ELECTRONIC WASTE

Prepared ByBhaumik Jhaveri [ 29 ]Nikhil Parmar [ 61 ]Rahul Verma [ 98 ]

Solid Waste

Municipal waste

Electronic waste

Biomedical waste

Industrial waste 2

What Is E-Waste

E-Waste

• The term E-waste applies to all the wastes from or caused by electronic Items.

• Unwanted or unusable electronic products such as computers, computer peripherals, televisions, VCRs, DVD Players, stereo equipment, hand cell phones are commonly referred to as ‘electronic waste’.

Sources Of E-Waste•IT & Telecom Equipments

•Households Appliances

•Electrical & Electronic Equipments

•Toys & Sports Equipments

•Medical Devices

• Mobile phones• Telephones• Telephone exchanges Wireless Equipment cables and related scrap material• PC and TV

Telecommunication Waste:

• Switches• Relays• Connectors and related Scrap Material.

Electrical Waste:

• Electronic – metal waste• Printed Circuit Boards• E – Equipment and Machinery• IC• Sockets Connectors.

Electronic Waste:

• PVC• Pre Insulated Copper and Aluminium Cable waste.

Cable Waste:

6

7

1 Metric Ton of Electronic scrap contains

more gold than

17 Ton of Gold from gold ore

E-Waste In INDIA

• As per a report by Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), India generated 1,46,800 tones of E-waste was generated in the year 2005 and the number is expected to reach 8,00,000 tones by 2012.

• 65 cities generated more than 60% of the total E-waste generated in India.

• Top E-waste generating cities in India are Delhi, Bangalore, Chennai, Kolkata, Ahmedabad, Hyderabad, Pune , Surat and Nagpur. And top E-waste generating states in India are Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, West Bengal, Delhi, Karnataka, MP and Punjab.

Reasons For Our Worries

Effects Of E-Waste

• Discarded electronics contains Hazardous materials.

• If Disposed Improperly ,they pose a potential threat to human health and environment.

• May contaminate groundwater.

Burning Of E-Waste

POLLUTION

WASTE NEAR WATER

GROUND WATER CONTAMINATION

Effects on Human BodySource of

e-wasteConstituent Health Effects

Solder in printed circuit boards, glass panels and gaskets in computer monitors

Lead Damage to nervous and blood systems.kidney damage. Affects brain development.

Chip resistors and semiconductors

Cadmium Toxic irreversible effects. Accumulates in kidney andliver.

Source of e-waste

Constituent Health effects

Relays and switches, printed circuit boards

Mercury (Hg) Neural damage. Damage to brain. Respiratory andskin disorders

Front panel of CRTs Barium (Ba) Muscle weakness Damage to heart, liver and skin.

Cabling and computer housing

Plastics including PVC Immune system damage,Interfere with regulatory hormones.

How E-Waste

Occurs

• Due to advancement in techniques the old instruments are becoming outdated.

• India as a developing country needs simpler, low cost technology for proper management of E-waste.

• Industrial Revolution.• There mismanagement can lead to the pollution.

• This waste is not Eco-friendly.• Hence there is a need to check this electronic

waste pollution by proper management.

How To Manage E-Waste

• In industries management of e-waste should begin at the point of generation.•Waste minimization in industries involves

adopting: 1. inventory management, 2. production-process modification, 3. volume reduction, 4. Recovery and reuse.

Inventory management

• Proper control over the materials.• Reducing both the quantity of hazardous

materials & amount of excess raw materials in stock.

• All materials be approved prior to purchase.• Hazardous material replaced by non-

hazardous material if available.

Volume reduction

• Remove the hazardous portion of a waste from a non-hazardous portion.

• 2 general categories:– Source segregation– Waste concentration

• Source segregation• Segregation of wastes is in many cases a simple and

economical technique for waste reduction.• Wastes containing different types of metals can be treated

separately so that the metal value in the sludge can be recovered.

• Waste concentration• Concentration of a waste stream may increase the

likelihood that the material can be recycled or reused.• Methods include gravity and vacuum filtration, ultra

filtration, reverse osmosis, freeze vaporization etc.

Recovery and Reuse

• Eliminate waste disposal costs, reduce raw material costs and provide income from a saleable waste.

• Physical and Chemical techniques are available to reclaim a waste material.

• For example, a printed-circuit board manufacturer can use electrolytic recovery to reclaim metals from copper and tin-lead plating bath.

Sustainable product design

• Rethink the product design– Efforts should be made to design a product with fewer

amounts of hazardous materials.• Use of renewable materials and energy– Solar computers also exist but they are currently very

expensive. • Use of non-renewable materials that are safer– product is built for re-use, repair and/or

upgradeability.– Dell and Gateway

Management Option

• Considering the severity of the problem, it is imperative that certain management options must be adopted to handle the bulk e-wastes.

• Following are some of the management options suggested for the government, industries and the public.

Responsibilities of the Government

• Government should set up regulatory agencies.

• Government should provide an adequate system of laws and controls.

• Government must encourage research into the development and production of less hazardous equipments.

Role Of Industries

• Generators of wastes should take responsibility to determine the output characteristics of wastes.

• All involved person should be properly qualified and trained in handling e-waste in industries.

• Companies should adopt waste minimization techniques.

Responsibilities Of Citizen

• Reuse• Donating used electronics to schools, non-profit

organizations, and lower-income families.• E-wastes should never be disposed with

garbage and other household wastes. • These wastes should be collected by some

persons and they should be sent for various processes like Reuse, Recycling, and Donating.

Conclusion

• E-waste is going to create lot of problems in future.

• E-Waste management is of utmost importance.

• Proper management is necessary to minimize its ill effects on human beings and nature.

ReduceReuseRecycleRecover