy o meag dson osee

A of pote agn le to a gret y

e tt e vlgr are not pble of receig H v W pctre d fd agreeale coo a tue e eet a efreshment i espon ad often d greater fc teroset of eds d eados n noher oes t

eSoT gh-uy e

d of e v e a of pot g

6


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T H E A G E O F D Y

n. I sppose tat Adiso 1s wt oe wod dscib s ga; as o t sy, o bett a eHs oo of od o be s yo to ejoy a sta o a pice of popety w-o v to pt yo ad yo pocket to py fo tzs vy ppy tot dd Ad et e s vy ow opo oftose wo ae ot :

'Te a ded b vry few wo kw ow to be d oet o av s of y peses tat n cria

T tat we t add to te Uepoyd e pa-c xo of ddso ay b to M Sts-

y wos Hity f Citiim way dery sef d os of My todo ofddo s t ee owev ey od to poe t Wat s tes d eevat to obsev idso is ot eey detoao a dtioao of

czty bt of tes ae t ses ofpes o ao says

t y e wot w to xa w tces to pss tt seve eads wo ae qatdt t sae e ad kow t e of

s ty ad sod vess ave a t st s despo

ddso does ot seed foo p vepotat qso ay vey pott w bt ssve t st eess of pob ofo

mcao ad s wo dsso of e t ofo oweve ftess fo prpos of t s t tpt t


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T H E A G O F D R Y

aeshecs. Any maer wch mes eeay o be sbjec of deaed vesugao and se1ased labo e peeded, long efore any deeopmen akace, by sc andom gesses as ese wc og ey prodce o rf ests dcae te deci wc e d 1s mogAdso, hogh too or e o be sly m-

aae o e oer s wom I hve menoed ahave o menon acqres morne by beg oroghreresenae o Is age Te or o eery braof leal acv povdes e same recod o� on of Engand rom te tme o Queen A

I 1s no so uh he eec t oeng upeo w we o og me o epe, d ar by waee name we may al as o woy 1ssed from 1s seca obbaon e age Dden wa s a great age og begg to se a

dea of e as e coarseg o s ese-ysows by te me o Addso eoogy deoon apoe e a o a fomasc smbe Adson d�f we a dde l borgeos eaao He wa a pul lecue. o m oey mea

deg d edcaon a ne way Joso as ee s o agage ed adray te deence beweeDryden nd Addso as drecos of ase :

'Dyden as o my years efoe sattee 11sv preaces w er e pamoy bu houg

sees ondescended o be somewa am Iuse genea o cc o o wo ad yee o e ad od o o nder

6


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H G O D R Y D

heir maser. is beais were ramed raer fr

e ta were eag wne, a r e ta ea

y 'A mstuctor hke Addion wa now wntmg, woe

ea beg superia, g be eay uesd abemg JUS, ight prepre the d for oe aments.

Hd e presented Paradise Lot to the pubhc Wlt a te

pm yem ad seveny see e sm wp ave bee ared ad e pem so ave beeegeed; b by e badsmcs geee a- e a me M a uvers ave Wi wmreers every as eessary be eaed

I a e apprety, a ueered pend eaders ass d k eesary beee w Paas Lost. But e usu ssa Dre, Ads a J gee gusa age as aw adequey r iree:

e pua deeai ey beee te eo e rs w, a e emarkabe sa e rIt 1 surey by u0us ry a e pea a 'gehs a we d a 'age ryde r age is Ley e s eem me s

re ey eeua ad mra exee He eve very mu ik e pery ls age w wers e egee euy w eessry be peased mre a jus C e as mret severe Gray e me I am ved s te

sper as a e esibiiy menaexey r ape prae bu a ma evaiJUSshor sb


63/156

OF Y

Sch wg Johnson's Lv h d s on spar loss non of t prmanc om h coso a v grao ms ak

s appral of h poy of h pas, h gh of h pformnc of s coporas and md recssors. Cucsm of poy movs bwn wo xre on hand h cuc may bsy slf so ch

h pcons of pom or of o pos worpcon mor socia gos or or-ha pory bcos rdy o h for dscorch s ncy of morsg crcs of n cy o wc Ldor mas oab xcpo

Or yo sc oo closy o poy d dop n owrs wh po has o say yo w n c 1 of a sgcc Ad frmor r posopc bor wch yo s o rgrss f o oo ofn yo wsh o prsr yor sdg s

cric r no prp o prsn yorsf plsopr mphysc socoogs o psychoogs sohson s rspc s p of cc gW mos h s on of h gra ccs; ad e gra cc paly bc h ps s ·

on n yo ow wh y yo ow wro Consrg h pos o c o os n jdgg compor wg prjcs wch on s p o g dgg rsof h prcdng gro vw osons

v h s srpc of dc bc y o so formy pc h of som ohrros I r of

64


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T H E A G O F D R Y E N

a a1 wo 1 mor habituated to ag a o wn;he to ck aoud, ad so at, a a log od of t loa o oato. Hros a altay aga t dogati x of t tuy-o dug m Fa a Eaa I S aga v aao o Valp wth ault a wl a vuWc v te t y, va vaga to otla, o wo o o o u a a ak f o uo o Joo oty wa t ot,and ao g Had h vd a gao a l av og to look o y o ato, o wou hv al o la axl of wa cnuclS oug to f a CVao g td, a o , w It as, to q to o t

E.U 1-


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W R S W R T A L G

December 9th, 1932

t Is natua, and m so rapd and supercia a reve asts meVtabe to onsder te CrtCS ofWodsotand of oerdge togete. But we ust keep md o

ery erent ere not on the en teseves but teccustanes and oves of te oposon of eprcpa ca stateents Wordsort's Prae toLyricl Bllds as tten e e as s s outand e s poet geus stad uc to do; oedge

rote te Bigrph iterri u ate e enpoetry exept for tat one bef and toung aent forost out ad deseted and en te sstrouseects ofong disspaion d stupefacon ofs poers l

transcendenta etapscs ee brgg to

state ofearg Wt e eaon of oedges tougt tosubsequent teoogca and poca deveopent I not ee conceed Te Bigrhi I ou pmpa docuent d oeon 1t tat tere IS one pece of s

fora verse ts passOnate se-eveaon resaost to te egt of great poet ean ejen:a Ode.

Tere as a e en toug pat as oug

Ts jo e daed t stressAnd sfotunes ee but as te stuWene Fanc ade e dea ofappess:


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W W R A C R G

For hope grew roud e, e the w vned rts ad oage ot my ow, eeed neut ow ao bows me dow o eart:Nor are that they rob e o my rth

ut oh! eah vs1taoSuspeds what nature gave e at my brth,

My shapg spt oagaton

or ot to owhat needs ust ee, e stl ad ll I a,d hapy by abstruse researh to stea

rom my ow ature a the atura anTs was y soe resoure, y oy pan

Til that wh suts a part ets the whoe,d ow s amost grow he habt o my souTh1 ode was wte by 82 the B-aa aa were ot pubsed or teen years aterat The es se y ear as oe o the saddest o

coeos that have ever read. Whe spke o oede as druggg se w1th etaphysis as thseosy o tese s ow words 'hapy by abstruse researh to stea rom y own ature a the atura maCoerdge was oe o those uhappy personsoe,

upect, such aother-o whom oe gt say, thatey had ot bee poets they ght have mae soeho the ves, ght even have had a career; or conversythat ey had ot bee terested so gsrossed by suh divese pass0s, hey ght have bee

great poets t was better or Coedge, as poet o readooks o ave ad eporaon than o read boos oetaphyss d ptal eooy He d1d genuey want


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W O R D S H A N C L E I

boos of maphscs and poca econo fo a cea tale fo sch sbjec Bt fo a fe ea ad been Ved by he Me (I know of no poet o ts hackeyed etaphor s bee apcable) an wa a huned man; for anyone who ha ever 1d by he ue thncefoth haund had ocaon fo he rgus fe for thee aan somebod

a ue o a mch ghr b o be vod he ndemned o now that he te poer he had wa woth ore han a he cold do th h et fe The ahor of aph Laa was already man Sometes howeer to e a rued n s

vocatOn.Wdsworh, on the othe hand wote Pea, a Ie said wle in he lede of petC poers ande s reputton was stl on susaed b eades ofceent And he wa of an oppote poetC type to

ledge Whhe e bk ofs gene poec aee-nt so much greae han oedge' s as t appears isr heh hs powe and spron emaedh m o the end i, as no even doubfu u Wordsr ad no hasty shadows a s back no Emedes

prsue lm o 1f he dd, he gae no s1gn d oo nce; and e wen dong on the s sad uc oft o the ere of he grave s paon nevea been of ha sudden tfu nd e nd thatted olede he was neer, appaently, roubled by

e osc0nes of havg os 1. As And G1de'Proethes sd he eture wc he ae befo ae udence a: vo l oledge


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W O R D S W O R T H A N C L E R I G

rmed coact wh hs ag. · Nih d f•hfe and iteres were te two men sular-Wordswo

obooks, Con h voaus

ad Bty ha a oo wh was o poa al s: w h wo os og pos o 1 ao Th1 po ah ohwas osabl; hoh pobab h oo

woh po Co h1 b pod o Ua asoao was a ha ha o Cod uoswoh s poa wold had hab poSb o sh a d o aoh wh h wo oh ad ad boh

o dpl ha h w h o aa woa No woa has v pad so Ipo pa s o wo pos a o- a h poss d Dooh oswo

Th phasis po h s o d pa

ad haa o h wo s b al aba na sas s b ad o som sps h 1s o os, as wod xpc os f o opo Wodswoh o Prace o d rs ow o w poy a

Col wo Bgapha o d Wodswoh'o o pa h d I s o s o opos O S Cods o o a ad Iaao o ha o wh Cod d oswoa oo as ho opo io

L p h a po s s a opo o S a s y had o dsd wha a ss s abo Woswohs pos had wh o

70


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W O R D S T H A N C L E I D G

se ecepto tha vese ofsh ovelty s accustomed toiv I myself an ememe a tme when some qestonf p

et dco was the ar whe Eza Pod Isse

Is teet tat 'poety ought to be as well wten asrse and when he nd I and or coleagues were mened by a wter Th M Pos as teray bol' nd y M Arthu Wagh (wth pont wch

ays escaped me as 'dnke hot But I hat leed ha w wee g fogote taddser tha ettg p new 1dolsordswoh whe hesd at s prpose was to mt�te and as far as poss1be dopt the very langge of me, ws oy sag

er words wht Dryden hd s1d, d ghg the baeh Dryden had foght; and Mr Garrod cgeo to ts fact seems to e itemperte assergt Dryden hd ee mde rea to mself two talsdetOs: rt tht sh guge must express

pss ad secondly that t ust bse Itself JUSt ober-v Drde mog the shades ght medtae upor Garrods cocepon of pass0 and obseat. And te ohe hand as has also been oted out st yClege lumel the Bph Wodswoth by oes wored mself to ecess obseg s o pr-pls The langage o the dde and lower casses ofsey' s of corse pefectly poe when you are repe-sg dramtcly the ph of tee casses, nd e nooher lguage I poper; arly whe yo are cee-g dramacly the lgge of the pper classes bt on

h Wh nen he ngge f e pee f ey?


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W O R D S R T H A N D C O L E R I D G

ohe oss, 1t is o the busmss th pe takleny lss o SOCt bt ke se-rc br We

hoe th y ul lss hugh wh ls f

soey es to hv the bs d hs o xpvo g he h et 1s el t As the

se o wng h the Lyric Bd pere

h stye o wng bos whe t s

e hs o oe ho t ev b ees Tr G as ovd. bu h Jso oe do o G wh dr re th Wooh od ex A Do hs se t us ees sng oeso te; bt

odsot o ong l ? N wh e to Doe olou w th Wroth oeng ere by th s b Johso the ee U s ghh t s boeet ht wh he eghteth tu spok

of eege the Lke oes od k o passo Ad o h oty o Woswoth d lg t

jst s g lg s egh deh o wh Wh he ws he bout

h e s soeg t k ss bo I ot o hethe Posso G hs gsd 1t bt s sees goe Poesso H hv ses hve by the g g hre s kbe

ooh's I80 wh he woe hrls Js

Fox m seg o o he Bllds. ou Wll n lo ett o ts le Prss Hrps bo

1ls Life ofordwot.

72


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W D S ORT H A D O L E R D G

qote one sentence. n cond oe to theoable pocn' s enton Wodswoh sys:

Reently by t speadg of anfaces toghy pa of the ontr b e heavy taxs pon posgeby ohoses hoses of mdstr, nd the mventon ofp shops etc spedde to the mcresg dspopor- wen the pce oflbou and tht of e necessaes

fe te bonds o doetic eng ong te poo, s e uece o ese tgs as eended he beenened, nd m mnerbe msnces eniey desroyedordsworth en poceed o expound docre whchadas called dsbus And Wodswort ws not

ely tag danag of an oppouy to ee e disrepble tts nd ouse to sefl cV e was seosly eplag the contn nd ppose ofJs pos o ts prable M Fox od hardy beeed o ke ea o ta of dot Boy o e sao s

arot Yo ay say a s pb spt reevan oordwors gretes poes; neveteess I beeve thatyo t unders a ge po e pendn bette f yo nerstad te puposes d soi wc te ts tho and uness yu nde

stnd tese you wll nsred Wordswohs teys enely Incdenay, tose who speak of Wordsorh te ogm Lost Leder ( efeence wchownmg, s I eebe, deed) sould ake pause at wen akes pos d soia as

sosly e dierne bween evolon and eaona by te bred of n that Wordswor yoSSy hve been no enegde but a n who though so


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W R D S W R T A C E R G

far he hogh ll, for hmel£ B 1 ord worocl ere h re h own novel of for

vere, nd back p exc remak pon poec cand rea ocil ere which concl or n

he f wa all bo w no o mch from lck fhogh fo warmh of feelg h Wordwoog woe he word he langage of conver

dde and lower cla oce. wa no from an rcanon of poica prcple b from hvg hd brogh o enon h a a general err rci wod never do, h he lered hem Where he wrm roe wa o ae nd far poile, o do

he ver lgage of men' he w ag wh no ecrc cold dproveExcep on o of dcon nd ha of choo

cden om common fe' Wordorh mohodox cc 1 e ha he e he word enh

wch he eighenh cenr did no e, b he mof me he 1 more deel Aoean hn ome whohve ned olowg Aole more coel He he poe:

hee qe he h dded a doon o b

aeced more han oher men aben hg If he were preen by of conrng p elf pa1n wch are deed fr from beg he me hoe prodcb real even e (eecia oe par o e genermpah wc re pleag and deghl) do mo

near reemble he pa1n prodced e even hnng wch, from e moon of he on nmer, oher en re ccoed o feel hemelve'

7


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W O R D S T H A N D C L E I G

Her ts h nw sion of Ion, and I in h i1s te best so far:

'Asol I h en ol hs sad ha Po S h

poso of l mg; 1s so: s ojc s u dd d local u gnl d oav.

I d h so y hg Fo y a a be arrod y hndd gnons I hd ah

e eglcd d h on n nay co o sns d sy S old ho ho on s o I dd)hn yo n Wodswoh s h s nd oph

ncon s o s d y ogh leas

s w sog h hd fond o fo l yo bg o nk ha h s song a leas foe d� of oy o oons of s nhss Iehev Wodsoh ocd Coleidg Bohs olny h s o a o

as o Coldg Yo anno sy nds eolton poy, nno snngld fo os of hs oy (ny dtl hang o s ly o h syo of so y ceee chang socy nd m h dtdl I do

ee h ls m Coldg wold h en songegh o h wod is y o fo h xl enogn ofWoswoh o no ned as g h olny nhsias t h sn fo oy o s JUsng olon on h gon

a led o n os of oy-ch wold as hadly sal wy of odg oy a I mdgmg m SOologicl cis h has o


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suppress so c of d, nd wch 1s tgon m o es. I oy n s

olvd h o onsqny so-

oes sion nd epg o w desndg o e poy o peod yo ed o onsidon o sbjs w s sg pe o e pon poey Ts ss e od

ood d o do W e is o oey; nd 1s sss c ke e odswo's ie Pop nd e en o psiapos o e ees w nd Coedge d e

1 e oeog os10ns d e e n

onsde e g pone iapi ittao e d1s1on ewen Fny nd Igion eocd pon nd o don o gion i e pss Rped dons s ssp Fny nd ion wee o ds

d dy den es sd o eg odo gene e wo ns w one es e oe d e deees o one d s po Cpe XII dws e oow po sons:

T Ion en I os1d s py oseondy Py on I od o e po d pe gn o peepn nd s epio e d o e e o eon e e I e Sond on I onsd

eo o e oe o-g w e onss w dn Wi py e ki o s d e o n g d e


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w R D W O T A N D C I D G

e dtlvs, de, dip i de

o here ts rocess is d posble

l alleent 1 uggles o td ad o

ufy. snally vtal, een ll bje (as objct) eenlly dead

FC he h had h o o ouners oa wi, b x11 and des. Th fancy dd

hr ha a mde of y eacpedfrom

th

odef nd sce; whle t bldd wx nd odedby h empmcal pheon11 f h wl wch we

xp by he wor Ch Bu quy wh h oda te Fncy u c a s teas eady made

from the lw of asoctan.'

I e ed ome of Hl d Fth e s· wel a Haeyho s up a any n wh ledge), ad fo-n of Sceg I ly gnor had, t oe of hoe ueou uhs who he loge

h unead the les d you hve o edH t y be ha I whly fal o aprce pasageMymd oo h a ad ocee f any h ofa u og. a hve lad uggsd te ee bee ago ad fac amounts in ae t o

mo tha h deec bee good ad bad orye e done e ha take t ud R sD s oy ffancy ca be a gedit god oey, fyou ca sw e gd poy ch i he b t t s oy f he discuon lutes u t

pfence of oe poe ove aohe ta t be of e o aal nd ke e any a b 'no ther tha mod oeory epad f t odr o pce ad

7


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W O R D S T H A N C L E I G

e ; bt 1t sees w1se to talk of eoy coXwt facy ad ot t atogeth o the acco agao As we have leat fo D. Lowess R tX (f we dd ot o t aleady) eoy plays very great pat 1maga1o ad of couse a much lpar tha ca be poved by hat book; Pofesso Load oy teay esceces deal ih, ad they a

te oy kd of escece wch can be fly ad deed: bt ho much mre f mem eto ceao tha oy o ead! M Lowes has, I deosaed he mpotance of stcv ad usos as we as debeate selecon. Coedge's tase, a

oe peod of fe led m st to read voacOusly ace ype of book, and e to seect stoe up cekd of agey fom hose books. Ad I shold say hatte d of y poet wuld be agesed m s wn wyto seec automacay s eadg fo icue pap

d cheap ovel deed as wel as seous books d astkey fom woks of a absact at, ough ven tae met fo som peic ds) he mataa Imaea prase a wodwch ay be of use to late Ad seco pobab s ough e hole of

seve fe Tee ght be e expeece of a cd oe a sa boy peeg oug sea-ate ockpool

1d by a nghr ppecio h cJumsts of ly xplo-o gh w sue he mgs of tho wo dveo s do pey wh y hd ee suh wy t v

e po o Euops wo d o e o yS. hy wold o, uy sult th o e peo u u a. h de of oed the o l

78


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w o H A N C L I

a ea-aemoe o the rt e: the 1plexnece (ot o pe, o a ecepoal cd a

ookght e dormat hi d o twey year ad

ar trormed oe veecotet chaed whgrat agae peure. There o uch meoy ao that you are to dth betwee agao d cy Coede' way you ut e e

e betwee memory maat0 ad eoy ; t t tt t f ad dpae the eoie orde to ecreate,!t e oter dea wth Xe ad dete Tc te eed ot e you dct ago

y, but o degee o maate ucce It woudsm Mr Richard ote at he aot as uchbad by the paae wch I have quoted, o a ea bt , a I am You ave o oret about oed fanc to ea ayt om m about aaoa

Aobut om oede thee a ood dea to I quote aohe paae, he or wch cd ha abbeviated t

at ythec ad maca powe, o wch we haee appoprated he ae o agao e

eal tl he baace o ecocao o oppote oordat quae he ee o oety ad ree od ad aa bjec; a oe uua tate it oe t a ode; jt d teady e-peio Wt etu ad

feg prooud o veheme The ee o uc det . . he powe ec mutude t

p

79


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viy t, and modn s o hg sm prdan hug o cg

Wha s dsps fr p view ofpsylga S f a bs ler Mr. ards's k from w qd Wa IS y r r IS a lss rod ar pla of Wrdsr nd Colg h sa

s ofis You a aageUqd a nss and dp as o pah as I a u f ang o Dryd Ts I py as Cdg g r prfndly dn g dd Nr a I sr a Col

ad so h r Gra plsphs r ar ar as e hog h d; wha s bes s sees o com fom s o day d u ofss rd p n xp of g O h o ps as s I as ds o

ha was a: s a sg s Pr and Supplement, s ng o ge m gs pla do assg s ps as r ao e a ag d la ofpodcon d spi, houg s rss pma; tee IS s py and s Prfae od sp Val spato couae o sy Na o Rs o an o e ccdd poes o e ex hs a d s adly d Woot o rg aton o e pondy of posopc oblems sdy o o y s. o


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D O D O g n o h1 lth thm to tate th m of g fcncwu chng. t ot my cht hy wrsd a vaty of puate ubje of pa- att of Ipot fo bt that thi vv eh oth a the t fag fsuch opalo pp Ao Is of agatlo m th fo th to f

Lk In Wooth a Co

g fn n y y o tt, v o paat tee; t a pawn xpe thgh thm a· poty wa f te xp0 o a totaty o tet.

I te o t h o Dy a f

Jon, t vy bf e m t appat to o o toy peo th a f th o ty tema a to exbtat f Wot a og a t t of ag age Ev f t e te that hag aay ma

g ay, nnath, dug a tae o, a at a of hag ot te the et of w rmg t t ht, yet oe a a o py foe tha othe t thMt o at w oe to a eo of at

'tbao hao peatu

O T E T O A P T E R V

R E R E R T R E A APPRAA T

P O ET R O O R O R Te a vw of Egh oty, aay f o

quy, e e f Eg U


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W RD S TH AN CO L E I G

from Mton o Wordswor, r ro pra ve bfore Mlton, as n uorate rud dumg wic h Eng-

sh us was, 1 not bsd rs a lea no m oss

S

of her aculies. I a sory to nd ts ie wc was

lagly Wodsworh's own, re-statd ad conrm b

M. Herbrt Rad. Mr ead 1s on of a contemp

raes, e M. Rcards Wt whom I almost never fe

qUlte happy isagremg; but wn,m

s adrl smal essay, Frm in Mdn Poety, he wntes as folows, I

cn ony xcl, 'Wha re we comg to? :\ Th m trad1on of Engs poery begs

Chacr races n cuaon m Skespr

t s conractd by most French poetry beore Baulb t so-ced classcal se ofEngs otry culag lexdr Pop, d by t late oet Lareae I reabsed m ngld by ordsort d oldveo so degre by Browg d Grard

ley Hops, d our on day by pots ke frOwn zr Pound d T. S Eot

o some tent am agreem; ta re say ty vluaon of the earr pots, poe for poe oaroate closely enough o Mr ea's d my

adaon for lae Poet aureae s s oderte s houg I suspct sgt ess m gg mito ts cott B obsre s ta Mr ead goeWorswor oe eer and ecdes Mo d hn oe hs doe s big a job s lon, is t ll o sggs

at h hs us be p bd ly? Ad s Blake ooor poe o con As for rec por Mr Rees e uao h h quacao os' so at I

8


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W O R S T H A N D C L E I D G

suppoe audelares aster Racine jst squeas in. And is

ic not brary o asser hat te classal phase' of Engsh

(we are to employ tha tr at l) lmates i

Pope? Srey Jonson belongs to , nd wt a touch of

ntasm and even mwshness, Gry nd Colins;

ad whre wold Lndor be but for the clssical tradmon?

I ten to add Mr. Read's nxt remark: The dscwn IS

b d " Tot mere y a eween c assca an omnc . sn us across a rent drecon.' I k that Isand s quacaon, and f undersnd agreeteless Mr Read seems o have been usg e er'laic o derent mangs. r. Reads dvis10ns

a too lear-u o leave my d a ease He consdrs e poetc process of a nd ke Drydns and a of d ke Wordsworts are essenaly dvrse and he ody ofrydens ar Such ar s not poery. Now anot e why ydens nd ordworths nds should

e worked any more rnly from each oher thantho o any oher o pos I do not beve a any wops ds work qute n t sme way o far as we cnkow enough about the mater for worg to men y a a do not beeve tat even he sae poets d

work he sae way wo eren but equallygood poes; but here mus so b somethg i comon e poet proess of l oets ds Mr Read quotes pport of hs ontenn passge from he AnnsMirabl whic ave not gven:

Th CoposOn o all poes s or ogt o be of witd the Poet or w wiin f yo gve e leave e a cool sncon) is no oher an te fauy o

3


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O D S W R T H A N D C O L E R I D G

imagmaton in te Wri; wc, hk a rmbl Spame, bats over and ranges hrough th eld f Memo, t

1t spmgs theQuary I huntd aft ; or, Without mta

pho, wch sarches ov al t Mmoy or Spcies o Id

of thos tgs wuc dsigns to prsnt. Wit writenis hat wch 1s wl dnd, he happy rsult of Thogor product oflmagano.'

Isold hv toght ely pp dsno, lu vb Ddn' m d at l p

oud lv of Sgt n f Cled or Wor-or t1r b oth s sot fprc tht t twr ttmpg o dsb gg o u ow.

Bt M Rd sys N wht Dyd 1s akg bot sothg dint: wt wt, ot oy Rsms to me o ve ln o t errr wc I n e tex f g tht Dd ta oow d of poti copon, nd t w q

cpble of pprec1 Cucr nd Sksr Yet tt I ms hav t go po t nd d Jet t I t o Ddn per.

Te dernc opn t e put a pI Ve Enh oe M Red ss t crg

ms k o stg out dvi-hough lesdrcy M Pund w lve no but oowel swpt ad no red t I see te stor ofEgh poery i not so mc deoc peSon s

ph up o pern I w a n f

p peoes w my develp a ntnl d t wc eed ef t prd bwen De d Jos te w w ve to d t -t

84


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W O R D S T H A N D C O L E R I D G

rte 1: othewise we e kly g nly sucessiVe ale

f persy. Sy e ge pe Is, mng

ochr gs ne w n ely eses a tad10n wc

as bn beynce n ls pey e-esas y styg ad f d as psb N anyu e pey r vyg se e ity epl; and 1s a s sugges a e EngsDnd s bee degd v sc the te f epeeand tat nly eeny e ew ys ested ts darkss. aly as s

It s petty well eyd cue


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Y K F 7 93

It wod ppea ha he evu eeced by Wordoth ey f-eacg mdeed. He a ot the t pee ef a the mped pophet, o deed1s qte dh' cae Bae y hve peteded

ith e hae peeted ytee hv d he bt c1 ha Bae h es o deced p the pe m geea; Bke yh he v11o d de e pety o et the oth

Stt d By m e p ok ee eeysety etete dth I ey the rt teeed ate m e t aex e authoyf te poet to edde oca a d e w d eg ee ch eeed he

ea pegtve f th pe t mepe ce MattheAod de eect odoth poey hs ecoe cpace bee ha odot' ete pe deede p1o o

h o dct auephy ad th t fd pe ch he ha ute ve hte I a e tha cca eecc cnot goto ha e cjdge d e poety le

eg h cct a f he g f0 ch ced eepy d ehf f ch he ed oet e d dh et


87/156

S H E L L Y A N D K E A T S

d ee, jus ow ch won as? To ehe or to keep th m nd sted of deberaey

rum te prepaaton for eno Is poery not necessar o appreate ow r poe odrey s Cons1der, fo m�nc one of e very ne of the rst pat of e meteenth cy: Landor He undoubed aste of verse nd ros e s e auth

east one on poe wc deserves to e uc r ta 1t 1s but s repution as nev en sc as to t copon Wodswor or i ehe ofthe ouner poes wt who w a no to de o only b reason of a dfu of poes or a nube o

soaed le expreSSve of deepr eotiOn t tha o andor ws caple tt e Wordswo lae; tere 1s soetig mtgral abot uc rees oetmg sgcant m s pae te paten ofw w e have to recon And satg fo sele te geaes of a oe we v to take mo te hs ofs gets. Wodsworh s esea of stoy ando oy a cet y-poduc

hee o ad vews ao potr ad ade

o for epessg ves t lle e are o the begg y te nuber of ngs por s xeted to do o a poet wo

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