electronic and electrical components in robotics

7/31/2019 Electronic and Electrical Components in Robotics

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Importance of robotics

The concept and creation of machines that could operateautonomously dates back toclassical times, but researchinto the functionality andpotential uses of robots didnot grow substantially untilthe 20th century. Today,

robotics is a rapidly growingfield, as we continue toresearch, design, and buildnew robots that servevarious practical purposes,whether domestically,commercially, or militarily.Many robots do jobs that arehazardous to people such asdefusing bombs, exploringshipwrecks, and mines.


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Some of the robots we have today:


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Industrial robots

Robots exhibit varying degrees of autonomy:Some robots are programmed tofaithfully carry out specific actionsover and over again (repetitiveactions) without variation andwith a high degree of accuracy.These actions are determined byprogrammed routines thatspecify the direction,acceleration, velocity,deceleration, and distance of aseries of coordinated motions.Other robots are much moreflexible as to the orientation of the object on which they areoperating or even the task thathas to be performed on theobject itself, which the robot mayeven need to identify. Forexample, for more preciseguidance, robots often containmachine vision sub-systemsacting as their "eyes", linked topowerful computers orcontrollers. Artificial intelligenceor what passes for it, is becoming

an increasingly important factorin the modern industrial robot.


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The humanoidrobot robo nova

Robo nova ishumanoidrobot, that can

move its armsand legs in allpossible

degrees. its acomputeroperated robot.


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Segwaythe human carrier

Segway is a twowheeled self balancing robot

that can be usedby a man totravel for short

distances.


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Kismet the humaninteraction robot

kismet is a humaninteraction robot thatcan interact withpeople.it can produce

a variety of facialexpression,gestures,artifical emotions.it canalso recognize voiceusing voicerecognition sofware.


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ResistorsResistors are are usedto obstruct the flow of current.

Here are two types of

resistors: Surface mountresistor:

can be mounted on a

electrical circuit hole resistor:

can be inserted intoholes on a circuit chip


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BatteryA battery is aportable type of power supply

that uses cells tostore electricalcharge.cells can

be used indifferent ordersto producespecific voltagelevels.


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switchA simple switch isused to open or closea circuit. this type of switch is a

momentary buttonswitch closes thecircuit when thebutton is pushed.uponreleasing the buttonthe circuit will be openagain.these are usedfor low powerapplications.


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LED(light emittingdiode)

LED are mostcommonly used inelectronic circuitsas indicator lightsbecause theyconsume littlecurrent,last for

longer time,verybright for smallsize.


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Variableresistor(potentiometer)

A variable resistor uses awiper mechanism to slide a

contactor across a plane of linear variable resistance.

Typically, there are three pinson a potentiometer and theouter two

are connected to +5v andGND (in either order),whereas the center tab

is the variable analog voltage

output of the potentiometer the center

tab should be connected tothe input , or other control

circuitry.


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Transistor switchNPNA transistor is the simplesttype of digital

switch. There are severaldifferent variations of transistors, but we use

only BJT and Mosfet types.The BJT is commonly used asa high-frequency, low-powerelectronic

switch that is easily controlled. The N-type transistor

is considered a low-sideswitch that is often used inconjunction with

P-type transistors.


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Transistor switchPNP

The PNP transistor issimilar to the NPNtype,

but it can be used only

as a high-side switch.By combining PNP andNPN transistorstogether, you cancreate an

amplifying circuit orsignal buffer


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CapacitorA capacitor is a device thatcan hold a specific amountof

electrical charge, used tosupply current to the rest

of the circuit orabsorb voltage spikes forsignal smoothing. Youshould always select acapacitor with a

voltage rating that is atleast 10v higher than thesystem operating

voltage. Exceeding thevoltage limit results in an

exploding capacitor!


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Ceramic resonator

This ceramicresonator takesthe place of a

crystaland twocapacitors,

because it hastwo capacitorsbuilt-in.


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Motor

This symbol usuallyindicates a standard two-wire DC motor.

This DC motor with gear-box attached is a small

hobby type motor thatcan be used in a roboticproject. There are typicallytwo wires used to

operate this type of motor,

where reversing thepolarity to the wires will

reverse the direction of themotor output shaft.


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Voltageregulator

voltageregulator chip isuseful to

convert any DCvoltage inputinto a regulated

output.


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ANY QUERIES OR SUGGESTIONS ARE AWELCOME.MY MAIL ID: [email protected]

These are the basic electrical and

electronic components whichcan be seen in any typical robot.


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Thank u

electronic and electrical components in robotics

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