Elements of Elements of Literature Power Literature Power Point SeriesPoint Series““It’s in the sauce.”It’s in the sauce.”

Point of View: Where the Point of View: Where the Words are coming from.Words are coming from.

Function:Function: Provides the reader with the _____ of Provides the reader with the _____ of

_________ for the whole story._________ for the whole story. Establishes the ______ angle of the story.Establishes the ______ angle of the story. Determines the ______ of the story.Determines the ______ of the story. 11stst ______: “I” tells the story. ______: “I” tells the story.

We are inside a single person’s ____ and _____, so We are inside a single person’s ____ and _____, so we see what they see, and the action is _______ to we see what they see, and the action is _______ to the perspective of one individual.the perspective of one individual.

The narrator then becomes one of the The narrator then becomes one of the ____________ of the story.____________ of the story.

POV continuedPOV continued

33rdrd Person _______: A narrator tells the story Person _______: A narrator tells the story but only reveals the ____ life of one character. but only reveals the ____ life of one character. The protagonist is referred to as “he” or “she.”The protagonist is referred to as “he” or “she.” (i.e. Harry Potter and Twilight)(i.e. Harry Potter and Twilight)

33rdrd Person ________: A narrator tells the story Person ________: A narrator tells the story from an all knowing point of view, revealing the from an all knowing point of view, revealing the inner life of ___ character they choose.inner life of ___ character they choose. The protagonist is referred to as he or she.The protagonist is referred to as he or she. Multiple ___ characters…epic size story.Multiple ___ characters…epic size story. (i.e. The DaVinci Code…The Chronicles of Narnia.)(i.e. The DaVinci Code…The Chronicles of Narnia.)

Questions for analysis of Questions for analysis of Point of ViewPoint of View

Why did the author choose this Why did the author choose this ________ point of view?________ point of view?

What does the ______ of point of view What does the ______ of point of view reveal about the author’s overall reveal about the author’s overall _______?_______?

Plot: The way the author Plot: The way the author _______ the events in a story._______ the events in a story.

Function:Function: Creates the cause/effect ____ that allows the Creates the cause/effect ____ that allows the

story to ____ together.story to ____ together. Controls the ____ of the story.Controls the ____ of the story. Gives the right hints at the right times to Gives the right hints at the right times to

______ the reader in the story.______ the reader in the story. Introduces, develops, and ________ the key Introduces, develops, and ________ the key

conflicts that make the story worth telling.conflicts that make the story worth telling.

Beginning, Middle and Beginning, Middle and End…DuhEnd…Duh

But it is not that simple. Plot _______ the most important But it is not that simple. Plot _______ the most important aspects of life. Here are __ ways to look at it.aspects of life. Here are __ ways to look at it.

Exposition…_____ Action…Climax…Resolution.Exposition…_____ Action…Climax…Resolution. Traditional view. Stories come full circle.Traditional view. Stories come full circle.

W…W…W…end. (Should I stay or should I go?)W…W…W…end. (Should I stay or should I go?) Confusion and ______ of emotion.Confusion and ______ of emotion.

3 Acts: 3 Acts: Act I: Define characters, ______, and goals. Act I: Define characters, ______, and goals. Act II: Create _______ for characters and bring them to Act II: Create _______ for characters and bring them to

the brink of _______.the brink of _______.Act III: Create the _______ moment where the character Act III: Create the _______ moment where the character

rises or _____, and then wrap up the story. rises or _____, and then wrap up the story.

Questions for analysis of Questions for analysis of plotplot

Why did the author choose to ______ the details the Why did the author choose to ______ the details the way they did?way they did?

Where are the key ________ points in the story?Where are the key ________ points in the story? i.e. exposition to rising action…rising action to climaxi.e. exposition to rising action…rising action to climax

Is there anything significant about what the author Is there anything significant about what the author chooses to _____ ___?chooses to _____ ___?

What does the author do to create _______?What does the author do to create _______? Jumps in time or place.Jumps in time or place. Foreshadowing, back story, etc.Foreshadowing, back story, etc. Changes in point of view.Changes in point of view.

Are there any recognizable ______ in the action?Are there any recognizable ______ in the action? What events in the story ______ the theme?What events in the story ______ the theme?

Key Terms related to plotKey Terms related to plot

Foreshadowing: Use of an event or plot detail Foreshadowing: Use of an event or plot detail to help the reader _____ at what is coming in to help the reader _____ at what is coming in the story.the story.

Back Story: The part of a character’s Back Story: The part of a character’s story/past that is ___ ____ directly in the story.story/past that is ___ ____ directly in the story.

““In Medias Res”: The technique of starting a In Medias Res”: The technique of starting a story in the _____ of an event/conflict, story in the _____ of an event/conflict, _______ the reader to catch up._______ the reader to catch up.

Flashback: A ____ in ____ back to an event Flashback: A ____ in ____ back to an event that occurred previously to the story’s plot.that occurred previously to the story’s plot.

Setting: The ____ and place Setting: The ____ and place in which the events of a in which the events of a story occur.story occur.

Function:Function: Creates the mood and ____ of the overall Creates the mood and ____ of the overall

story.story. Establishes the cultural/social ____ of the Establishes the cultural/social ____ of the

story.story. Transports reader into ____ world. Transports reader into ____ world.

Reader experiences “_______ of Reader experiences “_______ of disbelief.”disbelief.”

SIFT your way through SIFT your way through the setting.the setting.

Pay attention to places where the author has Pay attention to places where the author has _______ the setting in ______ detail._______ the setting in ______ detail.

Pay attention to _____, shape, and _____ of Pay attention to _____, shape, and _____ of things in the setting.things in the setting.

Pay attention to objects that have inherent Pay attention to objects that have inherent symbolic characteristics: bridges, animals or symbolic characteristics: bridges, animals or flowers, ______, natural _____, sexual, flowers, ______, natural _____, sexual, religious, or _____ symbols, etc.religious, or _____ symbols, etc.

Questions for analysis of Questions for analysis of setting?setting?

What characterizes the author’s ____ as What characterizes the author’s ____ as he describes the setting? -or in other he describes the setting? -or in other words- What ____ is established?words- What ____ is established?

What ______ concepts can be best What ______ concepts can be best associated with the time and place of the associated with the time and place of the story?story?

What _____ conflicts are created by the What _____ conflicts are created by the time and place of the story?time and place of the story?

Key Terms related to Key Terms related to settingsetting

Hyperbole- use of ____ exaggeration to create Hyperbole- use of ____ exaggeration to create a ______ effect.a ______ effect.

Local Color- use of details that provide Local Color- use of details that provide _________ to a particular area or _____._________ to a particular area or _____.

Allegorical- A story where all aspects of the Allegorical- A story where all aspects of the setting take on ______ meanings.setting take on ______ meanings.

Setting allusion: When the description of a Setting allusion: When the description of a setting _____ a setting from a famous story. setting _____ a setting from a famous story. (i.e. Duloc = ______, an ideal setting = garden (i.e. Duloc = ______, an ideal setting = garden of eden)of eden)

Characterization: The Characterization: The methods an author uses to methods an author uses to reveal a character’s reveal a character’s personalitypersonality

Function:Function: Reveals the traits, _____, and character Reveals the traits, _____, and character

______ that are relevant to the story.______ that are relevant to the story. Creates _______ or ______ in the reader to Creates _______ or ______ in the reader to

make the story more interesting.make the story more interesting. Generates the theme through the character’s Generates the theme through the character’s

______ and reactions to events in the story.______ and reactions to events in the story. Gives meaning to ______ in the story.Gives meaning to ______ in the story.

Methods of Methods of Characterization:Characterization:

Direct description: The author describes the Direct description: The author describes the ______ and sometimes ______ traits of the ______ and sometimes ______ traits of the character.character.

Action: The character is revealed through their Action: The character is revealed through their _______ and responses to situations._______ and responses to situations.

Reaction of other characters: The character is Reaction of other characters: The character is revealed by the way _____ see them.revealed by the way _____ see them.

Dialogue: The character is revealed by the Dialogue: The character is revealed by the way they ____.way they ____.

Internal monologue: The character is revealed Internal monologue: The character is revealed through description of their ____ thought life.through description of their ____ thought life.

Questions for analysis of Questions for analysis of Characterization?Characterization?

What does the character ____?What does the character ____? How does the character _____ to conflict in the How does the character _____ to conflict in the

story?story? What ____ has the author revealed?What ____ has the author revealed? What kind of character are we dealing with?What kind of character are we dealing with?

Round or ____, _______ or static?Round or ____, _______ or static? How does the character’s actions create the How does the character’s actions create the

theme of the story? (i.e. a story about theme of the story? (i.e. a story about ________ will have a character who struggles ________ will have a character who struggles to _____.)to _____.)

Key Terms related to Key Terms related to characterizationcharacterization

Protagonist or ______: The main character Protagonist or ______: The main character playing the role of the “good guy” or the main playing the role of the “good guy” or the main character ____ the role of the “bad guy.” Pro = character ____ the role of the “bad guy.” Pro = we are ____ for them. Anti = we are _____ we are ____ for them. Anti = we are _____ against them.against them.

Flat or Round: Flat ______ reveal only ___ Flat or Round: Flat ______ reveal only ___ personality trait. Round characters reveal ___ personality trait. Round characters reveal ___ dimensions (sometimes ______ traits).dimensions (sometimes ______ traits).

Static or _____: Static characters do not Static or _____: Static characters do not change. Dynamic characters change and change. Dynamic characters change and _____._____.

Key terms related to Key terms related to characterization, con’t:characterization, con’t:

Foil: When two characters _____ so Foil: When two characters _____ so strongly they create a thematic strongly they create a thematic connection.connection.

Minor character: Characters who are not Minor character: Characters who are not at the center of the story, but who at the center of the story, but who ______ the plot by their relationship to ______ the plot by their relationship to the major characters.the major characters.

Allusion: References to Allusion: References to meaningful images ______ meaningful images ______ the realm of the story.the realm of the story.

Function:Function: To add an extra _______ to the story.To add an extra _______ to the story. To make the meaning of the story more To make the meaning of the story more

______.______. To make the ______ reader feel smarter.To make the ______ reader feel smarter.

Types of allusions:Types of allusions:

BiblicalBiblical MythologicalMythological LiteraryLiterary Popular CulturePopular Culture

Questions for analysis of Questions for analysis of allusion?allusion?

What does the allusion add to the story? What does the allusion add to the story? How does the allusion ___ into the How does the allusion ___ into the

______ of the story? ______ of the story? Is the allusion ______ to be _____?Is the allusion ______ to be _____?

Irony: A contrast Irony: A contrast between _______ and between _______ and _______._______.

Function:Function: To create ______.To create ______. To intensify the _____ of any given To intensify the _____ of any given

scene.scene. To ______ the emotional tone.To ______ the emotional tone.

Types of Irony:Types of Irony:

Situational: When the ____ of a situation Situational: When the ____ of a situation is the _____ of what one would expect.is the _____ of what one would expect.

Verbal Irony: When one person says Verbal Irony: When one person says something, but ____ something else something, but ____ something else entirely.entirely.

Dramatic Irony: When the ____ knows Dramatic Irony: When the ____ knows something that the _______ do not.something that the _______ do not.

Questions for analysis of Questions for analysis of Irony?Irony?

What ____ of irony is on ____ here?What ____ of irony is on ____ here? Is the author’s use of irony _______?Is the author’s use of irony _______? What does the irony ___ to the ____ of What does the irony ___ to the ____ of

the piece?the piece?