ELEMENTS OF ART TEST

Chapter 1 - Seeing, Wondering, Enjoying

Chapter 2 - When Is It Art?

Chapter 4 - Visual Element - LINE

Chapter 5 - Visual Elements - SHAPE and FORMChapter 7 - Visual Elements - SPACE

CHAPTER 1 - Seeing, Wondering, Enjoying

•Art work involves: art galleries and art museums; people, eg, artists, art historians, viewers, art teachers, art students

•The artwork is considered traditional because: *the form (painting) *style *subject matter (objects that are represented in the artwork eg. Trees, water,

man in a boat, etc)•The three form accepted as art prior to 1900 were: painting, sculpture, architecture•RELIC refers to objects from the past that survived or are preserved•Archaeologist is a scientist who explores ancient cities and villages to discover, identify, and catalog relics•Contemporary art refers to art produced at this present point in time. Museums of

contemporary art commonly define their collections as consisting of art produced since World War II.

•Abstract art is art that does not resemble things in real life.•The three possible reasons are; (1) today’s artists have added new kinds of art, (2) art historians have added previously undiscovered art for the past, (3) archaeologists have added objects form other cultures

CHAPTER 2 - When Is It Art?•The four conditions that determine whether an object is an artwork are: traditional

material and form, good design, aesthetic response, intentions, expert opinion•The philosophical questions benefit us because they cause us to think in more creative

ways. They are interested in the following; what art is, how it can be, evaluated, how people respond to it, how it relates to personal and social

values•Good design has a logical and harmonious relationship among part of an artwork.•An art work provided the viewer with an aesthetic experience: when artwork is seen

and enjoyed for its own sake; it does not have to be used in any way. •Someone, such as the artist or museum director, planned or intended something to be

a work of art. •People including artists, dealers, collectors, art critic, museum directors, art teachers

make judgments in determining if something is a work of art. •Fine art can be found in: art museums, galleries, art books/textbooks, art magazines,

homes, offices buildings•Folk art is art produced by people who do not have formal art training.•Commercial art is art that commonly appears in newspaper or on television.

CHAPTER 4 – Visual Element LINE•Lines in nature: veins of a leaf, tree branches, lightning bolt, spider webs•Lines found in the manufactured environment: telephone poles and lines bridges,

smoke stacks, railroad trucks, skyscrapers, etc. •Descriptive lines: (1) OUTLINE a line joins itself to surround a shape, only defines the outer edges of an object, has same thickness throughout, shows little depth; (2) CONTOUR LINE defines the outer edges of an object and edges within an object, shows depth, lines varies in thickness and darkness; (3) HATCHING artistic techniques used to create tonal or shading effects by drawing closely spaced parallel lines. cross-hatching: lines are placed at an angle to one another •Form can drawn to be more three-dimensional by using a method called shading to

develop lighter & darker grays.•Implied lines: (1) EDGE - where one shape ends and another begins; may be defined by a difference in colour, texture, or value; (2) CLOSURE - visually connecting marks to “see” lines where none actually exist. Our mind tends to ignore gaps and completes contour lines. Our mind fills in the missing information to create familiar shapes and images. (3) LINES OF SIGHT - following a line of sight between two people•Abstract lines are limited to expression; they do not symbolize, outline or look like

shading; mainly found in abstract art

CHAPTER 5 – Visual Elements - SHAPE and FORM•SHAPE is a two-dimensional area with a recognizable boundary; it has height and width, no depth

•FORM is a three-dimensional object; it has height, width, and depth

•FIGURE: objects that stand out from a ground.

•GROUND the empty area that surrounds the figure.

•POSITIVE SHAPES refers to the figure

•NEGATIVE SHAPES refers to the ground

•SHAPE CONSTANCY is the tendency to see a shape as unchanging regardless of the viewing angle.

•SIZE CONSTANCY is the tendency to think that an object’s size does not change no matter how far away it is.

•FORESHORTENING is the principle of perspective in which objects that slant toward or away from the viewer seems to diminish in size and change shape as they recede toward the background. Foreshortening  proportionately alters body parts that go toward or away from the viewer.

ORGANIC shape has irregular edges; objects mostly found in nature.

GEOMETRIC shape has straight or perfectly curved edges; mostly made-man objects.

Chapter 6 – Value only

• VALUE – in artwork , the range of light and dark • Value is typically represented on a VALUE SCALE • SHADING – using lighter and darker values to make

something look more 3 – D • CHIAROSCURO – literally means light and dark in ITALIAN,

refers to the use of value in a drawing or painting.

Chapter 7 - Visual Elements – SPACE•POSITIVE SPACE refers to the area occupied by the plastic and plastic threads; •NEGATIVE SPACE refers to the areas in between the plastic shapes/forms•An object placed lower in a picture plane

(closer to the bottom edge) appears closer to the viewer.

•An object placed higher in a picture plane (closer to the top edge)

appears farther away from the viewer. •In one-point perspective, the three directions of lines are: vertical, horizontal, and toward the vanishing point.•In two-point perspective, the three directions of lines are: vertical lines and (two stets

of ) converging lines.•EYE LEVEL is the height of the viewer’s eyes relative to the ground or floor.•In aerial perspective the artists shows objects farther away as lighter, softer, cooler,

duller, having less contrast, outlines and details are less distinct. •Warm colours (red, yellow, orange) are advancing, •Cool colours (green, blue, violet) are receding. •Framing can change: space, the point of view,

and the meaning of the scene.